247 lines
27 KiB
HTML
247 lines
27 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::regex_replace</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_regex_regex_replace skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>regex_replace</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-regex.html">regex</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-regex.html"><regex></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> OutputIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> BidirIt,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> Traits, <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT,<br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> STraits, <span class="kw1">class</span> SAlloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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OutputIt regex_replace<span class="br0">(</span> OutputIt out, BidirIt first, BidirIt last,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html"><span class="kw1999">std::<span class="me2">basic_regex</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> re,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,STraits,SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> fmt,<br />
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2037">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_flag_type</span></span></a> flags <span class="sy1">=</span><br /></p>
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2038">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_default</span></span></a> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> OutputIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> BidirIt,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> Traits, <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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OutputIt regex_replace<span class="br0">(</span> OutputIt out, BidirIt first, BidirIt last,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html"><span class="kw1999">std::<span class="me2">basic_regex</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> re,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> CharT<span class="sy2">*</span> fmt,<br />
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2037">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_flag_type</span></span></a> flags <span class="sy1">=</span><br /></p>
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2038">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_default</span></span></a> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Traits, <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> STraits, <span class="kw1">class</span> SAlloc,<br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> FTraits, <span class="kw1">class</span> FAlloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,STraits,SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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regex_replace<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,STraits,SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> s,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html"><span class="kw1999">std::<span class="me2">basic_regex</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> re,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,FTraits,FAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> fmt,<br />
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2037">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_flag_type</span></span></a> flags <span class="sy1">=</span><br /></p>
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2038">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_default</span></span></a> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(3)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Traits, <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> STraits, <span class="kw1">class</span> SAlloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,STraits,SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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regex_replace<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,STraits,SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> s,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html"><span class="kw1999">std::<span class="me2">basic_regex</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> re,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> CharT<span class="sy2">*</span> fmt,<br />
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2037">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_flag_type</span></span></a> flags <span class="sy1">=</span><br /></p>
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2038">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_default</span></span></a> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Traits, <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> STraits, <span class="kw1">class</span> SAlloc <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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regex_replace<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> CharT<span class="sy2">*</span> s,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html"><span class="kw1999">std::<span class="me2">basic_regex</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> re,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,STraits,SAlloc<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> fmt,<br />
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2037">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_flag_type</span></span></a> flags <span class="sy1">=</span><br /></p>
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2038">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_default</span></span></a> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(5)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> Traits, <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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regex_replace<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> CharT<span class="sy2">*</span> s,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html"><span class="kw1999">std::<span class="me2">basic_regex</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT,Traits<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> re,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> CharT<span class="sy2">*</span> fmt,<br />
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2037">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_flag_type</span></span></a> flags <span class="sy1">=</span><br /></p>
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<a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="kw2038">std::<span class="me2">regex_constants</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">match_default</span></span></a> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(6)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<p><code>regex_replace</code> 用正则表达式进行字符序列的替换：</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 复制 <code>[first,last)</code> 中的字符到 <code>out</code> ，以 <code>re</code> 所格式化的字符替换任何匹配 <code>fmt</code> 的序列。换言之：</div>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>如同以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-regex-regex_iterator.html"><span class="kw2014">std::<span class="me2">regex_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>BidirIt, CharT, traits<span class="sy1">></span> i<span class="br0">(</span>first, last, re, flags<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 构造 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-regex-regex_iterator.html">std::regex_iterator</a></span> 对象 <code>i</code> ，并用它在序列 <code>[first,last)</code> 内前进通过每个 <code>re</code> 的匹配。</li>
