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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::ranges::</span>nth_element</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">&lt; <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>&lrm; | <a href="cpp-algorithm.html">algorithm</a>&lrm; | <a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges.html">ranges</a></span></div>
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<div>&#23450;&#20041;&#20110;&#22836;&#25991;&#20214; <code><a href="cpp-header-algorithm.html">&lt;algorithm&gt;</a></code></div>
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<div>&#35843;&#29992;&#31614;&#21517;</div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">random_access_iterator</span> I, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sentinel_for</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span>I<span class="sy1">&gt;</span> S,<br /></span>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="kw1">class</span> Comp <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">less</span>, <span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span> <span class="sy1">&gt;</span><br />
requires &nbsp;std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sortable</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span>I, Comp, Proj<span class="sy1">&gt;</span><br />
<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> I<br /></p>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; nth_element<span class="br0">(</span> I first, I nth, S last, Comp comp <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td>(1)</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 &#36215;)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">random_access_range</span> R, <span class="kw1">class</span> Comp <span class="sy1">=</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">less</span>,<br /></span>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="kw1">class</span> Proj <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">identity</span> <span class="sy1">&gt;</span><br />
requires &nbsp;std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">sortable</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span>iterator_t<span class="sy1">&lt;</span>R<span class="sy1">&gt;</span>, Comp, Proj<span class="sy1">&gt;</span><br />
<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">borrowed_iterator_t</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span>R<span class="sy1">&gt;</span><br /></p>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; nth_element<span class="br0">(</span> R<span class="sy3">&amp;&amp;</span> r, iterator_t<span class="sy1">&lt;</span>R<span class="sy1">&gt;</span> nth, Comp comp <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, Proj proj <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 &#36215;)</span></td>
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<p>&#37325;&#25490; <code>[first, last)</code> &#20013;&#30340;&#20803;&#32032;&#20351;&#24471;&#65306;</p>
<ul>
<li><code>nth</code> &#25152;&#25351;&#21521;&#30340;&#20803;&#32032;&#34987;&#26356;&#25913;&#20026;&#20551;&#35774; <code>[first, last)</code> &#25353;&#29031; <code>comp</code> &#19982; <code>proj</code> &#25490;&#24207;&#21017;&#20250;&#22312;&#35813;&#20301;&#32622;&#20986;&#29616;&#30340;&#20803;&#32032;&#12290;</li>
<li>&#25152;&#26377;&#22312;&#27492;&#26032;&#30340; <code><b>nth</b></code> &#20803;&#32032;&#21069;&#30340;&#20803;&#32032;<i>&#23567;&#20110;&#25110;&#31561;&#20110;</i>&#26032;&#30340; <code>nth</code> &#21518;&#30340;&#20803;&#32032;&#12290;&#21363;&#23545;&#20110;&#27599;&#20010;&#20998;&#21035;&#22312;&#33539;&#22260; <code>[first, nth)</code> &#19982; <code>[nth, last)</code> &#20013;&#30340;&#36845;&#20195;&#22120; <i>i</i> &#19982; <i>j</i> &#65292;&#34920;&#36798;&#24335; <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>comp, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>proj, <span class="sy2">*</span>j<span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-invoke.html"><span class="kw1058">std::<span class="me2">invoke</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>proj, <span class="sy2">*</span>i<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> &#27714;&#20540;&#20026; <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">false</span></span></span>.</li>
<li>&#33509; <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">nth <span class="sy1">==</span> last</span></span> &#21017;&#27492;&#20989;&#25968;&#26080;&#25928;&#26524;&#12290;</li>
</ul>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> &#29992;&#32473;&#23450;&#30340;&#20108;&#20803;&#27604;&#36739;&#20989;&#25968;&#23545;&#35937; <code>comp</code> &#19982;&#25237;&#24433;&#23545;&#35937; <code>proj</code> &#27604;&#36739;&#20803;&#32032;&#12290;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> &#21516; <span class="t-v">(1)</span> &#65292;&#20294;&#20197; <code>r</code> &#20026;&#33539;&#22260;&#65292;&#22914;&#21516;&#20197; <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> &#20026; <code>first</code> &#24182;&#20197; <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">end</span><span class="br0">(</span>r<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> &#20026; <code>last</code> &#12290;</div>
<p>&#27492;&#39029;&#38754;&#19978;&#25551;&#36848;&#30340;&#20223;&#20989;&#25968;&#23454;&#20307;&#26159; <i>niebloid</i> &#65292;&#21363;&#65306;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#35843;&#29992;&#23427;&#20204;&#20013;&#30340;&#20219;&#20309;&#19968;&#32773;&#26102;&#19981;&#21487;&#25351;&#23450;&#26174;&#24335;&#27169;&#26495;&#23454;&#21442;&#12290;</li>
