324 lines
23 KiB
HTML
324 lines
23 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::max</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_algorithm_max skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>max</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-algorithm.html">algorithm</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-algorithm.html"><algorithm></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-until-cxx14">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> max<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> a, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> b <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx14">(C++14 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx14">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> max<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> a, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> b <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14 起)</span></td>
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</tbody>
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<tbody></tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(2)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-until-cxx14">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> max<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> a, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> b, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx14">(C++14 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx14">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> max<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> a, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> b, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody></tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<tr class="t-dcl-rev-aux">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(3)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11 t-until-cxx14">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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T max<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html"><span class="kw960">std::<span class="me2">initializer_list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span> ilist <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx14">(C++14 前)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx14">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> T max<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html"><span class="kw960">std::<span class="me2">initializer_list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span> ilist <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14 起)</span></td>
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</tbody>
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<tbody></tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(4)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11 t-until-cxx14">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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T max<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html"><span class="kw960">std::<span class="me2">initializer_list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span> ilist, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx14">(C++14 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx14">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> T max<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html"><span class="kw960">std::<span class="me2">initializer_list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span> ilist, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14 起)</span></td>
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</tbody>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>返回给定值中的较大者。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> 返回 <code>a</code> 与 <code>b</code> 的较大者。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-4)</span> 返回 initializer_list <code>ilist</code> 中值的最大者。</div>
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<p><span class="t-v">(1,3)</span> 版本用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1"><</span></span></span> 比较元素， <span class="t-v">(2,4)</span> 版本用给定的比较函数 <code>comp</code> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>a, b</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要比较的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>ilist</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>拥有要比较的值的 initializer_list</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>cmp</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>比较函数对象（即满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Compare.html"><span style="font-style:italic">比较</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Compare)</span></a> 要求的对象），若若 <code>a</code> <i>小于</i> <code>b</code> ，则返回 ​<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> 。<br />
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<p>比较函数的签名应等价于如下：</p>
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<p><span class="t-cc"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"> <span class="kw4">bool</span> cmp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> Type1 <span class="sy3">&</span>a, <span class="kw4">const</span> Type2 <span class="sy3">&</span>b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></p>
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<p>虽然签名不必有 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> ，函数也不能修改传递给它的对象，而且必须接受（可为 const 的）类型 <code>Type1</code> 与 <code>Type2</code> 的值，无关乎<a href="cpp-language-value_category.html">值类别</a>（从而不允许 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type1 <span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>，亦不允许 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type1</span></span> ，除非 <code>Type1</code> 的移动等价于复制</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span>）。<br />
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类型 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type1</span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type2</span></span> 必须使得 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T</span></span> 类型的对象能隐式转换到这两个类型。 ​</p>
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</td>
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<tr class="t-par-hitem">
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<td colspan="3">类型要求</td>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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为使用重载 (1,3) ， <code>T</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-LessThanComparable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可小于比较</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LessThanComparable)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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为使用重载 (3,4) ， <code>T</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> <code>a</code> 与 <code>b</code> 的较大者。若它们等价，则返回 <code>a</code> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-4)</span> <code>ilist</code> 中的最大值。若有数个等价于最大者的值，则返回最左侧的这种值。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> 准确一次比较</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-4)</span> 准确 <code>ilist.size() - 1</code> 次比较</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.AF.E8.83.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9E.E7.8E.B0">可能的实现</span></h3>
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<table class="eq-fun-cpp-table">
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<tr>
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<th>版本一</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> T<span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> max<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> a, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> b<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="br0">(</span>a <span class="sy1"><</span> b<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy4">?</span> b <span class="sy4">:</span> a<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<tr>
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<th>版本二</th>
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</tr>
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<td>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare<span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> max<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> a, <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> b, Compare comp<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">(</span>a, b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy4">?</span> b <span class="sy4">:</span> a<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>版本三</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span>
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T max<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html"><span class="kw960">std::<span class="me2">initializer_list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span> ilist<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><a href="cpp-algorithm-max_element.html"><span class="kw1640">std::<span class="me2">max_element</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>ilist.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, ilist.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<tr>
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<th>版本四</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare <span class="sy1">></span>
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T max<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-utility-initializer_list.html"><span class="kw960">std::<span class="me2">initializer_list</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span> ilist, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><a href="cpp-algorithm-max_element.html"><span class="kw1640">std::<span class="me2">max_element</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>ilist.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, ilist.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, comp<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
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<p>若参数之一是临时量，而该参数被返回，则以引用捕获 <code>std::max</code> 的结果会产生一个悬垂引用：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy3">&</span> r <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">max</span><span class="br0">(</span>n<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, n<span class="sy2">+</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// r 悬垂</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <string></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"larger of 1 and 9999: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">max</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">9999</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"larger of 'a', and 'b': "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">max</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">'a'</span>, <span class="st0">'b'</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"longest of <span class="es1">\"</span>foo<span class="es1">\"</span>, <span class="es1">\"</span>bar<span class="es1">\"</span>, and <span class="es1">\"</span>hello<span class="es1">\"</span>: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">max</span><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="st0">"foo"</span>, <span class="st0">"bar"</span>, <span class="st0">"hello"</span> <span class="br0">}</span>,
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<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> s1, <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> s2<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> s1.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><</span> s2.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">larger of 1 and 9999: 9999
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larger of 'a', and 'b': b
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longest of "foo", "bar", and "hello": hello</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
|
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-min.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>min</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回各给定值中的较小者<br />
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|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-minmax.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>minmax</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回两个元素的较小和较大者<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-max_element.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>max_element</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回范围内的最大元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-clamp.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>clamp</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</td>
|
|
<td>在一对边界值间夹逼一个值<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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