223 lines
16 KiB
HTML
223 lines
16 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::sin, std::sinf, std::sinl</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_numeric_math_sin skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>sin, <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>sinf, <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>sinl</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-numeric.html">numeric</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-numeric-math.html">math</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-cmath.html"><cmath></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
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<td></td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">float</span> sin <span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">float</span> arg <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">float</span> sinf<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">float</span> arg <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tbody>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">double</span> sin <span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> arg <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(3)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> sin <span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> arg <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> sinl<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> arg <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">double</span> sin <span class="br0">(</span> IntegralType arg <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-3)</span> 计算 <code>arg</code> （以弧度度量）的正弦。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> 接受任何<a href="cpp-types-is_integral.html">整数类型</a>参数的重载集或函数模板。等价于 2) （将参数转型为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> ）。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>arg</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>以弧度表示角的浮点或<a href="cpp-types-is_integral.html">整数类型</a>值</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>若不发生错误，则返回 <code>arg</code> 的正弦（ <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">sin(arg)</span> ），于范围 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">[-1 ; +1]</span> 中。</p>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx11">
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<td>
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<p>若 <code>arg</code> 的绝对值很大，结果可能拥有少量或无有效数字。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>若发生定义域错误，则返回实现定义的值（受支持的平台上为 NaN ）。</p>
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<p>若发生下溢所致的值域错误，则返回（舍入后的）正确结果。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.94.99.E8.AF.AF.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86">错误处理</span></h3>
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<p>报告 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-math_errhandling.html">math_errhandling</a></span> 中指定的错误。</p>
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<p>若实现支持 IEEE 浮点算术（ IEC 60559 ），则</p>
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<ul>
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<li>若参数是 ±0 ，则返回不修改的参数</li>
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<li>若参数是 ±∞ ，则返回 NaN 并引发 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-FE_exceptions.html">FE_INVALID</a></span></li>
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<li>若参数是 NaN ，则返回 NaN</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
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<p>参数为无穷大的情况不被指定为（ C++ 所委派的） C 中的定义域错误，但被指定为 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/sin.html">POSIX 中的定义域错误</a>。</p>
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<p>POSIX 亦指定在溢出的情况下，返回不修改的 <code>arg</code> ，而且若不支持如此，则返回实现定义的不大于 DBL_MIN 、 FLT_MIN 及 LDBL_MIN 的值。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cmath></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cerrno></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cfenv></span>
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<span class="co2">#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON</span>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> pi <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-numeric-math-acos.html"><span class="kw1336">std::<span class="me2">acos</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="co1">// 典型用法</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"sin(pi/6) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sin</span><span class="br0">(</span>pi<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">6</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"sin(pi/2) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sin</span><span class="br0">(</span>pi<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"sin(-3*pi/4) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="sy2">*</span>pi<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 特殊值</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"sin(+0) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu16">0.0</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"sin(-0) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu16">0.0</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 错误处理</span>
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<a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-feclearexcept.html"><span class="kw1449">std::<span class="me2">feclearexcept</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-FE_exceptions.html"><span class="kw1460">FE_ALL_EXCEPT</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"sin(INFINITY) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sin</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-numeric-math-INFINITY.html"><span class="kw1376">INFINITY</span></a><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-fetestexcept.html"><span class="kw1450">std::<span class="me2">fetestexcept</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-FE_exceptions.html"><span class="kw1463">FE_INVALID</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" FE_INVALID raised<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>可能的输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">sin(pi/6) = 0.5
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sin(pi/2) = 1
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sin(-3*pi/4) = -0.707107
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sin(+0) = 0
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sin(-0) = -0
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sin(INFINITY) = -nan
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FE_INVALID raised</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-math-cos.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>cos</span><span>cosf</span><span>cosl</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算余弦（ <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\({\small\cos{x} }\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">cos(x)</span> ）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-math-tan.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>tan</span><span>tanf</span><span>tanl</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算正切（ <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\({\small\tan{x} }\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">tan(x)</span> ）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-math-asin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>asin</span><span>asinf</span><span>asinl</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算反正弦（ <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\({\small\arcsin{x} }\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">arcsin(x)</span> ）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-complex-sin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>sin<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::complex)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算复数的正弦（ <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\({\small\sin{z} }\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">sin(z)</span> ）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-valarray-sin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>sin<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::valarray)</span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>对 valarray 的每个元素应用<span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">std::sin</strong></span>函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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