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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/index.html">Python的新变化</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html">Python 3.8 有什么新变化</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#deprecated">弃用</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#api-and-feature-removals">API 与特性的移除</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#porting-to-python-3-8">移植到 Python 3.8</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-python-behavior">Python 行为的改变</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-the-python-api">Python API 的变化</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-the-c-api">C API 的变化</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#cpython-bytecode-changes">CPython 字节码的改变</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#demos-and-tools">演示和工具</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-1">Python 3.8.1 中的重要变化</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-2">Python 3.8.2 中的重要变化</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-3">Python 3.8.3 中的重要变化</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-8">Python 3.8.8 中的重要变化</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-9">Python 3.8.9 中的重要变化</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-10">Python 3.8.10 中的重要变化</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#macos-11-0-big-sur-and-apple-silicon-mac-support">macOS 11.0 (Big Sur) 与 Apple Silicon Mac 支持</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#id1">Python 3.8.10 中的重要变化</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#urllib-parse">urllib.parse</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-8-12">Python 3.8.12 中的重要变化</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#id2">Python API 的变化</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-security-feature-in-3-8-14">3.8.14 中的重要安全特性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-3-8-17">Notable Changes in 3.8.17</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#id3">tarfile</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.8.html#notable-changes-in-3-8-20">Notable changes in 3.8.20</a><ul>
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|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html">Python 3.7 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#summary-release-highlights">摘要 - 发布重点</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#new-features">新的特性</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-563-postponed-evaluation-of-annotations">PEP 563：延迟的标注求值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-538-legacy-c-locale-coercion">PEP 538: 传统 C 区域强制转换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-540-forced-utf-8-runtime-mode">PEP 540: 强制 UTF-8 运行时模式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-553-built-in-breakpoint">PEP 553: 内置的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">breakpoint()</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-539-new-c-api-for-thread-local-storage">PEP 539: 用于线程局部存储的新 C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-562-customization-of-access-to-module-attributes">PEP 562: 定制对模块属性的访问</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-564-new-time-functions-with-nanosecond-resolution">PEP 564: 具有纳秒级精度的新时间函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-565-show-deprecationwarning-in-main">PEP 565: 在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__main__</span></code> 中显示 DeprecationWarning</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-560-core-support-for-typing-module-and-generic-types">PEP 560: 对 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing</span></code> 模块和泛型类型的核心支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-552-hash-based-pyc-files">PEP 552: 基于哈希值的 .pyc 文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-545-python-documentation-translations">PEP 545: Python 文档翻译</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#development-runtime-mode-x-dev">开发运行时模式: -X dev</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#new-modules">新增模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#contextvars">contextvars</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#dataclasses">dataclasses</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#importlib-resources">importlib.resources</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#improved-modules">改进的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#argparse">argparse</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#asyncio">asyncio</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#binascii">binascii</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#calendar">calendar</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#collections">collections</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#compileall">compileall</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#concurrent-futures">concurrent.futures</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#contextlib">contextlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#cprofile">cProfile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#crypt">crypt</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#datetime">datetime</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#dbm">dbm</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#decimal">decimal</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#dis">dis</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#distutils">distutils</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#enum">enum</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#functools">functools</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#gc">gc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#hmac">hmac</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#http-client">http.client</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#http-server">http.server</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#idlelib-and-idle">idlelib 与 IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#importlib">importlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#io">io</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#ipaddress">ipaddress</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#itertools">itertools</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#locale">locale</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#logging">logging</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#math">math</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#mimetypes">mimetypes</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#msilib">msilib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#multiprocessing">multiprocessing</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#os">os</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pathlib">pathlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pdb">pdb</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#py-compile">py_compile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#pydoc">pydoc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#queue">queue</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#re">re</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#signal">signal</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#socket">socket</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#socketserver">socketserver</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#sqlite3">sqlite3</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#ssl">ssl</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#string">string</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#subprocess">subprocess</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#sys">sys</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#time">time</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#tkinter">tkinter</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#tracemalloc">tracemalloc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#types">types</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#unicodedata">unicodedata</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#unittest">unittest</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#unittest-mock">unittest.mock</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#urllib-parse">urllib.parse</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#uu">uu</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#uuid">uuid</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#warnings">warnings</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#xml-etree">xml.etree</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#xmlrpc-server">xmlrpc.server</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#zipapp">zipapp</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#zipfile">zipfile</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#c-api-changes">C API 的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#build-changes">构建的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#other-cpython-implementation-changes">其他 CPython 实现的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#deprecated-python-behavior">已弃用的 Python 行为</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#deprecated-python-modules-functions-and-methods">已弃用的 Python 模块、函数和方法</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#aifc">aifc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#whatsnew37-asyncio-deprecated">asyncio</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id3">collections</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id4">dbm</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id5">enum</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#gettext">gettext</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id6">importlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id7">locale</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#macpath">macpath</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#threading">threading</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id8">socket</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id9">ssl</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#sunau">sunau</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id10">sys</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#wave">wave</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#deprecated-functions-and-types-of-the-c-api">已弃用的 C API 函数和类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#platform-support-removals">平台支持的移除</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#api-and-feature-removals">API 与特性的移除</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#module-removals">移除的模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#windows-only-changes">Windows 专属的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#porting-to-python-3-7">移植到 Python 3.7</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#changes-in-python-behavior">Python 行为的更改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#changes-in-the-python-api">Python API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#changes-in-the-c-api">C API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#cpython-bytecode-changes">CPython 字节码的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id12">Windows 专属的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#id13">其他 CPython 实现的改变</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-7-1">Python 3.7.1 中的重要变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-7-2">Python 3.7.2 中的重要变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-7-6">Python 3.7.6 中的重要变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.7.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-7-10">Python 3.7.10 中的重要变化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html">Python 3.6 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#summary-release-highlights">摘要 -- 发布重点</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#new-features">新的特性</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-498-formatted-string-literals">PEP 498: 格式化字符串字面值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-526-syntax-for-variable-annotations">PEP 526: 变量标注的语法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-515-underscores-in-numeric-literals">PEP 515: 数字字面值中的下划线。</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-525-asynchronous-generators">PEP 525: 异步生成器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-530-asynchronous-comprehensions">PEP 530: 异步推导式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-487-simpler-customization-of-class-creation">PEP 487: 更简单的自定义类创建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-487-descriptor-protocol-enhancements">PEP 487: 描述器协议的增强</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-519-adding-a-file-system-path-protocol">PEP 519: 添加文件系统路径协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-495-local-time-disambiguation">PEP 495: 消除本地时间的歧义</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-529-change-windows-filesystem-encoding-to-utf-8">PEP 529: 将 Windows 文件系统编码格式更改为 UTF-8</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-528-change-windows-console-encoding-to-utf-8">PEP 528: 将 Windows 控制台编码格式更改为 UTF-8</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-520-preserving-class-attribute-definition-order">PEP 520: 保留类属性定义顺序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-468-preserving-keyword-argument-order">PEP 468: 保留关键字参数顺序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#new-dict-implementation">新的 <span class="xref std std-ref">dict</span> 实现</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-523-adding-a-frame-evaluation-api-to-cpython">PEP 523: 向 CPython 添加帧求值 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pythonmalloc-environment-variable">PYTHONMALLOC 环境变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#dtrace-and-systemtap-probing-support">DTrace 和 SystemTap 探测支持</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#new-modules">新增模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#secrets">secrets</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#improved-modules">改进的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#array">array</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#ast">ast</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#asyncio">asyncio</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#binascii">binascii</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#cmath">cmath</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#collections">collections</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#concurrent-futures">concurrent.futures</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#contextlib">contextlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#datetime">datetime</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#decimal">decimal</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#distutils">distutils</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#email">email</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#encodings">encodings</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#enum">enum</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#faulthandler">faulthandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#fileinput">fileinput</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#hashlib">hashlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#http-client">http.client</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#idlelib-and-idle">idlelib 与 IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#importlib">importlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#inspect">inspect</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#json">json</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#logging">logging</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#math">math</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#multiprocessing">multiprocessing</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#os">os</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pathlib">pathlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pdb">pdb</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pickle">pickle</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pickletools">pickletools</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#pydoc">pydoc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#random">random</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#re">re</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#readline">readline</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#rlcompleter">rlcompleter</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#shlex">shlex</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#site">site</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#sqlite3">sqlite3</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#socket">socket</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#socketserver">socketserver</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#ssl">ssl</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#statistics">statistics</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#struct">struct</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#subprocess">subprocess</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#sys">sys</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#telnetlib">telnetlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#time">time</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#timeit">timeit</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#tkinter">tkinter</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#traceback">回溯</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#tracemalloc">tracemalloc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#typing">typing</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#unicodedata">unicodedata</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#unittest-mock">unittest.mock</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#urllib-request">urllib.request</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#urllib-robotparser">urllib.robotparser</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#venv">venv</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#warnings">warnings</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#winreg">winreg</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#winsound">winsound</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#xmlrpc-client">xmlrpc.client</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#zipfile">zipfile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#zlib">zlib</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#other-improvements">其他改进</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated">弃用</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#new-keywords">新关键字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-python-behavior">已弃用的 Python 行为</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-python-modules-functions-and-methods">已弃用的 Python 模块、函数和方法</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#asynchat">asynchat</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#asyncore">asyncore</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#dbm">dbm</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#id2">distutils</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#grp">grp</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#id3">importlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#id4">os</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#id5">re</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#id6">ssl</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#id7">tkinter</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#id8">venv</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-functions-and-types-of-the-c-api">已弃用的 C API 函数和类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-build-options">弃用的构建选项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#removed">移除</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#api-and-feature-removals">API 与特性的移除</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#porting-to-python-3-6">移植到Python 3.6</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#changes-in-python-command-behavior"> 'python' 命令行为的变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#changes-in-the-python-api">Python API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#changes-in-the-c-api">C API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#cpython-bytecode-changes">CPython 字节码的改变</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-2">Python 3.6.2 中的重要变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#new-make-regen-all-build-target">新增 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">regen-all</span></code> 构建目标</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#removal-of-make-touch-build-target">移除了 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">touch</span></code> 构建目标</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-4">Python 3.6.4 中的重要变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-5">Python 3.6.5 中的重要变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-7">Python 3.6.7 中的重要变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-10">Python 3.6.10 中的重要变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.6.