232 lines
18 KiB
HTML
232 lines
18 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::default_delete</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_memory_default_delete skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>default_delete</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-memory.html">memory</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-memory.html"><memory></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span> <span class="kw1">struct</span> default_delete<span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span> <span class="kw1">struct</span> default_delete<span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<p><code>std::default_delete</code> 是不指定删除器时 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-unique_ptr.html">std::unique_ptr</a></span> 所用的默认删除策略。 <code>default_delete</code> 的特化在典型实现上为空类,并且用于<a href="cpp-language-ebo.html">空基类优化</a>。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 非特化的 <code>default_delete</code> 用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">delete</span></span> 解分配单个对象的内存。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 亦为提供数组类型的使用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">delete<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> 的部分特化。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<div><strong class="selflink"><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></strong></div>
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</td>
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<td>构造 <code>default_delete</code> 对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><strong class="selflink"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></strong></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>删除对象或数组<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<div class="t-member">
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="std::default_delete::default_delete"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::default_delete::</span>default_delete</span></h2>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">constexpr</span> default_delete<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw1">default</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> U<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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default_delete<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> default_delete<span class="sy1"><</span>U<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> d <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark">(仅为初等 <code>default_delete</code> 模板的成员)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> U<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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default_delete<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> default_delete<span class="sy1"><</span>U<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> d <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(3)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark">(仅为 <code>default_delete<T[]></code> 模板特化的成员)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 构造 <code>std::default_delete</code> 对象。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 从另一 <code>std::default_delete</code> 构造 <code>std::default_delete</code> 对象。此构造函数仅若 <code>U*</code> 可隐式转换为 <code>T*</code> 才参与重载决议。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 从另一 <code>std::default_delete<U[]></code> 对象构造 <code>std::default_delete<T[]></code> 对象。此构造函数仅若 <code>U(*)[]</code> 可隐式转换为 <code>T(*)[]</code> 才参与重载决议。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>d</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>复制来源的删除器</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p><code>std::default_delete</code> 的<a href="cpp-language-converting_constructor.html">转换构造函数</a>模板令从 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-memory-unique_ptr.html"><span class="kw733">std::<span class="me2">unique_ptr</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Derived<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-memory-unique_ptr.html"><span class="kw733">std::<span class="me2">unique_ptr</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Base<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 的隐式转换可行。</p>
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</div>
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<div class="t-member">
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="std::default_delete::operator.28.29"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::default_delete::</span>operator()</span></h2>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> operator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span>T<span class="sy2">*</span> ptr<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark">(仅为初等 <code>default_delete</code> 模板的成员)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> U<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">void</span> operator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">(</span>U<span class="sy2">*</span> ptr<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark">(仅为 <code>default_delete<T[]></code> 模板特化的成员)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 在 <code>ptr</code> 上调用 <code>delete</code> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 在 <code>ptr</code> 上调用 <code>delete[]</code> 。此函数仅若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">U<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> 能隐式转换为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> 才参与重载决议。</div>
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<p>任何情况下,若 U 是不完整类型,则程序为谬构。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0_2">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>ptr</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要删除的对象或数组</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>无异常保证。</p>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.9C.A8.E4.B8.8D.E5.AE.8C.E6.95.B4.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E4.B8.8A.E8.B0.83.E7.94.A8">在不完整类型上调用</span></h3>
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<p>于代码中调用 operator() 点,类型必须完整。一些实现中用 <code>static_assert</code> 确保如此。此要求的原因,是 C++ 中若完整类类型拥有非平凡析构函数或解分配函数,则在不完整类型上调用 <a href="cpp-language-delete.html"><tt>delete</tt></a> 是未定义行为,因为编译器无法得知这种函数是否存在且必须被调用。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <memory></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="co1">// {</span>
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<span class="co1">// std::shared_ptr<int> shared_bad(new int[10]);</span>
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<span class="co1">// } // 析构函数调用 delete ,未定义行为</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-memory-shared_ptr.html"><span class="kw734">std::<span class="me2">shared_ptr</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> shared_good<span class="br0">(</span>new <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">10</span><span class="br0">]</span>, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">default_delete</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="co1">// 析构函数调用 delete[] , ok</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-memory-unique_ptr.html"><span class="kw733">std::<span class="me2">unique_ptr</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> ptr<span class="br0">(</span>new <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="co1">// unique_ptr<int> 使用 default_delete<int></span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-memory-unique_ptr.html"><span class="kw733">std::<span class="me2">unique_ptr</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy1">></span> ptr<span class="br0">(</span>new <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">10</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="co1">// unique_ptr<int[]> 使用 default_delete<int[]></span>
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<span class="co1">// default_delete 能用于需要删除用函数对象的任何场所</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1268">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">></span> v<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> n <span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="nu0">100</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>n<span class="br0">)</span>
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v.<span class="me1">push_back</span><span class="br0">(</span>new <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">(</span>n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-algorithm-for_each.html"><span class="kw1567">std::<span class="me2">for_each</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, v.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">default_delete</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BC.BA.E9.99.B7.E6.8A.A5.E5.91.8A">缺陷报告</span></h3>
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<p>下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。</p>
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<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
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<tr>
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<th>DR</th>
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<th>应用于</th>
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<th>出版时的行为</th>
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<th>正确行为</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2118">LWG 2118</a></td>
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<td>C++11</td>
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<td><code>default_delete<T[]></code> 的成员函数拒绝限定转换</td>
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<td>接受</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-unique_ptr.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>unique_ptr</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>拥有独有对象所有权语义的智能指针<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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