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<li>对于每个匹配 <code>m</code> ，如同用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">out <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-algorithm-copy.html"><span class="kw1582">std::<span class="me2">copy</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>m.<span class="me1">prefix</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">first</span>, m.<span class="me1">prefix</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">second</span>, out<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 复制非匹配子序列（ <a href="cpp-regex-match_results-prefix.html"><code>m.prefix()</code></a> ）到 <code>out</code> ，然后如同通过调用 <a href="cpp-regex-match_results-format.html"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">out <span class="sy1">=</span> m.<span class="me1">format</span><span class="br0">(</span>out, fmt, flags<span class="br0">)</span></span></span></a> ，以格式化替换字符串替换匹配的子序列。</li>
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<li>找不到更多匹配时，如同用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">out <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-algorithm-copy.html"><span class="kw1582">std::<span class="me2">copy</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>last_m.<span class="me1">suffix</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">first</span>, last_m.<span class="me1">suffix</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">second</span>, out<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 复制剩余的非匹配字符到 <code>out</code> ，其中 <code>last_m</code> 是找到的最后匹配的副本。</li>
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<li>若无匹配，则原态地复制整个序列到 <code>out</code> ，以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">out <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-algorithm-copy.html"><span class="kw1582">std::<span class="me2">copy</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>first, last, out<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</li>
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<li>若 <code>flags</code> 含有 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html">std::regex_constants::format_no_copy</a></span> ，则不复制非匹配的子序列到 <code>out</code> 。</li>
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<li>若 <code>flags</code> 含有 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html">std::regex_constants::format_first_only</a></span> ，则只替换首个匹配。</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 同 1) ，但如同以调用 <a href="cpp-regex-match_results-format.html"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">out <span class="sy1">=</span> m.<span class="me1">format</span><span class="br0">(</span>out, fmt, fmt <span class="sy2">+</span> char_traits<span class="sy1"><</span>charT<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">length</span><span class="br0">(</span>fmt<span class="br0">)</span>, flags<span class="br0">)</span></span></span></a> 进行格式化替换。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-4)</span> 构造 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT, ST, SA<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 类型空字符串 <code>result</code> ，并调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">regex_replace</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-iterator-back_inserter.html"><span class="kw665">std::<span class="me2">back_inserter</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>result<span class="br0">)</span>, s.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, s.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, re, fmt, flags<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5-6)</span> 构造 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1228">std::<span class="me2">basic_string</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT<span class="sy1">></span></span></span> 类型空字符串 <code>result</code> 并调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">regex_replace</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-iterator-back_inserter.html"><span class="kw665">std::<span class="me2">back_inserter</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>result<span class="br0">)</span>, s, s <span class="sy2">+</span> <a href="cpp-string-char_traits.html"><span class="kw1267">std::<span class="me2">char_traits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>CharT<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">length</span><span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">)</span>, re, fmt, flags<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>以一对迭代器表示的输入字符序列</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>s</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>以 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html">std::basic_string</a></span> 或字符数组表示的输入字符序列</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>re</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>将与输入序列匹配的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html">std::basic_regex</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>flags</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html">std::regex_constants::match_flag_type</a></span> 类型的匹配标志</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>fmt</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>正则表达式替换格式字符串，准确语法依赖于 <code>flags</code> 的值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>out</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>存储替换结果的输出迭代器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-hitem">
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<td colspan="3">类型要求</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>OutputIt</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-OutputIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式输出迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyOutputIterator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>BidirIt</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-BidirectionalIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式双向迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyBidirectionalIterator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-2)</span> 返回输出迭代器 <code>out</code> 在所有插入后的副本。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3-6)</span> 返回含有输出的字符串 <code>result</code> 。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>可能抛出指示<a href="cpp-regex-error_type.html">错误条件</a>的 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-regex-regex_error.html">std::regex_error</a></span> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iterator></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <regex></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <string></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a> text <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">"Quick brown fox"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html"><span class="kw2000">std::<span class="me2">regex</span></span></a> vowel_re<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"a|e|i|o|u"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 写结果到输出迭代器</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">regex_replace</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-iterator-ostreambuf_iterator.html"><span class="kw671">std::<span class="me2">ostreambuf_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span>,
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text.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, text.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, vowel_re, <span class="st0">"*"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 构造保有结果的字符串</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">regex_replace</span><span class="br0">(</span>text, vowel_re, <span class="st0">"[$&]"</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Q**ck br*wn f*x
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Q[u][i]ck br[o]wn f[o]x</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-regex-regex_search.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>regex_search</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>尝试匹配一个正则表达式到字符序列的任何部分<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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|
<div><a href="cpp-regex-match_flag_type.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>match_flag_type</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>特定于匹配的选项<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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