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-6-13">Python 3.6.13 中的重要变化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html">Python 3.5 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#summary-release-highlights">摘要 -- 发布重点</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#new-features">新的特性</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-492-coroutines-with-async-and-await-syntax">PEP 492 - 使用 async 和 await 语法实现协程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-465-a-dedicated-infix-operator-for-matrix-multiplication">PEP 465 - 用于矩阵乘法的专用中缀运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-448-additional-unpacking-generalizations">PEP 448 - 进一步的解包标准化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-461-percent-formatting-support-for-bytes-and-bytearray">PEP 461 - 针对 bytes 和 bytearray 的百分号格式化支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-484-type-hints">PEP 484 —— 类型提示</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-471-os-scandir-function-a-better-and-faster-directory-iterator">PEP 471 - os.scandir() 函数 -- 一个更好且更快的目录迭代器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-475-retry-system-calls-failing-with-eintr">PEP 475: 重试返回 EINTR 失败码的系统调用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-479-change-stopiteration-handling-inside-generators">PEP 479：更改生成器内部的 StopIteration 处理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-485-a-function-for-testing-approximate-equality">PEP 485：用于测试近似相等的函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-486-make-the-python-launcher-aware-of-virtual-environments">PEP 486：让 Python 启动器识别虚拟环境</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-488-elimination-of-pyo-files">PEP 488：去除 PYO 文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-489-multi-phase-extension-module-initialization">PEP 489：多阶段扩展模块初始化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#new-modules">新增模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#typing">typing</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#zipapp">zipapp</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#improved-modules">改进的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#argparse">argparse</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#asyncio">asyncio</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#bz2">bz2</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#cgi">cgi</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#cmath">cmath</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#code">code</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#collections">collections</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#collections-abc">collections.abc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#compileall">compileall</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#concurrent-futures">concurrent.futures</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#configparser">configparser</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#contextlib">contextlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#csv">csv</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#curses">curses</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#dbm">dbm</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#difflib">difflib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#distutils">distutils</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#doctest">doctest</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#email">email</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#enum">enum</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#faulthandler">faulthandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#functools">functools</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#glob">glob</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#gzip">gzip</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#heapq">heapq</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#http">http</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#http-client">http.client</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#idlelib-and-idle">idlelib 与 IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#imaplib">imaplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#imghdr">imghdr</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#importlib">importlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#inspect">inspect</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#io">io</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#ipaddress">ipaddress</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#json">json</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#linecache">linecache</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#locale">locale</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#logging">logging</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#lzma">lzma</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#math">math</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#multiprocessing">multiprocessing</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#operator">operator</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#os">os</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pathlib">pathlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#pickle">pickle</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#poplib">poplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#re">re</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#readline">readline</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#selectors">selectors</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#shutil">shutil</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#signal">signal</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#smtpd">smtpd</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#smtplib">smtplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#sndhdr">sndhdr</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#socket">socket</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#ssl">ssl</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#memory-bio-support">内存 BIO 支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#application-layer-protocol-negotiation-support">应用层协议协商支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#other-changes">其他改变</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#sqlite3">sqlite3</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#subprocess">subprocess</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#sys">sys</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#sysconfig">sysconfig</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#tarfile">tarfile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#threading">threading</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#time">time</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#timeit">timeit</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#tkinter">tkinter</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#traceback">回溯</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#types">types</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#unicodedata">unicodedata</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#unittest">unittest</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#unittest-mock">unittest.mock</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#urllib">urllib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#wsgiref">wsgiref</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#xmlrpc">xmlrpc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#xml-sax">xml.sax</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#zipfile">zipfile</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#other-module-level-changes">其他模块级更改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#deprecated">弃用</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#new-keywords">新关键字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#deprecated-python-behavior">已弃用的 Python 行为</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#unsupported-operating-systems">不支持的操作系统</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#deprecated-python-modules-functions-and-methods">已弃用的 Python 模块、函数和方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#removed">移除</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#api-and-feature-removals">API 与特性的移除</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#porting-to-python-3-5">移植到Python 3.5</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#changes-in-python-behavior">Python 行为的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#changes-in-the-python-api">Python API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#changes-in-the-c-api">C API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#notable-changes-in-python-3-5-4">Python 3.5.4 的显著变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#new-make-regen-all-build-target">新增 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">regen-all</span></code> 构建目标</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.5.html#removal-of-make-touch-build-target">移除了 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">touch</span></code> 构建目标</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html">Python 3.4 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#summary-release-highlights">摘要 - 发布重点</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#new-features">新的特性</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-453-explicit-bootstrapping-of-pip-in-python-installations">PEP 453: 在 Python 安装版中对 PIP 的显式初始设置</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#bootstrapping-pip-by-default">默认对 pip 进行初始设置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#documentation-changes">文档更改</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-446-newly-created-file-descriptors-are-non-inheritable">PEP 446: 新创建的文件描述符将设为不可继承</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#improvements-to-codec-handling">编解码器处理方式的改进</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-451-a-modulespec-type-for-the-import-system">PEP 451: 针对导入系统的 ModuleSpec 类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#new-modules">新增模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#asyncio">asyncio</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#ensurepip">ensurepip</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#enum">enum</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pathlib">pathlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#selectors">selectors</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#statistics">statistics</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#tracemalloc">tracemalloc</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#improved-modules">改进的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#abc">abc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#aifc">aifc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#argparse">argparse</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#audioop">audioop</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#base64">base64</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#collections">collections</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#colorsys">colorsys</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#contextlib">contextlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#dbm">dbm</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#dis">dis</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#doctest">doctest</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#email">email</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#filecmp">filecmp</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#functools">functools</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#gc">gc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#glob">glob</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#hashlib">hashlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#hmac">hmac</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#html">html</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#http">http</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#idlelib-and-idle">idlelib 与 IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#importlib">importlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#inspect">inspect</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#ipaddress">ipaddress</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#logging">logging</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#marshal">marshal</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#mmap">mmap</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#multiprocessing">multiprocessing</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#operator">operator</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#os">os</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pdb">pdb</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pickle">pickle</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#plistlib">plistlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#poplib">poplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pprint">pprint</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pty">pty</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pydoc">pydoc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#re">re</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#resource">resource</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#select">select</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#shelve">shelve</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#shutil">shutil</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#smtpd">smtpd</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#smtplib">smtplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#socket">socket</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#sqlite3">sqlite3</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#ssl">ssl</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#stat">stat</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#struct">struct</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#subprocess">subprocess</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#sunau">sunau</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#sys">sys</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#tarfile">tarfile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#textwrap">textwrap</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#threading">threading</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#traceback">回溯</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#types">types</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#urllib">urllib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#unittest">unittest</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#venv">venv</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#wave">wave</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#weakref">weakref</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#xml-etree">xml.etree</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#zipfile">zipfile</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#cpython-implementation-changes">CPython 实现的变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-445-customization-of-cpython-memory-allocators">PEP 445: 自定义 CPython 内存分配器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-442-safe-object-finalization">PEP 442: 安全的对象最终化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-456-secure-and-interchangeable-hash-algorithm">PEP 456: 安全且可互换的哈希算法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-436-argument-clinic">PEP 436: Argument Clinic</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#other-build-and-c-api-changes">其他的构建和 C API 的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#other-improvements">其他改进</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#significant-optimizations">显著的优化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#deprecated">弃用</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#deprecations-in-the-python-api">Python API 中的弃用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#deprecated-features">弃用的特性</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#removed">移除</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#operating-systems-no-longer-supported">不再支持的操作系统</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#api-and-feature-removals">API 与特性的移除</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#code-cleanups">代码清理</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#porting-to-python-3-4">移植到 Python 3.4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#changes-in-python-command-behavior"> 'python' 