<li>&#23427;&#20204;&#26080;&#19968;&#23545;<a href="cpp-language-adl.html">&#23454;&#21442;&#20381;&#36182;&#26597;&#25214;</a>&#21487;&#35265;&#12290;</li>
<li>&#22312;<a href="cpp-language-unqualified_lookup.html">&#36890;&#24120;&#26080;&#38480;&#23450;&#26597;&#25214;</a>&#23547;&#25214;&#20989;&#25968;&#35843;&#29992;&#36816;&#31639;&#31526;&#24038;&#20391;&#30340;&#21517;&#31216;&#25214;&#21040;&#23427;&#20204;&#20043;&#19968;&#26102;&#65292;&#23427;&#31105;&#27490;<a href="cpp-language-adl.html">&#23454;&#21442;&#20381;&#36182;&#26597;&#25214;</a>&#12290;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#23454;&#38469;&#19978;&#65292;&#23427;&#20204;&#33021;&#20197;&#20989;&#25968;&#23545;&#35937;&#65292;&#25110;&#20197;&#26576;&#20123;&#29305;&#27530;&#32534;&#35793;&#22120;&#25193;&#23637;&#23454;&#29616;&#12290;</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">&#21442;&#25968;</span></h3>
<table class="t-par-begin">
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<td>first, last</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>&#35201;&#37325;&#25490;&#24207;&#30340;&#20803;&#32032;&#33539;&#22260;</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>r</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>&#35201;&#37325;&#25490;&#24207;&#30340;&#20803;&#32032;&#33539;&#22260;</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>nth</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>&#23450;&#20041;&#21010;&#20998;&#28857;&#30340;&#36845;&#20195;&#22120;</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>comp</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>&#29992;&#20110;&#27604;&#36739;&#25237;&#24433;&#21518;&#20803;&#32032;&#30340;&#27604;&#36739;&#22120;</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>proj</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>&#24212;&#29992;&#21040;&#20803;&#32032;&#30340;&#25237;&#24433;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">&#36820;&#22238;&#20540;</span></h3>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> &#31561;&#20110; <code>last</code> &#30340;&#36845;&#20195;&#22120;&#12290;</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> &#33509; <code>r</code> &#20026;&#24038;&#20540;&#25110;&#25317;&#26377; <a href="cpp-ranges-borrowed_range.html"><code>borrowed_range</code></a> &#31867;&#22411;&#21017;&#21516; <span class="t-v">(1)</span> &#12290;&#21542;&#21017;&#36820;&#22238; <span class="t-lc">std::ranges::dangling</span> &#12290;</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">&#22797;&#26434;&#24230;</span></h3>
<p>&#24179;&#22343;&#19982; <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ranges<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">distance</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, last<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> &#25104;&#32447;&#24615;&#12290;</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">&#27880;&#35299;</span></h3>
<p>&#20351;&#29992;&#30340;&#31639;&#27861;&#24120;&#20026;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introselect" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Introselect">&#20869;&#30465;&#36873;&#25321;</a>&#65292;&#23613;&#31649;&#20801;&#35768;&#20854;&#20182;&#25317;&#26377;&#36866;&#21512;&#30340;&#24179;&#22343;&#24773;&#20917;&#22797;&#26434;&#24230;&#30340;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_algorithm" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Selection algorithm">&#36873;&#25321;&#31639;&#27861;</a>&#12290;</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.AF.E8.83.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9E.E7.8E.B0">&#21487;&#33021;&#30340;&#23454;&#29616;</span></h3>
<p>&#21442;&#38405; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/microsoft/STL/blob/e745bad3b1d05b5b19ec652d68abb37865ffa454/stl/inc/algorithm#L8429-L8499">MSVC STL</a> &#19982; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc/blob/54258e22b0846aaa6bd3265f592feb161eecda75/libstdc%2B%2B-v3/include/bits/ranges_algo.h#L2052-L2080">libstdc++</a> &#20013;&#30340;&#23454;&#29616;&#12290;</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">&#31034;&#20363;</span></h3>
<div class="t-example">
<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
<div class="cpp source-cpp">
<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include &lt;algorithm&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;array&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;functional&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;ranges&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;string_view&gt;</span>
<span class="kw4">void</span> print<span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-string-basic_string_view.html"><span class="kw1248">std::<span class="me2">string_view</span></span></a> rem, std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">input_range</span> <span class="kw4">auto</span> <span class="kw4">const</span><span class="sy3">&amp;</span> a<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> rem<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">auto</span> e <span class="sy4">:</span> a<span class="br0">)</span>
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> e <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;<span class="es1">\n</span>&quot;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<a href="cpp-container-array.html"><span class="kw1268">std::<span class="me2">array</span></span></a> v<span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="nu0">6</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">6</span>, <span class="nu0">7</span>, <span class="nu0">9</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
