172 lines
11 KiB
HTML
172 lines
11 KiB
HTML
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::vector<T,Allocator>::push_back</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_container_vector_push_back skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-page-template cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::vector<T,Allocator>::</span>push_back</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container.html">container</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container-vector.html">vector</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<div class="t-page-template" style="">
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<p></p>
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<tbody></tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-until-cxx20">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> push_back<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx20">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">constexpr</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> push_back<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> T<span class="sy3">&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(2)</td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11 t-until-cxx20">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> push_back<span class="br0">(</span> T<span class="sy3">&&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">constexpr</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> push_back<span class="br0">(</span> T<span class="sy3">&&</span> value <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tbody>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>后附给定元素 <code>value</code> 到容器尾。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 初始化新元素为 <code>value</code> 的副本。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 移动 <code>value</code> 进新元素。</div>
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<p>若新的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-size.html">size()</a></span> 大于 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-capacity.html">capacity()</a></span> ,则所有迭代器和引用(包含尾后迭代器)都被非法化。否则仅尾后迭代器被非法化。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>value</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要后附的元素值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-hitem">
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<td colspan="3">类型要求</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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为使用重载 (1) , <code>T</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyInsertable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制插入</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyInsertable)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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为使用重载 (2) , <code>T</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-MoveInsertable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可移动插入</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(MoveInsertable)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>(无)</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<p>均摊常数。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>若抛出异常(可能因为 <code>Allocator::allocate()</code> 或元素复制/移动构造函数/赋值),则此函数无效果(强异常保证)。</p>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<p>若 <code>T</code> 的移动构造函数不是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">noexcept</span></span></span> 且 T 不<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyInsertable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制插入</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyInsertable)</span></a> 到 <code>*this</code> ,则 vector 将使用会抛出的移动构造函数。若它抛出,则抛弃保证且效果未指定。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>一些实现在 <code>push_back</code> 导致会超出 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-max_size.html">max_size</a></span> 的重分配时亦抛出 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-length_error.html">std::length_error</a></span> ,由于这会隐式调用 <span class="t-lc">reserve(size()+1)</span> 的等价者。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iomanip></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> letters<span class="sy4">;</span>
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letters.<span class="me1">push_back</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"abc"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a> s <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">"def"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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letters.<span class="me1">push_back</span><span class="br0">(</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">move</span><span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"vector holds: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span><span class="sy3">&&</span> i <span class="sy4">:</span> letters<span class="br0">)</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-quoted.html"><span class="kw1802">std::<span class="me2">quoted</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>i<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>Moved-from string holds "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-quoted.html"><span class="kw1802">std::<span class="me2">quoted</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">vector holds: "abc" "def"
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Moved-from string holds ""</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-emplace_back.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>emplace_back</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>在容器末尾就地构造元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-pop_back.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>pop_back</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>移除末元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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