命令行为的变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#changes-in-the-python-api">Python API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#changes-in-the-c-api">C API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#changed-in-3-4-3">3.4.3 的变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.4.html#pep-476-enabling-certificate-verification-by-default-for-stdlib-http-clients">PEP 476: 默认为 stdlib http 客户端启用证书验证</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html">Python 3.3 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#summary-release-highlights">摘要 -- 发布重点</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-405-virtual-environments">PEP 405: 虚拟环境</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-420-implicit-namespace-packages">PEP 420: 隐式命名空间包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-3118-new-memoryview-implementation-and-buffer-protocol-documentation">PEP 3118: 新的内存视图实现和缓冲协议文档</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#features">相关特性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#api-changes">API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-393-flexible-string-representation">PEP 393: 灵活的字符串表示</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#functionality">功能</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#performance-and-resource-usage">性能和资源使用情况</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-397-python-launcher-for-windows">PEP 397: 适用于Windows的Python启动器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-3151-reworking-the-os-and-io-exception-hierarchy">PEP 3151: 重写 OS 和 IO 异常的层次结构</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-380-syntax-for-delegating-to-a-subgenerator">PEP 380: 委托给子生成器的语法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-409-suppressing-exception-context">PEP 409: 清除异常上下文</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-414-explicit-unicode-literals">PEP 414: 显式的Unicode文本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-3155-qualified-name-for-classes-and-functions">PEP 3155: 类和函数的限定名称</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-412-key-sharing-dictionary">PEP 412: Key-Sharing Dictionary</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-362-function-signature-object">PEP 362: 函数签名对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-421-adding-sys-implementation">PEP 421: 添加 sys.implementation</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#simplenamespace">SimpleNamespace</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#using-importlib-as-the-implementation-of-import">使用 importlib 作为导入的实现</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#new-apis">新的API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#visible-changes">可见的改变</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#a-finer-grained-import-lock">A Finer-Grained Import Lock</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#builtin-functions-and-types">Builtin functions and types</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#new-modules">新增模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#faulthandler">faulthandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#ipaddress">ipaddress</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#lzma">lzma</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#improved-modules">改进的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#abc">abc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#array">array</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#base64">base64</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#binascii">binascii</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#bz2">bz2</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#codecs">编码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#collections">collections</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#contextlib">contextlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#crypt">crypt</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#curses">curses</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#datetime">datetime</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#decimal">decimal</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#id1">相关特性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#id2">API 的变化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#email">email</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#policy-framework">Policy Framework</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#provisional-policy-with-new-header-api">Provisional Policy with New Header API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#other-api-changes">Other API Changes</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#ftplib">ftplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#functools">functools</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#gc">gc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#hmac">hmac</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#http">http</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#html">html</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#imaplib">imaplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#inspect">inspect</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#io">io</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#itertools">itertools</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#logging">logging</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#math">math</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#mmap">mmap</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#multiprocessing">multiprocessing</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#nntplib">nntplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#os">os</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pdb">pdb</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pickle">pickle</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#pydoc">pydoc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#re">re</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#sched">sched</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#select">select</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#shlex">shlex</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#shutil">shutil</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#signal">signal</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#smtpd">smtpd</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#smtplib">smtplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#socket">socket</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#socketserver">socketserver</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#sqlite3">sqlite3</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#ssl">ssl</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#stat">stat</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#struct">struct</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#subprocess">subprocess</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#sys">sys</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#tarfile">tarfile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#tempfile">tempfile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#textwrap">textwrap</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#threading">threading</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#time">time</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#types">types</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#unittest">unittest</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#urllib">urllib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#webbrowser">webbrowser</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#xml-etree-elementtree">xml.etree.ElementTree</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#zlib">zlib</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#deprecated">弃用</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#unsupported-operating-systems">不支持的操作系统</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#deprecated-python-modules-functions-and-methods">已弃用的 Python 模块、函数和方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#deprecated-functions-and-types-of-the-c-api">已弃用的 C API 函数和类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#deprecated-features">弃用的功能</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#porting-to-python-3-3">移植到 Python 3.3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#porting-python-code">移植 Python 代码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#porting-c-code">移植 C 代码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#building-c-extensions">Building C extensions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.3.html#command-line-switch-changes">命令行开关的变化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html">Python 3.2 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-384-defining-a-stable-abi">PEP 384: 定义稳定的ABI</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-389-argparse-command-line-parsing-module">PEP 389: Argparse 命令行解析模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-391-dictionary-based-configuration-for-logging">PEP 391: 基于字典的日志配置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-3148-the-concurrent-futures-module">PEP 3148: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrent.futures</span></code> 模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-3147-pyc-repository-directories">PEP 3147: PYC 仓库目录</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-3149-abi-version-tagged-so-files">PEP 3149: 带有 ABI 版本标签的 .so 文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#pep-3333-python-web-server-gateway-interface-v1-0-1">PEP 3333: Python Web服务器网关接口v1.0.1</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#new-improved-and-deprecated-modules">新增，改进和弃用的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#email">email</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#elementtree">elementtree</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#functools">functools</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#itertools">itertools</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#collections">collections</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#threading">threading</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#datetime-and-time">datetime 和 time</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#math">math</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#abc">abc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#io">io</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#reprlib">reprlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#logging">logging</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#csv">csv</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#contextlib">contextlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#decimal-and-fractions">decimal and fractions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#ftp">ftp</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#popen">popen</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#select">select</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#gzip-and-zipfile">gzip 和 zipfile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#tarfile">tarfile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#hashlib">hashlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#ast">ast</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#os">os</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#shutil">shutil</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#sqlite3">sqlite3</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#html">html</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#socket">socket</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#ssl">ssl</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#nntp">nntp</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#certificates">certificates</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#imaplib">imaplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#http-client">http.client</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#unittest">unittest</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#random">random</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#poplib">poplib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#asyncore">asyncore</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#tempfile">tempfile</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#inspect">inspect</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#pydoc">pydoc</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#dis">dis</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#dbm">dbm</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#ctypes">ctypes</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#site">site</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#sysconfig">sysconfig</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#pdb">pdb</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#configparser">configparser</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#urllib-parse">urllib.parse</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#mailbox">mailbox</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#turtledemo">turtledemo</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#multi-threading">多线程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#unicode">Unicode</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#codecs">编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#documentation">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#idle">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#code-repository">代码库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.2.html#porting-to-python-3-2">移植到 Python 3.2</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.1.html">Python 3.1 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.1.html#pep-372-ordered-dictionaries">PEP 372: 有序字典</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.1.html#pep-378-format-specifier-for-thousands-separator">PEP 378: 千位分隔符的格式说明符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.1.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.1.html#new-improved-and-deprecated-modules">新增，改进和弃用的模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.1.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.1.html#idle">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.1.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.1.html#porting-to-python-3-1">移植到 Python 3.1</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html">Python 3.0 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#common-stumbling-blocks">常见的绊脚石</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#print-is-a-function">Print 是函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#views-and-iterators-instead-of-lists">用视图和迭代器取代列表</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#ordering-comparisons">排序比较</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#integers">整数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#text-vs-data-instead-of-unicode-vs-8-bit">文本与数据而不是 Unicode 与 8 比特位</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#overview-of-syntax-changes">语法变化概述</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#new-syntax">新语法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#changed-syntax">语法变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#removed-syntax">移除的语法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#changes-already-present-in-python-2-6">Changes Already Present In Python 2.6</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#library-changes">库的修改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#pep-3101-a-new-approach-to-string-formatting"><strong>PEP 3101</strong>: A New Approach To String Formatting</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#changes-to-exceptions">Changes To Exceptions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#miscellaneous-other-changes">Miscellaneous Other Changes</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#operators-and-special-methods">Operators And Special Methods</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#builtins">Builtins</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#performance">性能</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/3.0.html#porting-to-python-3-0">移植到 Python 3.0</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html">Python 2.7 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#the-future-for-python-2-x">Python 2.x的未来</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#changes-to-the-handling-of-deprecation-warnings">对于弃用警告处理方式的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#python-3-1-features">Python 3.1 特性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-372-adding-an-ordered-dictionary-to-collections">PEP 372：将有序字典 添加到收藏集</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-378-format-specifier-for-thousands-separator">PEP 378: 千位分隔符的格式说明符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-389-the-argparse-module-for-parsing-command-lines">PEP 389：用于解析命令行的 argparse 模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-391-dictionary-based-configuration-for-logging">PEP 391: 基于字典的日志配置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-3106-dictionary-views">PEP 3106: 字典视图</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-3137-the-memoryview-object">PEP 3137: memoryview 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#interpreter-changes">解释器改动</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#new-and-improved-modules">新增和改进的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#new-module-importlib">新模块：importlib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#new-module-sysconfig">新模块：sysconfig</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#ttk-themed-widgets-for-tk">ttk：Tk 主题组件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#updated-module-unittest">更新的模块：unittest</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#updated-module-elementtree-1-3">更新的模块：ElementTree 1.3</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#capsules">Capsule 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#port-specific-changes-windows">特定于 Windows 的更改：</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#port-specific-changes-mac-os-x">特定于 Mac OS X 的更改：</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#port-specific-changes-freebsd">特定于 FreeBSD 的更改：</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#other-changes-and-fixes">其他的改变和修正</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#porting-to-python-2-7">移植到 Python 2.7</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#new-features-added-to-python-2-7-maintenance-releases">New Features Added to Python 2.7 Maintenance Releases</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#two-new-environment-variables-for-debug-mode">Two new environment variables for debug mode</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-434-idle-enhancement-exception-for-all-branches">PEP 434: IDLE Enhancement Exception for All Branches</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-466-network-security-enhancements-for-python-2-7">PEP 466: 针对 Python 2.7 的网络安全加固</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-477-backport-ensurepip-pep-453-to-python-2-7">PEP 477: 将 ensurepip (PEP 453) 向下移植到 Python 2.7</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#bootstrapping-pip-by-default">默认对 pip 进行初始设置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#documentation-changes">文档更改</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-476-enabling-certificate-verification-by-default-for-stdlib-http-clients">PEP 476: 默认为 stdlib http 客户端启用证书验证</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#pep-493-https-verification-migration-tools-for-python-2-7">PEP 493：适用于Python 2.7 的 HTTPS 验证迁移工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#new-make-regen-all-build-target">新增 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">regen-all</span></code> 构建目标</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#removal-of-make-touch-build-target">移除了 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">touch</span></code> 构建目标</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.7.