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<section id="module-xml.dom.minidom">
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<span id="xml-dom-minidom-minimal-dom-implementation"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> --- 最小化的 DOM 实现<a class="headerlink" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>源代码:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py">Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py</a></p>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 是文档对象模型接口的最小化实现，具有与其他语言类似的 API。 它的目标是比完整 DOM 更简单并且更为小巧。 对于 DOM 还不十分熟悉的用户则应当考虑改用 <a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementTree" title="xml.etree.ElementTree: Implementation of the ElementTree API."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.etree.ElementTree</span></code></a> 模块来进行 XML 处理。</p>
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<p class="admonition-title">警告</p>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 模块对于恶意构建的数据是不安全的。 如果你需要解析不受信任或未经身份验证的数据，请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities"><span class="std std-ref">XML 漏洞</span></a>。</p>
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<p>DOM 应用程序通常会从将某个 XML 解析为 DOM 开始。 使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 时，这是通过各种解析函数来完成的:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parseString</span>
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<span class="n">dom1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'c:</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">temp</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">mydata.xml'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># parse an XML file by name</span>
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<span class="n">datasource</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'c:</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">temp</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">mydata.xml'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">dom2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datasource</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># parse an open file</span>
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<span class="n">dom3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<myxml>Some data<empty/> some more data</myxml>'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="xml.dom.minidom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a> 函数可接受一个文件名或者打开的文件对象。</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="xml.dom.minidom.parse">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">xml.dom.minidom.</code><code class="sig-name descname">parse</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">filename_or_file</em>, <em class="sig-param">parser=None</em>, <em class="sig-param">bufsize=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>根据给定的输入返回一个 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code>。 <em>filename_or_file</em> 可以是一个文件名，或是一个文件型对象。 如果给定 <em>parser</em> 则它必须是一个 SAX2 解析器对象。 此函数将修改解析器的处理程序并激活命名空间支持；其他解析器配置（例如设置一个实体求解器）必须已经提前完成。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<p>如果你将 XML 存放为字符串形式，则可以改用 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parseString" title="xml.dom.minidom.parseString"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code></a> 函数:</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="xml.dom.minidom.parseString">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">xml.dom.minidom.</code><code class="sig-name descname">parseString</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">string</em>, <em class="sig-param">parser=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parseString" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回一个代表 <em>string</em> 的 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code>。 此方法会为指定字符串创建一个 <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.StringIO" title="io.StringIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.StringIO</span></code></a> 对象并将其传递给 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="xml.dom.minidom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a>。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<p>两个函数均返回一个代表文档内容的 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> 对象。object representing the content of the document.</p>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="xml.dom.minidom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parseString" title="xml.dom.minidom.parseString"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code></a> 函数所做的是将 XML 解析器连接到一个 "DOM 构建器"，它可以从任意 SAX 解析器接收解析事件并将其转换为 DOM 树结构。 这两个函数的名称可能有些误导性，但在学习此接口时是很容易掌握的。 文档解析操作将在这两个函数返回之前完成；简单地说这两个函数本身并不提供解析器实现。</p>
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<p>你也可以通过在一个 "DOM 实现" 对象上调用方法来创建 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code>。 此对象可通过调用 <a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom" title="xml.dom: Document Object Model API for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code></a> 包或者 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 模块中的 <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getDOMImplementation()</span></code> 函数来获取。 一旦你获得了一个 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code>，你就可以向它添加子节点来填充 DOM:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">getDOMImplementation</span>
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<span class="n">impl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getDOMImplementation</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="n">newdoc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">impl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createDocument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"some_tag"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">top_element</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newdoc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">documentElement</span>
