233 lines
20 KiB
HTML
233 lines
20 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::uninitialized_default_construct</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_memory_uninitialized_default_construct skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>uninitialized_default_construct</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-memory.html">memory</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<tbody>
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-memory.html"><memory></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">void</span> uninitialized_default_construct<span class="br0">(</span> ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ExecutionPolicy, <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">void</span> uninitialized_default_construct<span class="br0">(</span> ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy3">&&</span> policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 以<a href="cpp-language-default_initialization.html">默认初始化</a>在范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 所指代的未初始化存储上构造 <code>typename iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::value_type</code> 类型对象,如同用
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy4">;</span> first <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> last<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>first<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">new</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="coMULTI">/*VOIDIFY*/</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>first<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="kw1">typename</span> <a href="cpp-iterator-iterator_traits.html"><span class="kw651">std::<span class="me2">iterator_traits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value_type</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>其中 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="coMULTI">/*VOIDIFY*/</span><span class="br0">(</span>e<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 为:</p>
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<dd><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">static_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-memory-addressof.html"><span class="kw756">std::<span class="me2">addressof</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>e<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span></dd>
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</dl>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx20">
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<dl>
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<dd><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">const_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw1">static_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">volatile</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-memory-addressof.html"><span class="kw756">std::<span class="me2">addressof</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>e<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span></dd>
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</dl>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> 若初始化期间抛出异常,则以未指定顺序销毁已构造的对象。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 同 <span class="t-v">(1)</span> ,但按照 <code>policy</code> 执行。此重载仅若 <span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx20"><span><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-algorithm-is_execution_policy.html"><span class="kw1563">std::<span class="me2">is_execution_policy_v</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-types-decay.html"><span class="kw629">std::<span class="me2">decay_t</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy1">>></span></span></span></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></span></span><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx20"><span><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-algorithm-is_execution_policy.html"><span class="kw1563">std::<span class="me2">is_execution_policy_v</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">remove_cvref_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy1">>></span></span></span></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></span></span> 为 true 才参与重载决议。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要初始化的元素范围</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>policy</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>所用的执行策略。细节见<a href="cpp-algorithm-execution_policy_tag_t.html">执行策略</a>。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-hitem">
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<td colspan="3">类型要求</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>ForwardIt</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-ForwardIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式向前迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyForwardIterator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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通过 <code>ForwardIt</code> 合法实例的自增、复制、比较或间接均不抛出异常。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>(无)</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<p>与 <code>first</code> 与 <code>last</code> 间的距离成线性</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>拥有名为 <code>ExecutionPolicy</code> 的模板形参的重载按下列方式报告错误:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>若作为算法一部分调用的函数的执行抛出异常,且 <code>ExecutionPolicy</code> 为<a href="cpp-algorithm-execution_policy_tag_t.html">标准策略</a>之一,则调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html">std::terminate</a></span> 。对于任何其他 <code>ExecutionPolicy</code> ,行为是实现定义的。</li>
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<li>若算法无法分配内存,则抛出 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-new-bad_alloc.html">std::bad_alloc</a></span> 。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.AF.E8.83.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9E.E7.8E.B0">可能的实现</span></h3>
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<table class="eq-fun-cpp-table">
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<td>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> uninitialized_default_construct<span class="br0">(</span>ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">using</span> Value <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw1">typename</span> <a href="cpp-iterator-iterator_traits.html"><span class="kw651">std::<span class="me2">iterator_traits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value_type</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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ForwardIt current <span class="sy1">=</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">try</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy4">;</span> current <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> last<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>current<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">new</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw1">const_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw1">static_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">volatile</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>
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<a href="cpp-memory-addressof.html"><span class="kw756">std::<span class="me2">addressof</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>current<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> Value<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">catch</span> <span class="br0">(</span>...<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-memory-destroy.html"><span class="kw726">std::<span class="me2">destroy</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>first, current<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <memory></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <string></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cstring></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">struct</span> S <span class="br0">{</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1229">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a> m<span class="br0">{</span> <span class="st0">"Default value"</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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alignas<span class="br0">(</span>alignof<span class="br0">(</span>S<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> mem<span class="br0">[</span>n <span class="sy2">*</span> sizeof<span class="br0">(</span>S<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">try</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> first <span class="br0">{</span><span class="kw1">reinterpret_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span>S<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>mem<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> last <span class="br0">{</span>first <span class="sy2">+</span> n<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">uninitialized_default_construct</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, last<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span> it <span class="br0">{</span>first<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span> it <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> last<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>it<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> it<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>m <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<a href="cpp-memory-destroy.html"><span class="kw726">std::<span class="me2">destroy</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>first, last<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">catch</span><span class="br0">(</span>...<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Exception!<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="co1">// 注意对于“平凡类型” uninitialized_default_construct 通常不会以零填充未初始化的内存区域。</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> v<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> original<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">uninitialized_default_construct</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-iterator-begin.html"><span class="kw676">std::<span class="me2">begin</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>v<span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-iterator-end.html"><span class="kw680">std::<span class="me2">end</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>v<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// for (const int i : v) { std::cout << i << ' '; }</span>
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<span class="co1">// 可能为未定义行为,待定的 CWG 1997 。</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span>
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<span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-string-byte-memcmp.html"><span class="kw1156">std::<span class="me2">memcmp</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>v, original, sizeof<span class="br0">(</span>v<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="nu0">0</span> <span class="sy4">?</span> <span class="st0">"Unmodified<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span> <span class="sy4">:</span> <span class="st0">"Modified<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 结果未指定。</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>可能的输出:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Default value
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Default value
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Default value
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Unmodified</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-uninitialized_default_construct_n.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>uninitialized_default_construct_n</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>在起始和计数所定义的未初始化内存区域用<a href="cpp-language-default_initialization.html">默认初始化</a>构造对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-uninitialized_value_construct.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>uninitialized_value_construct</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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<td>在范围所定义的未初始化内存中用<a href="cpp-language-value_initialization.html">值初始化</a>构造对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-ranges-uninitialized_default_construct.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::uninitialized_default_construct</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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<td>在范围所定义的未初始化的内存区域以<a href="cpp-language-default_initialization.html">默认初始化</a>构造对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
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