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html">Python 2.6 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#python-3-0">Python 3.0</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#changes-to-the-development-process">开发过程的变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#new-issue-tracker-roundup">新问题追踪：简述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#new-documentation-format-restructuredtext-using-sphinx">新的文档格式：使用 Sphinx 的 reStructuredText</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-343-the-with-statement">PEP 343: "with" 语句</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#writing-context-managers">编写上下文管理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#the-contextlib-module">contextlib 模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-366-explicit-relative-imports-from-a-main-module">PEP 366: 从主模块显式相对导入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-370-per-user-site-packages-directory">PEP 370: 分用户的 site-packages 目录</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-371-the-multiprocessing-package">PEP 371: 多任务处理包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3101-advanced-string-formatting">PEP 3101: 高级字符串格式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3105-print-as-a-function">PEP 3105: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">print</span></code> 改为函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3110-exception-handling-changes">PEP 3110: 异常处理的变更</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3112-byte-literals">PEP 3112: 字节字面值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3116-new-i-o-library">PEP 3116: 新 I/O 库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3118-revised-buffer-protocol">PEP 3118: 修改缓冲区协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3119-abstract-base-classes">PEP 3119: 抽象基类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3127-integer-literal-support-and-syntax">PEP 3127: 整型文字支持和语法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3129-class-decorators">PEP 3129: 类装饰器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-3141-a-type-hierarchy-for-numbers">PEP 3141: 数字的类型层级结构</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#the-fractions-module"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fractions</span></code> 模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#interpreter-changes">解释器改动</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#new-and-improved-modules">新增和改进的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#the-ast-module"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ast</span></code> 模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#the-future-builtins-module"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">future_builtins</span></code> 模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#the-json-module-javascript-object-notation"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json</span></code> 模块: JavaScript Object Notation</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#the-plistlib-module-a-property-list-parser"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plistlib</span></code> 模块：属性列表解析器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#ctypes-enhancements">ctypes Enhancements</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#improved-ssl-support">改进的 SSL 支持</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#deprecations-and-removals">弃用和移除</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#port-specific-changes-windows">特定于 Windows 的更改：</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#port-specific-changes-mac-os-x">特定于 Mac OS X 的更改：</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#port-specific-changes-irix">特定于 IRIX 的更改：</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#porting-to-python-2-6">移植到Python 2.6</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.6.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html">Python 2.5 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-308-conditional-expressions">PEP 308: 条件表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-309-partial-function-application">PEP 309: 部分功能应用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-314-metadata-for-python-software-packages-v1-1">PEP 314: Python软件包的元数据 v1.1</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-328-absolute-and-relative-imports">PEP 328: 绝对导入和相对导入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-338-executing-modules-as-scripts">PEP 338: 将模块作为脚本执行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-341-unified-try-except-finally">PEP 341: 统一 try/except/finally</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-342-new-generator-features">PEP 342: 生成器的新特性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-343-the-with-statement">PEP 343: "with" 语句</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#writing-context-managers">编写上下文管理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#the-contextlib-module">contextlib 模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-352-exceptions-as-new-style-classes">PEP 352: 异常作为新型的类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-353-using-ssize-t-as-the-index-type">PEP 353: 使用ssize_t作为索引类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#pep-357-the-index-method">PEP 357: '__index__' 方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#interactive-interpreter-changes">交互解释器变更</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#new-improved-and-removed-modules">新增，改进和删除的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#the-ctypes-package">ctypes 包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#the-elementtree-package">ElementTree 包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#the-hashlib-package">hashlib 包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#the-sqlite3-package">sqlite3 包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#the-wsgiref-package">wsgiref 包</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#port-specific-changes">移植专属的改变</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#porting-to-python-2-5">移植到Python 2.5</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.5.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html">Python 2.4 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-218-built-in-set-objects">PEP 218: 内置集合对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-237-unifying-long-integers-and-integers">PEP 237: 统一长整数和整数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-289-generator-expressions">PEP 289: 生成器表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-292-simpler-string-substitutions">PEP 292: 更简单的字符串替换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-318-decorators-for-functions-and-methods">PEP 318: 函数和方法的装饰器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-322-reverse-iteration">PEP 322: 反向迭代</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-324-new-subprocess-module">PEP 324: 新的子进程模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-327-decimal-data-type">PEP 327: 十进制数据类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#why-is-decimal-needed">为什么需要十进制？</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#the-decimal-type"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Decimal</span></code> 类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#the-context-type"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Context</span></code> 类型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-328-multi-line-imports">PEP 328: 多行导入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#pep-331-locale-independent-float-string-conversions">PEP 331: Locale-Independent Float/String Conversions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#new-improved-and-deprecated-modules">新增，改进和弃用的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#cookielib">cookielib</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#doctest">doctest</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#port-specific-changes">移植专属的改变</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#porting-to-python-2-4">移植到 Python 2.4</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.4.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html">Python 2.3 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-218-a-standard-set-datatype">PEP 218: 标准集合数据类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-255-simple-generators">PEP 255: 简单的生成器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-263-source-code-encodings">PEP 263: 源代码的字符编码格式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-273-importing-modules-from-zip-archives">PEP 273: 从ZIP压缩包导入模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-277-unicode-file-name-support-for-windows-nt">PEP 277: 针对 Windows NT 的 Unicode 文件名支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-278-universal-newline-support">PEP 278: 通用换行支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-279-enumerate">PEP 279: enumerate()</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-282-the-logging-package">PEP 282: logging 包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-285-a-boolean-type">PEP 285: 布尔类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-293-codec-error-handling-callbacks">PEP 293: 编解码器错误处理回调</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-301-package-index-and-metadata-for-distutils">PEP 301: Distutils的软件包索引和元数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-302-new-import-hooks">PEP 302: 新导入钩子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-305-comma-separated-files">PEP 305: 逗号分隔文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pep-307-pickle-enhancements">PEP 307：对 pickle 的改进</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#extended-slices">扩展切片</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#other-language-changes">其他语言特性修改</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#string-changes">字符串的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#optimizations">性能优化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#new-improved-and-deprecated-modules">新增，改进和弃用的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#date-time-type">Date/Time 类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#the-optparse-module">optparse 模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#pymalloc-a-specialized-object-allocator">Pymalloc: A Specialized Object Allocator</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#build-and-c-api-changes">构建和 C API 的改变</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#port-specific-changes">移植专属的改变</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#other-changes-and-fixes">其他的改变和修正</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#porting-to-python-2-3">移植到 Python 2.3</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.3.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html">Python 2.2 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#peps-252-and-253-type-and-class-changes">PEP 252 和 253：类型和类的修改</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#old-and-new-classes">旧式类和新式类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#descriptors">描述器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#multiple-inheritance-the-diamond-rule">多重继承：钻石规则</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#attribute-access">属性访问</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#related-links">相关链接</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-234-iterators">PEP 234: 迭代器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-255-simple-generators">PEP 255: 简单的生成器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-237-unifying-long-integers-and-integers">PEP 237: 统一长整数和整数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-238-changing-the-division-operator">PEP 238：修改除法运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#unicode-changes">Unicode 的改变</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#pep-227-nested-scopes">PEP 227: 嵌套的作用域</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#new-and-improved-modules">新增和改进的模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#interpreter-changes-and-fixes">解释器的改变和修正</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#other-changes-and-fixes">其他的改变和修正</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.2.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html">Python 2.1 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-227-nested-scopes">PEP 227: 嵌套的作用域</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-236-future-directives">PEP 236: __future__ 指令</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-207-rich-comparisons">PEP 207: 富比较</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-230-warning-framework">PEP 230: 警告框架</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-229-new-build-system">PEP 229: 新的构建系统</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-205-weak-references">PEP 205: 弱引用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-232-function-attributes">PEP 232: 函数属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-235-importing-modules-on-case-insensitive-platforms">PEP 235: 在大小写不敏感的平台上导入模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-217-interactive-display-hook">PEP 217: 交互模式显示钩子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-208-new-coercion-model">PEP 208: 新的强制转换模型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#pep-241-metadata-in-python-packages">PEP 241: Python 包中的元数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#new-and-improved-modules">新增和改进的模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#other-changes-and-fixes">其他的改变和修正</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.1.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html">Python 2.0 有什么新变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#what-about-python-1-6">Python 1.6 将会怎样？</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#new-development-process">新开发流程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#unicode">Unicode</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#list-comprehensions">列表推导式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#augmented-assignment">增强赋值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#string-methods">字符串的方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#garbage-collection-of-cycles">循环的垃圾回收</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#other-core-changes">其他核心变化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#minor-language-changes">细微的语言特性修改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#changes-to-built-in-functions">对于内置函数的修改</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#porting-to-2-0">移植 Python 2.0</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#extending-embedding-changes">扩展/嵌入更改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#distutils-making-modules-easy-to-install">Distutils：使模块易于安装</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#xml-modules">XML 模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#sax2-support">SAX2 支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#dom-support">DOM 支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#relationship-to-pyxml">与 PyXML 的关系</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#module-changes">模块更改</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#new-modules">新增模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#idle-improvements">IDLE 改进</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#deleted-and-deprecated-modules">删除和弃用的模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/2.0.