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<span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newdoc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createTextNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Some textual content.'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">top_element</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">appendChild</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>一旦你得到了 DOM 文档对象，你就可以通过其属性和方法访问对应 XML 文档的各个部分。 这些属性定义在 DOM 规格说明当中；文档对象的主要特征属性是 <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">documentElement</span></code>。 它给出了 XML 文档中的主元素：即包含了所有其他元素的元素。 以下是一个示例程序:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">dom3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<myxml>Some data</myxml>"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">dom3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">documentElement</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"myxml"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>当你完成对一个 DOM 树的处理时，你可以选择调用 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unlink()</span></code> 方法以鼓励尽早清除不再需要的对象。 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unlink()</span></code> 是 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 针对 DOM API 的专属扩展，它会将特定节点及其下级标记为不再有用。 在其他情况下，Python 的垃圾回收器将负责最终处理树结构中的对象。</p>
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<div class="admonition seealso">
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<p class="admonition-title">参见</p>
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<dl class="simple">
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<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/">文档对象模型 (DOM) 第 1 层级规格说明</a></dt><dd><p>被 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 所支持的 W3C 针对 DOM 的建议。</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<section id="dom-objects">
|
||
<span id="minidom-objects"></span><h2>DOM 对象<a class="headerlink" href="#dom-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Python 的 DOM API 定义被作为 <a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom" title="xml.dom: Document Object Model API for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code></a> 模块文档的一部分给出。 这一节列出了该 API 和 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 之间的差异。</p>
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.unlink">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Node.</code><code class="sig-name descname">unlink</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.unlink" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>破坏 DOM 的内部引用以便它能在没有循环 GC 的 Python 版本上垃圾回收器回收。 即使在循环 GC 可用的时候，使用此方法也可让大量内存更快变为可用，因此当 DOM 对象不再被需要时尽早调用它们的这个方法是很好的做法。 此方法只须在 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> 对象上调用，但也可以在下级节点上调用以丢弃该节点的下级节点。</p>
|
||
<p>你可以通过使用 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> 语句来避免显式调用此方法。 以下代码会在 <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code> 代码块退出时自动取消链接 <em>dom</em>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">xml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">minidom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datasource</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">dom</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="o">...</span> <span class="c1"># Work with dom.</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Node.</code><code class="sig-name descname">writexml</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">writer</em>, <em class="sig-param">indent=""</em>, <em class="sig-param">addindent=""</em>, <em class="sig-param">newl=""</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将 XML 写入到写入器对象。 写入器接受文本而非字节串作为输入，它应当具有与文件对象接口相匹配的 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> 方法。 <em>indent</em> 形参是当前节点的缩进层级。 <em>addindent</em> 形参是用于当前节点的下级节点的缩进量。 <em>newl</em> 形参指定用于一行结束的字符串。</p>
|
||
<p>对于 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> 节点，可以使用附加的关键字参数 <em>encoding</em> 来指定 XML 标头的编码格式字段。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.8 版更改: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writexml()</span></code></a> 方法现在会保留用户指定的属性顺序。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Node.</code><code class="sig-name descname">toxml</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">encoding=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回一个包含 XML DOM 节点所代表的 XML 的字符串或字节串。</p>
|
||
<p>带有显式的 <em>encoding</em> <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id3" id="id1">1</a> 参数时，结果为使用指定编码格式的字节串。 没有 <em>encoding</em> 参数时，结果为 Unicode 字符串，并且结果字符串中的 XML 声明将不指定编码格式。 使用 UTF-8 以外的编码格式对此字符串进行编码通常是不正确的，因为 UTF-8 是 XML 的默认编码格式。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.8 版更改: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">toxml()</span></code></a> 方法现在会保留用户指定的属性顺序。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Node.</code><code class="sig-name descname">toprettyxml</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">indent="\t"</em>, <em class="sig-param">newl="\n"</em>, <em class="sig-param">encoding=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回文档的美化打印版本。 <em>indent</em> 指定缩进字符串并默认为制表符；<em>newl</em> 指定标示每行结束的字符串并默认为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\n</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<p><em>encoding</em> 参数的行为类似于 <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">toxml()</span></code></a> 的对应参数。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.8 版更改: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">toprettyxml()</span></code></a> 方法现在会保留用户指定的属性顺序。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="dom-example">
|
||
<span id="id2"></span><h2>DOM 示例<a class="headerlink" href="#dom-example" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>此示例程序是个相当实际的简单程序示例。 在这个特定情况中，我们没有过多地利用 DOM 的灵活性。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">document</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"""</span><span class="se">\</span>
|
||
<span class="s2"><slideshow></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"><title>Demo slideshow</title></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"><slide><title>Slide title</title></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"><point>This is a demo</point></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"><point>Of a program for processing slides</point></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"></slide></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="s2"><slide><title>Another demo slide</title></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"><point>It is important</point></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"><point>To have more than</point></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"><point>one slide</point></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"></slide></span>
|
||
<span class="s2"></slideshow></span>
|
||
