242 lines
18 KiB
HTML
242 lines
18 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::istream_iterator</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_iterator_istream_iterator skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>istream_iterator</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-iterator.html">iterator</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-iterator.html"><iterator></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev">
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<tr class="t-dcl t-until-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw4">char</span>,<br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Traits <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-string-char_traits.html"><span class="kw1266">std::<span class="me2">char_traits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT<span class="sy1">></span>,<br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Distance <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-types-ptrdiff_t.html"><span class="kw101">std::<span class="me2">ptrdiff_t</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> istream_iterator<span class="sy4">:</span> <span class="kw1">public</span> <a href="cpp-iterator-iterator.html"><span class="kw657">std::<span class="me2">iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-iterator-iterator_tags.html"><span class="kw652">std::<span class="me2">input_iterator_tag</span></span></a>,<br /></p>
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T, Distance, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy2">*</span>, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span><span class="sy1">></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw4">char</span>,<br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Traits <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-string-char_traits.html"><span class="kw1266">std::<span class="me2">char_traits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT<span class="sy1">></span>,<br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Distance <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-types-ptrdiff_t.html"><span class="kw101">std::<span class="me2">ptrdiff_t</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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<span class="kw1">class</span> istream_iterator<span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<p><code>std::istream_iterator</code> 是单趟输入迭代器,从为之创建迭代器的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_istream.html">std::basic_istream</a></span> 对象读取 <code>T</code> 类型的相继对象,通过调用适当的 <code>operator>></code> 。实际读取操作在自增,而非解引用迭代器时进行。在构造迭代器时读取首个对象。解引用只返回最近读取的对象的副本。</p>
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<p>默认构造的 <code>std::istream_iterator</code> 被称为<i>流尾</i>迭代器。合法的 <code>std::istream_iterator</code> 抵达底层流尾时,它变得等于流尾迭代器。解引用和进一步自增它导致未定义行为。</p>
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<p><code>std::istream_iterator</code> 的典型实现保有二个数据成员:指向关联 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_istream.html">std::basic_istream</a></span> 对象的指针和最近读取的 <code>T</code> 类型值。</p>
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<p><code>T</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-DefaultConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可默认构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(DefaultConstructible)</span></a> 、<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a> 和<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyAssignable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制赋值</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyAssignable)</span></a> 要求。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">成员类型</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>成员类型</td>
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<td>定义</td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>iterator_category</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-iterator-iterator_tags.html"><span class="kw652">std::<span class="me2">input_iterator_tag</span></span></a></span></span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>value_type</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T</span></span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>difference_type</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Distance</span></span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>pointer</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>reference</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span></span></span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>char_type</code></td>
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<td><code>CharT</code></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>traits_type</code></td>
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<td><code>Traits</code></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>istream_type</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-io-basic_istream.html"><span class="kw1712">std::<span class="me2">basic_istream</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits<span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx17">
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<p>要求通过从 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-iterator-iterator.html"><span class="kw657">std::<span class="me2">iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-iterator-iterator_tags.html"><span class="kw652">std::<span class="me2">input_iterator_tag</span></span></a>, T, Distance, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy2">*</span>, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 继承获得成员类型 <code>iterator_category</code>、 <code>value_type</code>、 <code>difference_type</code>、 <code>pointer</code> 及 <code>reference</code> 。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-iterator-istream_iterator-istream_iterator.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>构造新的 istream_iterator<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-iterator-istream_iterator-~istream_iterator.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>析构 istream_iterator ,包含缓冲的值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-iterator-istream_iterator-operator*.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator*</span><span>operator-></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回当前元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-iterator-istream_iterator-operator_arith.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator++</span><span>operator++<span class="t-dsc-small">(int)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>推进迭代器<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.9D.9E.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">非成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-iterator-istream_iterator-operator_cmp.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator==</span><span>operator!=</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>比较两个 <code>istream_iterator</code><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>读字符时, <code>std::istream_iterator</code> 默认跳过空白符(除非用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-manip-skipws.html">std::noskipws</a></span> 或等价物禁用,而 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-iterator-istreambuf_iterator.html">std::istreambuf_iterator</a></span> 不跳过。另外, <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-iterator-istreambuf_iterator.html">std::istreambuf_iterator</a></span> 更有效率,因为它避免对每个字符构造并析构一次 sentry 对象的开销。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <sstream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iterator></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <numeric></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_istringstream.html"><span class="kw1734">std::<span class="me2">istringstream</span></span></a> str<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-algorithm-partial_sum.html"><span class="kw1653">std::<span class="me2">partial_sum</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">istream_iterator</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">double</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>str<span class="br0">)</span>,
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">istream_iterator</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">double</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
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<a href="cpp-iterator-ostream_iterator.html"><span class="kw669">std::<span class="me2">ostream_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">double</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>, <span class="st0">" "</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_istringstream.html"><span class="kw1734">std::<span class="me2">istringstream</span></span></a> str2<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"1 3 5 7 8 9 10"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>The first even number is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span>
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<span class="sy2">*</span><a href="cpp-algorithm-find_if_not.html"><span class="kw1574">std::<span class="me2">find_if</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">istream_iterator</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>str2<span class="br0">)</span>,
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">istream_iterator</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
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<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> i<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> i <span class="sy2">%</span> <span class="nu0">2</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">".<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// " 9 10" 留在流中</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">0.1 0.3 0.6 1
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The first even number is 8.</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BC.BA.E9.99.B7.E6.8A.A5.E5.91.8A">缺陷报告</span></h3>
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<p>下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。</p>
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<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
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<tr>
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<th>DR</th>
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<th>应用于</th>
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<th>出版时的行为</th>
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<th>正确行为</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wg21.link/P0738R2">P0738R2</a></td>
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<td>C++98</td>
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<td>首次读取可以延迟到首次解引用</td>
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<td>首次读取在构造函数中进行</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-iterator-ostream_iterator.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ostream_iterator</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>写入 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostream.html">std::basic_ostream</a></span> 的输出迭代器<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-iterator-istreambuf_iterator.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>istreambuf_iterator</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_streambuf.html">std::basic_streambuf</a></span> 读取的输入迭代器<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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