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html">更新日志</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-20-final">Python 3.8.20 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#windows">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#tests">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#security">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#library">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#core-and-builtins">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-19-final">Python 3.8.19 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id2">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id3">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id4">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#documentation">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id5">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id6">Windows</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-18-final">Python 3.8.18 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id7">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id8">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#tools-demos">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-17-final">Python 3.8.17 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id9">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id10">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#build">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id11">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#macos">macOS</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-16-final">Python 3.8.16 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id12">安全</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-15-final">Python 3.8.15 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id13">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id14">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id15">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id16">Windows</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-14-final">Python 3.8.14 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id17">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id18">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id19">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id20">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id21">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id22">Windows</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-13-final">Python 3.8.13 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id23">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id24">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id25">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id26">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id27">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id28">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id29">macOS</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-12-final">Python 3.8.12 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id30">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id31">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id32">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id33">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id34">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id35">macOS</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-11-final">最终版本Python 3.8.11</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id36">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id37">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id38">库</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-10-final">Python 3.8.10 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id39">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id40">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id41">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id42">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id43">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id44">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id45">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#idle">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#c-api">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-9-final">Python 3.8.9 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id46">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id47">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id48">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id49">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id50">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id51">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id52">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id53">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-8-final">Python 3.8.8 final</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-8-release-candidate-1">Python 3.8.8 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id54">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id55">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id56">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id57">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id58">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id59">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id60">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id61">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id62">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id63">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id64">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-7-final">Python 3.8.7 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id65">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id66">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id67">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id68">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id69">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-7-release-candidate-1">Python 3.8.7 release candidate 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id70">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id71">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id72">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id73">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id74">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id75">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id76">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id77">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id78">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id79">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-6-final">Python 3.8.6 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id80">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id81">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id82">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id83">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id84">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id85">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-6-release-candidate-1">Python 3.8.6 release candidate 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id86">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id87">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id88">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id89">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id90">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id91">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-5-final">Python 3.8.5 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id92">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id93">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id94">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id95">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id96">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id97">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id98">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-4-final">Python 3.8.4 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id99">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id100">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id101">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id102">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-4-release-candidate-1">Python 3.8.4 release candidate 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id103">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id104">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id105">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id106">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id107">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id108">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id109">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id110">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id111">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-3-final">Python 3.8.3 final</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id112">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id113">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id114">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id115">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id116">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-3-release-candidate-1">Python 3.8.3 release candidate 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id117">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id118">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id119">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id120">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id121">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id122">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id123">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id124">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id125">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id126">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id127">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-2-final">Python 3.8.2 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id128">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id129">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id130">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id131">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-2-release-candidate-2">Python 3.8.2 rc2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id132">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id133">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id134">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id135">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-2-release-candidate-1">Python 3.8.2 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id136">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id137">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id138">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id139">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id140">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id141">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id142">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id143">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-1-final">Python 3.8.1 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id144">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id145">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id146">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id147">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id148">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id149">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-1-release-candidate-1">Python 3.8.1 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id150">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id151">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id152">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id153">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id154">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id155">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id156">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id157">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id158">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id159">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-final">Python 3.8.0 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id160">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id161">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id162">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id163">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id164">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id165">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id166">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id167">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-release-candidate-1">Python 3.8.0 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id168">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id169">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id170">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id171">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id172">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id173">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id174">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id175">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id176">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id177">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id178">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-beta-4">Python 3.8.0 beta 4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id179">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id180">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id181">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id182">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id183">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id184">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id185">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id186">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id187">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id188">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id189">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-beta-3">Python 3.8.0 beta 3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id190">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id191">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id192">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id193">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id194">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id195">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id196">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id197">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id198">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-beta-2">Python 3.8.0 beta 2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id199">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id200">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id201">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id202">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id203">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id204">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id205">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id206">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id207">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id208">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-beta-1">Python 3.8.0 beta 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id209">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id210">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id211">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id212">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id213">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id214">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id215">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id216">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id217">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id218">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id219">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-alpha-4">Python 3.8.0 alpha 4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id220">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id221">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id222">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id223">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id224">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id225">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id226">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id227">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id228">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id229">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id230">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-alpha-3">Python 3.8.0 alpha 3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id231">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id232">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id233">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id234">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id235">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id236">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id237">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id238">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id239">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id240">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-alpha-2">Python 3.8.0 alpha 2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id241">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id242">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id243">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id244">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id245">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id246">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-8-0-alpha-1">Python 3.8.0 alpha 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id247">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id248">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id249">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id250">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id251">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id252">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id253">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id254">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id255">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id256">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id257">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-final">Python 3.7.0 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id258">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id259">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-release-candidate-1">Python 3.7.0 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id260">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id261">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id262">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id263">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id264">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id265">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-beta-5">Python 3.7.0 beta 5</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id266">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id267">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id268">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id269">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id270">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id271">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id272">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-beta-4">Python 3.7.0 beta 4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id273">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id274">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id275">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id276">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id277">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id278">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id279">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id280">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id281">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-beta-3">Python 3.7.0 beta 3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id282">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id283">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id284">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id285">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id286">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id287">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id288">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id289">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id290">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id291">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id292">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-beta-2">Python 