<span class="s2">"""</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">dom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">xml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">minidom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">document</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nodelist</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nodelist</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nodeType</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TEXT_NODE</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rc</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlideshow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slideshow</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<html>"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">handleSlideshowTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slideshow</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"title"</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||
<span class="n">slides</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">slideshow</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"slide"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">handleToc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">handleSlides</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"</html>"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlides</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">slide</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">handleSlide</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlide</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="n">handleSlideTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"title"</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||
<span class="n">handlePoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"point"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlideshowTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<title></span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"></title>"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlideTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<h2></span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"></h2>"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handlePoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">points</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<ul>"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">point</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">points</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">handlePoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"</ul>"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handlePoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<li></span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"></li>"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleToc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">slide</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">slide</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"title"</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<p></span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"></p>"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">handleSlideshow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="minidom-and-the-dom-standard">
|
||
<span id="minidom-and-dom"></span><h2>minidom 和 DOM 标准<a class="headerlink" href="#minidom-and-the-dom-standard" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 模块实际上是兼容 DOM 1.0 的 DOM 并带有部分 DOM 2 特性（主要是命名空间特性）。</p>
|
||
<p>Python 中 DOM 接口的用法十分直观。 会应用下列映射规则:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>接口是通过实例对象来访问的。 应用程序不应实例化这些类本身；它们应当使用 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> 对象提供的创建器函数。 派生的接口支持上级接口的所有操作（和属性），并添加了新的操作。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>操作以方法的形式使用。 因由 DOM 只使用 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#in"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">in</span></code></a> 形参，参数是以正常顺序传入的（从左至右）。 不存在可选参数。 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">void</span></code> 操作返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>IDL 属性会映射到实例属性。 为了兼容针对 Python 的 OMG IDL 语言映射，属性 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code> 也可通过访问器方法 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_get_foo()</span></code> 和 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_set_foo()</span></code> 来访问。 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readonly</span></code> 属性不可被修改；运行时并不强制要求这一点。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">short</span> <span class="pre">int</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">int</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">long</span> <span class="pre">long</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">boolean</span></code> 类型都会映射为 Python 整数类型。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMString</span></code> 类型会映射为 Python 字符串。 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 支持字节串或字符串，但通常是产生字符串。 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMString</span></code> 类型的值也可以为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>，W3C 的 DOM 规格说明允许其具有 IDL <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">null</span></code> 值。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">const</span></code> 声明会映射为它们各自的作用域内的变量 (例如 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE</span></code>)；它们不可被修改。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMException</span></code> 目前不被 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 所支持。 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 会改为使用标准 Python 异常例如 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#AttributeError" title="AttributeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributeError</span></code></a>。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NodeList</span></code> 对象是使用 Python 内置列表类型来实现的。 这些对象提供了 DOM 规格说明中定义的接口，但在较早版本的 Python 中它们不支持官方 API。 相比在 W3C 建议中定义的接口，它们要更加的 "Pythonic"。</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>下列接口未在 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> 中实现:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMTimeStamp</span></code></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntityReference</span></code></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>这些接口所反映的 XML 文档信息对于大多数 DOM 用户来说没有什么帮助。</p>
|
||
<p class="rubric">备注</p>
|
||
<dl class="footnote brackets">
|
||
<dt class="label" id="id3"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a></span></dt>
|
||
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