457 lines
22 KiB
HTML
457 lines
22 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>错误处理</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_error skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">错误处理</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86">异常处理</span></h3>
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<p>头文件 <code><exception></code> 提供数个关联于 C++ 程序中异常处理的类与函数。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-exception.html"><exception></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-exception.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>exception</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>标准库组件抛出的各种异常的基类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1.E7.9A.84.E6.8D.95.E8.8E.B7.E4.B8.8E.E5.AD.98.E5.82.A8">异常对象的捕获与存储</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-uncaught_exception.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>uncaught_exception</span><span>uncaught_exceptions</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查当前是否正在进行异常处理<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-exception_ptr.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>exception_ptr</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>用于处理异常对象的共享指针类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-make_exception_ptr.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>make_exception_ptr</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从异常对象创建一个<span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-exception_ptr.html">std::exception_ptr</a></span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-current_exception.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>current_exception</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>捕获当前异常到 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-exception_ptr.html">std::exception_ptr</a></span> 之中<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-rethrow_exception.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>rethrow_exception</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>从一个 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-exception_ptr.html">std::exception_ptr</a></span> 抛出异常<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-nested_exception.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>nested_exception</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>用于捕获并存储当前异常的混入类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-throw_with_nested.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>throw_with_nested</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>抛出实参，带上混入的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-nested_exception.html">std::nested_exception</a></span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-rethrow_if_nested.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>rethrow_if_nested</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>抛出 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-nested_exception.html">std::nested_exception</a></span> 中的异常<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.B1.E8.B4.A5.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86">异常处理中的失败处理</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-exception.html"><exception></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>terminate</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>异常处理失败时调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-terminate_handler.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>terminate_handler</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html">std::terminate</a></span> 所调用的函数类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-get_terminate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>get_terminate</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>获得当前的 terminate_handler<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-set_terminate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>set_terminate</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>更改将被 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html">std::terminate</a></span> 调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-bad_exception.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>bad_exception</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>当 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-current_exception.html">std::current_exception</a></span> 无法复制异常对象时抛出的异常<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8.E8.A7.84.E5.AE.9A.E8.BF.9D.E8.A7.84.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86.EF.BC.88_C.2B.2B17_.E4.B8.AD.E7.A7.BB.E9.99.A4.EF.BC.89">异常规定违规处理（ C++17 中移除）</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-unexpected.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>unexpected</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 中移除)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>违背动态异常说明时调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-unexpected_handler.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>unexpected_handler</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 中移除)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-unexpected.html">std::unexpected</a></span> 所调用的函数类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-get_unexpected.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>get_unexpected</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 中移除)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>获得当前的 unexpected_handler<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-set_unexpected.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>set_unexpected</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 中移除)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>更改要被 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-unexpected.html">std::unexpected</a></span> 调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8.E7.B1.BB.E5.88.AB">异常类别</span></h4>
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<p>数个便利异常类预定义于头文件 <code><stdexcept></code> 以报告特定的错误条件。这些类可分为二个类别：<i>逻辑</i>错误与<i>运行时</i>错误。逻辑错误是程序中错误逻辑的后果，而且可以避免。运行时错误来源于程序作用域以外的事件，且无法简单预测。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-stdexcept.html"><stdexcept></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-logic_error.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>logic_error</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指示违背逻辑前提条件或类不变量的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-invalid_argument.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>invalid_argument</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>报告非法参数的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-domain_error.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>domain_error</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>报告定义域错误的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-length_error.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>length_error</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>报告试图超出最大允许大小的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-out_of_range.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>out_of_range</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>报告参数落在期待范围外的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-runtime_error.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>runtime_error</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指示条件只可于运行时检测的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-range_error.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>range_error</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>报告内部计算中值域错误的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-overflow_error.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>overflow_error</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>报告算术上溢的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-underflow_error.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>underflow_error</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>报告算术下溢的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-tx_exception.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>tx_exception</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-tm-ts t-mark-ts">(TM TS)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>取消原子事务的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.94.99.E8.AF.AF.E5.8F.B7">错误号</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-cerrno.html"><cerrno></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-errno.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>errno</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>展开成 POSIX 兼容的线程局域错误号变量的宏<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏变量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-errno_macros.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>E2BIG, EACCES, ..., EXDEV</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>兼容标准 POSIX 的错误条件的宏<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.96.AD.E8.A8.80">断言</span></h3>
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<p>帮助实现程序中前置条件检查的断言。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-cassert.html"><cassert></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-assert.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>assert</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>若用户指定的条件非 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> 则中断程序。可以在发行构建中禁用<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E9.94.99.E8.AF.AF">系统错误</span></h3>
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<p>头文件 <code><system_error></code> 定义用于报告源于操作系统、流 I/O 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-thread-future.html">std::future</a></span> 或其他低层 API 的错误条件的类型和函数。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-system_error.html"><system_error></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-error_category.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>error_category</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>错误类别的基类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-generic_category.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>generic_category</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>鉴别通用错误类别<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-system_category.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>system_category</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>鉴别操作系统错误类别<br />
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|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-error_condition.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>error_condition</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>保有可移植的错误码<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-errc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>errc</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>列出所有标准 <a href="cpp-header-cerrno.html"><tt><cerrno></tt></a> 宏常量的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-error_condition.html">std::error_condition</a></span> 枚举<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>error_code</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>保有依赖于平台的错误码<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
|
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-error-system_error.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>system_error</span></span></a></div>
|
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>用于报告拥有 error_code 的错误条件的异常类<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><a href="cpp-language-static_assert.html"><code>static_assert</code> 声明</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td>
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<td>进行编译时断言检查</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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