3.7.0 beta 2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id293">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id294">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id295">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id296">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id297">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id298">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id299">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id300">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id301">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id302">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-beta-1">Python 3.7.0 beta 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id303">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id304">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id305">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id306">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id307">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id308">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id309">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id310">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-alpha-4">Python 3.7.0 alpha 4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id311">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id312">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id313">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id314">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id315">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id316">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id317">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-alpha-3">Python 3.7.0 alpha 3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id318">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id319">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id320">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id321">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id322">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id323">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id324">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id325">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id326">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id327">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-alpha-2">Python 3.7.0 alpha 2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id328">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id329">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id330">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id331">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id332">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id333">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-7-0-alpha-1">Python 3.7.0 alpha 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id334">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id335">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id336">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id337">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id338">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id339">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id340">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id341">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id342">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id343">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-6-final">Python 3.6.6 正式版</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-6-release-candidate-1">Python 3.6.6 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id344">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id345">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id346">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id347">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id348">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id349">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id350">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id351">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id352">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id353">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-5-final">Python 3.6.5 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id354">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id355">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-5-release-candidate-1">Python 3.6.5 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id356">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id357">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id358">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id359">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id360">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id361">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id362">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id363">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id364">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id365">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id366">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-4-final">Python 3.6.4 正式版</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-4-release-candidate-1">Python 3.6.4 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id367">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id368">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id369">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id370">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id371">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id372">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id373">macOS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id374">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id375">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id376">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-3-final">Python 3.6.3 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id377">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id378">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-3-release-candidate-1">Python 3.6.3 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id379">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id380">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id381">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id382">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id383">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id384">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id385">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id386">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id387">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-2-final">Python 3.6.2 正式版</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-2-release-candidate-2">Python 3.6.2 rc2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id388">安全</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-2-release-candidate-1">Python 3.6.2 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id389">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id390">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id391">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id392">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id393">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id394">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id395">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id396">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id397">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id398">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id399">Windows</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-1-final">Python 3.6.1 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id400">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id401">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-1-release-candidate-1">Python 3.6.1 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id402">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id403">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id404">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id405">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id406">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id407">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id408">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id409">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-final">Python 3.6.0 正式版</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-release-candidate-2">Python 3.6.0 rc2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id410">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id411">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id412">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id413">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-release-candidate-1">Python 3.6.0 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id414">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id415">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id416">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id417">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id418">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-beta-4">Python 3.6.0 beta 4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id419">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id420">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id421">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id422">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id423">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-beta-3">Python 3.6.0 beta 3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id424">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id425">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id426">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id427">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id428">测试</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-beta-2">Python 3.6.0 beta 2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id429">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id430">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id431">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id432">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id433">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id434">测试</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-beta-1">Python 3.6.0 beta 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id435">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id436">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id437">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id438">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id439">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id440">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id441">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id442">Windows</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-alpha-4">Python 3.6.0 alpha 4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id443">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id444">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id445">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id446">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id447">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id448">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-alpha-3">Python 3.6.0 alpha 3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id449">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id450">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id451">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id452">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id453">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id454">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id455">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id456">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id457">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id458">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id459">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id460">测试</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-alpha-2">Python 3.6.0 alpha 2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id461">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id462">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id463">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id464">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id465">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id466">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id467">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id468">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id469">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id470">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id471">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id472">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id473">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id474">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-6-0-alpha-1">Python 3.6.0 alpha 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id475">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id476">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id477">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id478">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id479">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id480">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id481">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id482">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id483">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id484">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id485">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id486">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id487">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id488">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id489">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-5-final">Python 3.5.5 正式版</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-5-release-candidate-1">Python 3.5.5 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id490">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id491">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id492">库</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-4-final">Python 3.5.4 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id493">库</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-4-release-candidate-1">Python 3.5.4 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id494">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id495">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id496">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id497">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id498">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id499">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id500">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id501">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-3-final">Python 3.5.3 正式版</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-3-release-candidate-1">Python 3.5.3 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id502">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id503">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id504">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id505">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id506">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id507">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id508">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id509">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id510">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id511">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id512">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id513">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id514">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-2-final">Python 3.5.2 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id515">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id516">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id517">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-2-release-candidate-1">Python 3.5.2 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id518">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id519">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id520">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id521">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id522">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id523">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id524">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id525">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id526">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id527">安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id528">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id529">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id530">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id531">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id532">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id533">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id534">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id535">Windows</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-1-final">Python 3.5.1 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id536">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id537">Windows</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-1-release-candidate-1">Python 3.5.1 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id538">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id539">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id540">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id541">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id542">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id543">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id544">Windows</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id545">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-final">Python 3.5.0 正式版</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id546">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-release-candidate-4">Python 3.5.0 rc4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id547">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id548">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-release-candidate-3">Python 3.5.0 rc3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id549">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id550">库</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-release-candidate-2">Python 3.5.0 