print<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">&quot;Before nth_element: &quot;</span>, v<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">nth_element</span><span class="br0">(</span>v, v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> v.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
print<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">&quot;After nth_element: &quot;</span>, v<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;The median is: &quot;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> v<span class="br0">[</span>v.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&#39;<span class="es1">\n</span>&#39;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">nth_element</span><span class="br0">(</span>v, v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu0">1</span>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-greater.html"><span class="kw1037">std::<span class="me2">greater</span></span></a><span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
print<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">&quot;After nth_element: &quot;</span>, v<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;The second largest element is: &quot;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> v<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&#39;<span class="es1">\n</span>&#39;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;The largest element is: &quot;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> v<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;<span class="es1">\n</span><span class="es1">\n</span>&quot;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">using</span> <span class="kw1">namespace</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">literals</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="cpp-container-array.html"><span class="kw1268">std::<span class="me2">array</span></span></a> names <span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="st0">&quot;Diva&quot;</span>sv, <span class="st0">&quot;Cornelius&quot;</span>sv, <span class="st0">&quot;Munro&quot;</span>sv, <span class="st0">&quot;Rhod&quot;</span>sv,
<span class="st0">&quot;Zorg&quot;</span>sv, <span class="st0">&quot;Korben&quot;</span>sv, <span class="st0">&quot;Bender&quot;</span>sv, <span class="st0">&quot;Leeloo&quot;</span>sv,
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
print<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">&quot;Before nth_element: &quot;</span>, names<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">auto</span> fifth_element <span class="br0">{</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">next</span><span class="br0">(</span>names.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">nth_element</span><span class="br0">(</span>names, fifth_element<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
print<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">&quot;After nth_element: &quot;</span>, names<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;The 5th element is: &quot;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>fifth_element <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&#39;<span class="es1">\n</span>&#39;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
</div>
<p>&#36755;&#20986;&#65306;</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
<div class="text source-text">
<pre class="de1">Before nth_element: 5 6 4 3 2 6 7 9 3
After nth_element: 2 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 9
The median is: 5
After nth_element: 9 7 6 6 5 4 3 3 2
The second largest element is: 7
The largest element is: 9
Before nth_element: Diva Cornelius Munro Rhod Zorg Korben Bender Leeloo
After nth_element: Diva Cornelius Bender Korben Leeloo Rhod Munro Zorg
The 5th element is: Leeloo</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">&#21442;&#38405;</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-max_element.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::max_element</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>&#36820;&#22238;&#33539;&#22260;&#20013;&#30340;&#26368;&#22823;&#20803;&#32032;<br />
<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-min_element.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::min_element</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>&#36820;&#22238;&#33539;&#22260;&#20013;&#30340;&#26368;&#23567;&#20803;&#32032;<br />
<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-partition.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::partition</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>&#23558;&#33539;&#22260;&#20013;&#30340;&#20803;&#32032;&#20998;&#20026;&#20108;&#32452;<br />
<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-ranges-partial_sort.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::partial_sort</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>&#25490;&#24207;&#19968;&#20010;&#33539;&#22260;&#30340;&#21069; N &#20010;&#20803;&#32032;<br />
<span class="t-mark">(niebloid)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-nth_element.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>nth_element</span></span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td>&#23558;&#32473;&#23450;&#30340;&#33539;&#22260;&#37096;&#20998;&#25490;&#24207;&#65292;&#30830;&#20445;&#20854;&#25353;&#32473;&#23450;&#20803;&#32032;&#21010;&#20998;<br />
<span class="t-mark">(&#20989;&#25968;&#27169;&#26495;)</span></td>
</tr>
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