430 lines
22 KiB
HTML
430 lines
22 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>C++ 属性： nodiscard (C++17 起)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_language_attributes_nodiscard skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">C++ 属性：</span> nodiscard <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-language.html">language</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-language-attributes.html">attributes</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<p>若从并非转型到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span></span></span> 的<a href="cpp-language-expressions.html#.E5.BC.83.E5.80.BC.E8.A1.A8.E8.BE.BE.E5.BC.8F">弃值表达式</a>中，调用声明为 <code>nodiscard</code> 的函数，或调用按值返回声明为 <code>nodiscard</code> 的枚举或类的函数，则鼓励编译器发布警告。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95">语法</span></h3>
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<table class="t-sdsc-begin">
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<tr>
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<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-sdsc">
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<td><code><b>[[nodiscard]]</b></code></td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td class="t-sdsc-nopad"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-sdsc">
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<td><code><b>[[nodiscard(</b></code> <span class="t-spar">字符串字面量</span> <code><b>)]]</b></code></td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep"></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td><span class="t-spar">字符串字面量</span></td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>能用于解释结果不应被舍弃的理由的文本</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A7.A3.E9.87.8A">解释</span></h3>
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<p>出现在函数声明、枚举声明或类声明中。</p>
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<p>若从并非转型到 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span></span></span> 的<a href="cpp-language-expressions.html#.E5.BC.83.E5.80.BC.E8.A1.A8.E8.BE.BE.E5.BC.8F">弃值表达式</a>中，</p>
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<ul>
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<li>调用声明为 <code>nodiscard</code> 的函数，或</li>
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<li>调用按值返回声明为 <code>nodiscard</code> 的枚举或类的函数，或</li>
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<li>以<a href="cpp-language-explicit_cast.html">显式类型转换</a>或 <a href="cpp-language-static_cast.html"><tt>static_cast</tt></a> 形式调用声明为 <code>nodiscard</code> 的构造函数，或</li>
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<li>以<a href="cpp-language-explicit_cast.html">显式类型转换</a>或 <a href="cpp-language-static_cast.html"><tt>static_cast</tt></a> 形式构造声明为 <code>nodiscard</code> 的枚举或类的对象，</li>
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</ul>
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<p>则鼓励编译器发布警告。</p>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p>若指定了 <span class="t-spar">字符串字面量</span>，则它通常被包含于警告中。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">struct</span> <span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">[</span>nodiscard<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">]</span> error_info <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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error_info enable_missile_safety_mode<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> launch_missiles<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> test_missiles<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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enable_missile_safety_mode<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 编译器可在舍弃 nodiscard 值时发布警告</span>
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launch_missiles<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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error_info<span class="sy3">&</span> foo<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> f1<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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foo<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 并非按值返回 nodiscard 类型，无警告</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A0.87.E5.87.86.E5.BA.93">标准库</span></h3>
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<p>下列标准函数声明为带 <code>nodiscard</code> 属性：</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.88.86.E9.85.8D.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">分配函数</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-new-operator_new.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator new</span><span>operator new[]</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>分配函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-allocator-allocate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>allocate</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>分配未初始化的存储<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::allocator<T></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-allocator_traits-allocate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>allocate</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>用分配器分配未初始化的存储<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::allocator_traits<Alloc></code> 的公开静态成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-memory_resource-allocate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>allocate</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>分配内存<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::pmr::memory_resource</code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-polymorphic_allocator-allocate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>allocate</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>分配内存<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<T></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-scoped_allocator_adaptor-allocate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>allocate</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>用外层分配器分配未初始化存储<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::scoped_allocator_adaptor<OuterAlloc,InnerAlloc...></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.97.B4.E6.8E.A5.E8.AE.BF.E9.97.AE">间接访问</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-launder.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>launder</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指针优化屏障<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-assume_aligned.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>assume_aligned</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>告知编译器指针已对齐<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A3.80.E6.9F.A5.E6.98.AF.E5.90.A6.E4.B8.BA.E7.A9.BA.E7.9A.84.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">检查是否为空的函数</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-iterator-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-node_handle.html#empty"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查结点柄是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code><i>node handle</i></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-array-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::array<T,N></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-basic_string-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查字符串是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-basic_string_view-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查视图是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-deque-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::deque<T,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-forward_list-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::forward_list<T,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-list-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::list<T,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-map-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-regex-match_results-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查匹配是否成功<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::match_results<BidirIt,Alloc></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-multimap-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-multiset-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::multiset<Key,Compare,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-priority_queue-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查底层容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::priority_queue<T,Container,Compare></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-queue-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查底层容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::queue<T,Container></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-set-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::set<Key,Compare,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-span-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查序列是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::span<T,Extent></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-stack-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查底层容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::stack<T,Container></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-unordered_map-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::unordered_map<Key,T,Hash,KeyEqual,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
|
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-unordered_multimap-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::unordered_multimap<Key,T,Hash,KeyEqual,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-unordered_multiset-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::unordered_multiset<Key,Hash,KeyEqual,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-unordered_set-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::unordered_set<Key,Hash,KeyEqual,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::vector<T,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-filesystem-path-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>检查路径是否为空<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::filesystem::path</code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.9D.82.E9.A1.B9">杂项</span></h5>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-thread-async.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>async</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>异步运行一个函数（有可能在新线程中执行），并返回保有其结果的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-thread-future.html">std::future</a></span><br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BC.BA.E9.99.B7.E6.8A.A5.E5.91.8A">缺陷报告</span></h3>
|
|
<p>下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。</p>
|
|
<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>DR</th>
|
|
<th>应用于</th>
|
|
<th>出版时的行为</th>
|
|
<th>正确行为</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wg21.link/P1771R1">P1771R1</a></td>
|
|
<td>C++17</td>
|
|
<td>构造函数上的 <code>[[nodiscard]]</code> 无效果</td>
|
|
<td>若舍弃该对象则能导致警告</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin"></table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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