rc2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id551">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id552">库</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-release-candidate-1">Python 3.5.0 rc1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id553">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id554">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id555">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id556">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id557">测试</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-beta-4">Python 3.5.0 beta 4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id558">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id559">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id560">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-beta-3">Python 3.5.0 beta 3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id561">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id562">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id563">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id564">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id565">构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-beta-2">Python 3.5.0 beta 2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id566">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id567">库</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-beta-1">Python 3.5.0 beta 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id568">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id569">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id570">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id571">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id572">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id573">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-alpha-4">Python 3.5.0 alpha 4</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id574">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id575">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id576">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id577">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id578">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id579">C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-alpha-3">Python 3.5.0 alpha 3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id580">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id581">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id582">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id583">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id584">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-alpha-2">Python 3.5.0 alpha 2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id585">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id586">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id587">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id588">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id589">Windows</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-5-0-alpha-1">Python 3.5.0 alpha 1</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id590">核心与内置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id591">库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id592">IDLE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id593">构建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id594">C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id595">文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id596">测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id597">工具/示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="whatsnew/changelog.html#id598">Windows</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/index.html">Python 教程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/appetite.html">1. 课前甜点</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/interpreter.html">2. 使用 Python 的解释器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/interpreter.html#invoking-the-interpreter">2.1. 唤出解释器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/interpreter.html#argument-passing">2.1.1. 传入参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/interpreter.html#interactive-mode">2.1.2. 交互模式</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/interpreter.html#the-interpreter-and-its-environment">2.2. 解释器的运行环境</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/interpreter.html#source-code-encoding">2.2.1. 源文件的字符编码</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/introduction.html">3. Python 速览</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator">3.1. Python 用作计算器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/introduction.html#numbers">3.1.1. 数字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/introduction.html#strings">3.1.2. 字符串</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/introduction.html#lists">3.1.3. 列表</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/introduction.html#first-steps-towards-programming">3.2. 走向编程的第一步</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html">4. 更多控制流工具</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements">4.1. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#for-statements">4.2. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#the-range-function">4.3. <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range()</span></code> 函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#break-and-continue-statements-and-else-clauses-on-loops">4.4. 循环中的 <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">break</span></code>、<code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">continue</span></code> 语句及 <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">else</span></code> 子句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#pass-statements">4.5. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pass</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions">4.6. 定义函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#more-on-defining-functions">4.7. 函数定义详解</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#default-argument-values">4.7.1. 默认值参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#keyword-arguments">4.7.2. 关键字参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#special-parameters">4.7.3. 特殊参数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#positional-or-keyword-arguments">4.7.3.1. 位置或关键字参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#positional-only-parameters">4.7.3.2. 仅位置参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#keyword-only-arguments">4.7.3.3. 仅限关键字参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#function-examples">4.7.3.4. 函数示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#recap">4.7.3.5. 小结</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#arbitrary-argument-lists">4.7.4. 任意实参列表</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#unpacking-argument-lists">4.7.5. 解包实参列表</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#lambda-expressions">4.7.6. Lambda 表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#documentation-strings">4.7.7. 文档字符串</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#function-annotations">4.7.8. 函数注解</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/controlflow.html#intermezzo-coding-style">4.8. 小插曲：编码风格</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html">5. 数据结构</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-lists">5.1. 列表详解</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#using-lists-as-stacks">5.1.1. 用列表实现堆栈</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#using-lists-as-queues">5.1.2. 用列表实现队列</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#list-comprehensions">5.1.3. 列表推导式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#nested-list-comprehensions">5.1.4. 嵌套的列表推导式</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#the-del-statement">5.2. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">del</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#tuples-and-sequences">5.3. 元组和序列</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#sets">5.4. 集合</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries">5.5. 字典</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#looping-techniques">5.6. 循环的技巧</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-conditions">5.7. 深入条件控制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/datastructures.html#comparing-sequences-and-other-types">5.8. 序列和其他类型的比较</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html">6. 模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#more-on-modules">6.1. 模块详解</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#executing-modules-as-scripts">6.1.1. 以脚本方式执行模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#the-module-search-path">6.1.2. 模块搜索路径</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#compiled-python-files">6.1.3. “已编译的” Python 文件</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#standard-modules">6.2. 标准模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#the-dir-function">6.3. <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dir()</span></code> 函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#packages">6.4. 包</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#importing-from-a-package">6.4.1. 从包中导入 *</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#intra-package-references">6.4.2. 相对导入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/modules.html#packages-in-multiple-directories">6.4.3. 多目录中的包</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/inputoutput.html">7. 输入与输出</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/inputoutput.html#fancier-output-formatting">7.1. 更复杂的输出格式</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/inputoutput.html#formatted-string-literals">7.1.1. 格式化字符串字面值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/inputoutput.html#the-string-format-method">7.1.2. 字符串 format() 方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/inputoutput.html#manual-string-formatting">7.1.3. 手动格式化字符串</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/inputoutput.html#old-string-formatting">7.1.4. 旧式字符串格式化方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files">7.2. 读写文件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/inputoutput.html#methods-of-file-objects">7.2.1. 文件对象的方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/inputoutput.html#saving-structured-data-with-json">7.2.2. 使用 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json</span></code> 保存结构化数据</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/errors.html">8. 错误和异常</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/errors.html#syntax-errors">8.1. 语法错误</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/errors.html#exceptions">8.2. 异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/errors.html#handling-exceptions">8.3. 异常的处理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/errors.html#raising-exceptions">8.4. 触发异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/errors.html#user-defined-exceptions">8.5. 用户自定义异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/errors.html#defining-clean-up-actions">8.6. 定义清理操作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/errors.html#predefined-clean-up-actions">8.7. 预定义的清理操作</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html">9. 类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#a-word-about-names-and-objects">9.1. 名称和对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#python-scopes-and-namespaces">9.2. Python 作用域和命名空间</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#scopes-and-namespaces-example">9.2.1. 作用域和命名空间示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#a-first-look-at-classes">9.3. 初探类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#class-definition-syntax">9.3.1. 类定义语法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#class-objects">9.3.2. Class 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#instance-objects">9.3.3. 实例对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#method-objects">9.3.4. 方法对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#class-and-instance-variables">9.3.5. 类和实例变量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#random-remarks">9.4. 补充说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#inheritance">9.5. 继承</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#multiple-inheritance">9.5.1. 多重继承</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#private-variables">9.6. 私有变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#odds-and-ends">9.7. 杂项说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#iterators">9.8. 迭代器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#generators">9.9. 生成器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/classes.html#generator-expressions">9.10. 生成器表达式</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html">10. 标准库简介</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#operating-system-interface">10.1. 操作系统接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#file-wildcards">10.2. 文件通配符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#command-line-arguments">10.3. 命令行参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#error-output-redirection-and-program-termination">10.4. 错误输出重定向和程序终止</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#string-pattern-matching">10.5. 字符串模式匹配</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#mathematics">10.6. 数学</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#internet-access">10.7. 互联网访问</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#dates-and-times">10.8. 日期和时间</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#data-compression">10.9. 数据压缩</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#performance-measurement">10.10. 性能测量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#quality-control">10.11. 质量控制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib.html#batteries-included">10.12. 自带电池</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib2.html">11. 标准库简介 —— 第二部分</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib2.html#output-formatting">11.1. 格式化输出</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib2.html#templating">11.2. 模板</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib2.html#working-with-binary-data-record-layouts">11.3. 使用二进制数据记录格式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib2.html#multi-threading">11.4. 多线程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib2.html#logging">11.5. 日志记录</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib2.html#weak-references">11.6. 弱引用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib2.html#tools-for-working-with-lists">11.7. 用于操作列表的工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/stdlib2.html#decimal-floating-point-arithmetic">11.8. 十进制浮点运算</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/venv.html">12. 虚拟环境和包</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/venv.html#introduction">12.1. 概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/venv.html#creating-virtual-environments">12.2. 创建虚拟环境</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/venv.html#managing-packages-with-pip">12.3. 使用pip管理包</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/whatnow.html">13. 接下来？</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/interactive.html">14. 交互式编辑和编辑历史</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/interactive.html#tab-completion-and-history-editing">14.1. Tab 补全和编辑历史</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/interactive.html#alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter">14.2. 默认交互式解释器的替代品</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/floatingpoint.html">15. 浮点算术：争议和限制</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/floatingpoint.html#representation-error">15.1. 表示性错误</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/appendix.html">16. 附录</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/appendix.html#interactive-mode">16.1. 交互模式</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/appendix.html#error-handling">16.1.1. 错误处理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/appendix.html#executable-python-scripts">16.1.2. 可执行的Python脚本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/appendix.html#the-interactive-startup-file">16.1.3. 交互式启动文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial/appendix.html#the-customization-modules">16.1.4. 定制模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="using/index.html">Python安装和使用</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="using/cmdline.html">1. 命令行与环境</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/cmdline.html#command-line">1.1. 命令行</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/cmdline.html#interface-options">1.1.1. 接口选项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/cmdline.html#generic-options">1.1.2. 通用选项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/cmdline.html#miscellaneous-options">1.1.3. 其他选项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/cmdline.html#options-you-shouldn-t-use">1.1.4. 不应当使用的选项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/cmdline.html#environment-variables">1.2. 环境变量</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/cmdline.html#debug-mode-variables">1.2.1. 调试模式变量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="using/unix.html">2. 在类Unix环境下使用Python</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/unix.html#getting-and-installing-the-latest-version-of-python">2.1. 获得并安装Python的最新版本</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/unix.html#on-linux">2.1.1. 在Linux中</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/unix.html#on-freebsd-and-openbsd">2.1.2. 在FreeBSD和OpenBSD上</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/unix.html#on-opensolaris">2.1.3. 在OpenSolaris系统上</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/unix.html#building-python">2.2. 构建Python</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/unix.html#python-related-paths-and-files">2.3. 与Python相关的路径和文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/unix.html#miscellaneous">2.4. 杂项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html">3. 在Windows上使用 Python</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#the-full-installer">3.1. 完整安装程序</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#installation-steps">3.1.1. 安装步骤</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#removing-the-max-path-limitation">3.1.2. 删除 MAX_PATH 限制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#installing-without-ui">3.1.3. 无UI 安装</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#installing-without-downloading">3.1.4. 免下载安装</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#modifying-an-install">3.1.5. 修改安装</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#the-microsoft-store-package">3.2. Microsoft Store包</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#known-issues">3.2.1. 已知的问题</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#the-nuget-org-packages">3.3. nuget.org 安装包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#the-embeddable-package">3.4. 