217 lines
24 KiB
HTML
217 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>std::basic_stringbuf<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::str</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_io_basic_stringbuf_str skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::basic_stringbuf<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::</span>str</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io.html">io</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-io-basic_stringbuf.html">basic stringbuf</a></span></div>
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<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits, Allocator<span class="sy1">></span> str<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits, Allocator<span class="sy1">></span> str<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span><span class="sy3">&</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits, Allocator<span class="sy1">></span> str<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> SAlloc<span class="sy3">&</span> a <span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits, Allocator<span class="sy1">></span> str<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy3">&&</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(3)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> str<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits, Allocator<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> s <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">void</span> str<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits, SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> s <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(5)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> str<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits, Allocator<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&&</span> s <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(6)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<p>获取和设置底层字符串。</p>
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<p>为解释目的,令 <code>buf_</code> 代表保有底层字符序列的内部 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html">std::basic_string</a></span> 对象。定义<i>缓冲指针初始化</i>如下:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>对于输入流( <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span><span class="br0">(</span>mode <span class="sy3">&</span> <a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><span class="kw1674">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">in</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> ),使 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">eback<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 指向首字符, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">gptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> eback<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ,而 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">egptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> eback<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> buf_.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> :后继输入将读取首个字符串的字符。</li>
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<li>对于输出流( <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span><span class="br0">(</span>mode <span class="sy3">&</span> <a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><span class="kw1675">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">out</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> ),使 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 指向首字符而 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">epptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">>=</span> pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> buf_.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> (允许 <code>epptr()</code> 指向更后,以令后随的 <code>sputc()</code> 不会立即调用 <code>overflow()</code> )</li>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>对于后附流( <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span><span class="br0">(</span>mode <span class="sy3">&</span> <a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><span class="kw1677">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ate</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> ),使 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">pptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> buf_.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ,从而后继输出将被后附到字符串的最后字符。</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<ul>
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<li>对于非后附输出流,使 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">pptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">==</span> pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ,从而后继输出将重写字符串的字符。</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 创建并返回保有此 <code>std::basic_stringbuf</code> 底层字符序列副本的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html">std::basic_string</a></span> 。对于仅输入流,返回的字符串含来自范围 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span>eback<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, egptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 的字符。对于输入/输出或仅输出流,含有 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 到序列中末字符的字符,不考虑 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">egptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 和 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">epptr<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。
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<p>为写入打开的缓冲区中的成员字符序列能为效率目的过分配。该情况下,仅返回<i>初始化的字符</i>:从构造函数 string 参数获得的字符、最近对 <code>str()</code> 的设置器重载的 string 参数的字符或来自写入操作的字符。典型的使用过分配的实现维护一个高水位指针,以跟踪缓冲区已初始化部分的结尾,而此重载返回从 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">pbase<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 到高水位指针的字符。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<p>等价于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">return</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits, Allocator<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>view<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, get_allocator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> 。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 同 <span class="t-v">(1)</span> ,除了用 <code>a</code> 构造返回的 <code>std::basic_string</code> 。等价于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">return</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, Traits, SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span>view<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, a<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> 。此重载仅若 <code>SAlloc</code> 满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Allocator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">分配器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Allocator)</span></a> 的要求才参与重载决议。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 创建 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html">std::basic_string</a></span> 对象,如同以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>buf_<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 初始化。可能需要首先调节 <code>buf_</code> 以使之含有同 <span class="t-v">(1)</span> 的内容。构造该 <code>std::basic_string</code> 对象后,设置 <code>buf_</code> 为空并进行缓冲指针初始化,然后返回 <code>std::basic_string</code> 对象。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> 如同用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">buf_ <span class="sy1">=</span> s</span></span> 替换底层字符序列,然后进行缓冲指针初始化。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5)</span> 同 <span class="t-v">(4)</span> ,除了 <code>s</code> 的分配器的类型不是 <code>Allocator</code> 。此重载仅若 <code>SAlloc</code> 与 <code>Allocator</code> 不是同一类型才参与重载决议。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">6)</span> 如同用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">buf_ <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 替换底层字符序列,然后进行缓冲指针初始化。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>s</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>保有替换字符序列的 <code>basic_string</code> 对象</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>a</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>返回的 <code>basic_string</code> 的所有内存分配所用的分配器</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-3)</span> 保有此缓冲的底层字符序列的 <code>basic_string</code> 对象。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4-6)</span> (无)</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>常通过 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_istringstream-str.html">std::basic_istringstream::str()</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_ostringstream-str.html">std::basic_ostringstream::str()</a></span> 或 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-basic_stringstream-str.html">std::basic_stringstream::str()</a></span> 访问此函数。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <sstream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> n<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_istringstream.html"><span class="kw1735">std::<span class="me2">istringstream</span></span></a> in<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 亦能用 in("1 2")</span>
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in.<span class="me1">rdbuf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>str<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"1 2"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 设置获取区</span>
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in <span class="sy1">>></span> n<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"after reading the first int from <span class="es1">\"</span>1 2<span class="es1">\"</span>, the int is "</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">", str() = <span class="es1">\"</span>"</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> in.<span class="me1">rdbuf</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">></span>str<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\"</span><span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 或 in.str()</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_ostringstream.html"><span class="kw1736">std::<span class="me2">ostringstream</span></span></a> out<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"1 2"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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out <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"after writing the int '3' to output stream <span class="es1">\"</span>1 2<span class="es1">\"</span>"</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">", str() = <span class="es1">\"</span>"</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> out.<span class="me1">str</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\"</span><span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_ostringstream.html"><span class="kw1736">std::<span class="me2">ostringstream</span></span></a> ate<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"1 2"</span>, <a href="cpp-io-ios_base-openmode.html"><span class="kw1677">std::<span class="me2">ios_base</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ate</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// C++11</span>
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ate <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"after writing the int '3' to append stream <span class="es1">\"</span>1 2<span class="es1">\"</span>"</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">", str() = <span class="es1">\"</span>"</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> ate.<span class="me1">str</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\"</span><span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">after reading the first int from "1 2", the int is 1, str() = "1 2"
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after writing the int '3' to output stream "1 2", str() = "3 2"
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after writing the int '3' to append stream "1 2", str() = "1 23"</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-basic_stringstream-str.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>str</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>获取或设置底层字符串设备对象的内容<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::basic_stringstream<CharT,Traits,Allocator></code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-io-basic_stringbuf-view.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>view</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>获得底层字符序列上的视图<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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