可嵌入的包</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#python-application">3.4.1. Python 应用程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#embedding-python">3.4.2. 嵌入Python</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#alternative-bundles">3.5. 替代捆绑包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#configuring-python">3.6. 配置Python</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#excursus-setting-environment-variables">3.6.1. 附录：设置环境变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#finding-the-python-executable">3.6.2. 查找Python可执行文件</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#utf-8-mode">3.7. UTF-8 模式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#python-launcher-for-windows">3.8. 适用于Windows的Python启动器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#getting-started">3.8.1. 入门</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#from-the-command-line">3.8.1.1. 从命令行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#virtual-environments">3.8.1.2. 从虚拟环境</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#from-a-script">3.8.1.3. 从脚本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#from-file-associations">3.8.1.4. 从文件关联</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#shebang-lines">3.8.2. Shebang 行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#arguments-in-shebang-lines">3.8.3. shebang 行的参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#customization">3.8.4. 自定义</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#customization-via-ini-files">3.8.4.1. 通过INI文件自定义</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#customizing-default-python-versions">3.8.4.2. 自定义默认的Python版本</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#diagnostics">3.8.5. 诊断</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#finding-modules">3.9. 查找模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#additional-modules">3.10. 附加模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#pywin32">3.10.1. PyWin32</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#cx-freeze">3.10.2. cx_Freeze</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#wconio">3.10.3. WConio</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#compiling-python-on-windows">3.11. 在Windows上编译Python</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/windows.html#other-platforms">3.12. 其他平台</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html">4. 在苹果系统上使用 Python</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html#getting-and-installing-macpython">4.1. 获取和安装 MacPython</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html#how-to-run-a-python-script">4.1.1. 如何运行 Python 脚本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html#running-scripts-with-a-gui">4.1.2. 运行有图形界面的脚本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html#configuration">4.1.3. 配置</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html#the-ide">4.2. IDE</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html#installing-additional-python-packages">4.3. 安装额外的 Python 包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html#gui-programming-on-the-mac">4.4. Mac 上的图形界面编程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html#distributing-python-applications-on-the-mac">4.5. 在 Mac 上分发 Python 应用程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using/mac.html#other-resources">4.6. 其他资源</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="using/editors.html">5. 编辑器和集成开发环境</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/index.html">Python语言参考</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/introduction.html">1. 概述</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/introduction.html#alternate-implementations">1.1. 其他实现</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/introduction.html#notation">1.2. 标注</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html">2. 词法分析</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#line-structure">2.1. 行结构</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#logical-lines">2.1.1. 逻辑行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#physical-lines">2.1.2. 物理行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#comments">2.1.3. 注释</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#encoding-declarations">2.1.4. 编码声明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#explicit-line-joining">2.1.5. 显式拼接行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#implicit-line-joining">2.1.6. 隐式拼接行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#blank-lines">2.1.7. 空白行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#indentation">2.1.8. 缩进</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#whitespace-between-tokens">2.1.9. 形符间的空白字符</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#other-tokens">2.2. 其他形符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#identifiers">2.3. 标识符和关键字</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords">2.3.1. 关键字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#reserved-classes-of-identifiers">2.3.2. 保留的标识符类</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#literals">2.4. 字面值</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-and-bytes-literals">2.4.1. 字符串与字节串字面值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-literal-concatenation">2.4.2. 字符串字面值合并</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#formatted-string-literals">2.4.3. 格式字符串字面值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#numeric-literals">2.4.4. 数值字面值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#integer-literals">2.4.5. 整数字面值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#floating-point-literals">2.4.6. 浮点数字面值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#imaginary-literals">2.4.7. 虚数字面值</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#operators">2.5. 运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/lexical_analysis.html#delimiters">2.6. 分隔符</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html">3. 数据模型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#objects-values-and-types">3.1. 对象、值与类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#the-standard-type-hierarchy">3.2. 标准类型层级结构</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#special-method-names">3.3. 特殊方法名称</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#basic-customization">3.3.1. 基本定制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#customizing-attribute-access">3.3.2. 自定义属性访问</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#customizing-module-attribute-access">3.3.2.1. 自定义模块属性访问</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#implementing-descriptors">3.3.2.2. 实现描述器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#invoking-descriptors">3.3.2.3. 调用描述器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#slots">3.3.2.4. __slots__</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#notes-on-using-slots">3.3.2.4.1. 使用 <em>__slots__</em> 的注意事项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#customizing-class-creation">3.3.3. 自定义类创建</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#metaclasses">3.3.3.1. 元类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#resolving-mro-entries">3.3.3.2. 解析 MRO 条目</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#determining-the-appropriate-metaclass">3.3.3.3. 确定适当的元类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#preparing-the-class-namespace">3.3.3.4. 准备类命名空间</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#executing-the-class-body">3.3.3.5. 执行类主体</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#creating-the-class-object">3.3.3.6. 创建类对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#uses-for-metaclasses">3.3.3.7. 元类的作用</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#customizing-instance-and-subclass-checks">3.3.4. 自定义实例及子类检查</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#emulating-generic-types">3.3.5. 模拟泛型类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#emulating-callable-objects">3.3.6. 模拟可调用对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#emulating-container-types">3.3.7. 模拟容器类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#emulating-numeric-types">3.3.8. 模拟数字类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers">3.3.9. with 语句上下文管理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#special-method-lookup">3.3.10. 特殊方法查找</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#coroutines">3.4. 协程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#awaitable-objects">3.4.1. 可等待对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#coroutine-objects">3.4.2. 协程对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#asynchronous-iterators">3.4.3. 异步迭代器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/datamodel.html#asynchronous-context-managers">3.4.4. 异步上下文管理器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/executionmodel.html">4. 执行模型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/executionmodel.html#structure-of-a-program">4.1. 程序的结构</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/executionmodel.html#naming-and-binding">4.2. 命名与绑定</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/executionmodel.html#binding-of-names">4.2.1. 名称的绑定</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/executionmodel.html#resolution-of-names">4.2.2. 名称的解析</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/executionmodel.html#builtins-and-restricted-execution">4.2.3. 内置命名空间和受限的执行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/executionmodel.html#interaction-with-dynamic-features">4.2.4. 与动态特性的交互</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/executionmodel.html#exceptions">4.3. 异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html">5. 导入系统</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#importlib">5.1. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#packages">5.2. 包</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#regular-packages">5.2.1. 常规包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#namespace-packages">5.2.2. 命名空间包</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#searching">5.3. 搜索</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#the-module-cache">5.3.1. 模块缓存</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#finders-and-loaders">5.3.2. 查找器和加载器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#import-hooks">5.3.3. 导入钩子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#the-meta-path">5.3.4. 元路径</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#loading">5.4. 加载</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#loaders">5.4.1. 加载器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#submodules">5.4.2. 子模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#module-spec">5.4.3. 模块规格说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#import-related-module-attributes">5.4.4. 导入相关的模块属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#module-path">5.4.5. module.__path__</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#module-reprs">5.4.6. 模块的 repr</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#cached-bytecode-invalidation">5.4.7. 已缓存字节码的失效</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#the-path-based-finder">5.5. 基于路径的查找器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#path-entry-finders">5.5.1. 路径条目查找器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#path-entry-finder-protocol">5.5.2. 路径条目查找器协议</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#replacing-the-standard-import-system">5.6. 替换标准导入系统</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#package-relative-imports">5.7. 包相对导入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#special-considerations-for-main">5.8. 有关 __main__ 的特殊事项</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#main-spec">5.8.1. __main__.__spec__</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#open-issues">5.9. 开放问题项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/import.html#references">5.10. 参考文献</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html">6. 表达式</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#arithmetic-conversions">6.1. 算术转换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#atoms">6.2. 原子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#atom-identifiers">6.2.1. 标识符（名称）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#literals">6.2.2. 字面值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#parenthesized-forms">6.2.3. 带圆括号的形式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#displays-for-lists-sets-and-dictionaries">6.2.4. 列表、集合与字典的显示</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#list-displays">6.2.5. 列表显示</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#set-displays">6.2.6. 集合显示</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#dictionary-displays">6.2.7. 字典显示</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#generator-expressions">6.2.8. 生成器表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#yield-expressions">6.2.9. yield 表达式</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#generator-iterator-methods">6.2.9.1. 生成器-迭代器的方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#examples">6.2.9.2. 例子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#asynchronous-generator-functions">6.2.9.3. 异步生成器函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#asynchronous-generator-iterator-methods">6.2.9.4. 异步生成器-迭代器方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#primaries">6.3. 原型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#attribute-references">6.3.1. 属性引用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#subscriptions">6.3.2. 抽取</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#slicings">6.3.3. 切片</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#calls">6.3.4. 调用</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#await-expression">6.4. await 表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#the-power-operator">6.5. 幂运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#unary-arithmetic-and-bitwise-operations">6.6. 一元算术和位运算</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#binary-arithmetic-operations">6.7. 二元算术运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#shifting-operations">6.8. 移位运算</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#binary-bitwise-operations">6.9. 二元位运算</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#comparisons">6.10. 比较运算</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#value-comparisons">6.10.1. 值比较</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#membership-test-operations">6.10.2. 成员检测运算</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#is-not">6.10.3. 标识号比较</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#boolean-operations">6.11. 布尔运算</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#assignment-expressions">6.12. 赋值表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#conditional-expressions">6.13. 条件表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#lambda">6.14. lambda 表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#expression-lists">6.15. 表达式列表</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#evaluation-order">6.16. 求值顺序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/expressions.html#operator-precedence">6.17. 运算符优先级</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html">7. 简单语句</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#expression-statements">7.1. 表达式语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements">7.2. 赋值语句</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#augmented-assignment-statements">7.2.1. 增强赋值语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#annotated-assignment-statements">7.2.2. 带标注的赋值语句</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-assert-statement">7.3. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">assert</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-pass-statement">7.4. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pass</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-del-statement">7.5. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">del</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-return-statement">7.6. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">return</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-yield-statement">7.7. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">yield</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-raise-statement">7.8. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raise</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-break-statement">7.9. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">break</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-continue-statement">7.10. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">continue</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-import-statement">7.11. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code> 语句</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#future-statements">7.11.1. future 语句</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-global-statement">7.12. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">global</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-nonlocal-statement">7.13. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nonlocal</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html">8. 复合语句</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-if-statement">8.1. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-while-statement">8.2. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">while</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-for-statement">8.3. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-try-statement">8.4. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-with-statement">8.5. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#function-definitions">8.6. 函数定义</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#class-definitions">8.7. 类定义</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#coroutines">8.8. 协程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#coroutine-function-definition">8.8.1. 协程函数定义</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-async-for-statement">8.8.2. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">async</span> <span class="pre">for</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-async-with-statement">8.8.3. <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">async</span> <span class="pre">with</span></code> 语句</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/toplevel_components.html">9. 最高层级组件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/toplevel_components.html#complete-python-programs">9.1. 完整的 Python 程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/toplevel_components.html#file-input">9.2. 文件输入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/toplevel_components.html#interactive-input">9.3. 交互式输入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/toplevel_components.html#expression-input">9.4. 表达式输入</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference/grammar.html">10. 完整的语法规范</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="library/index.html">Python 标准库</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/intro.html">概述</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/intro.html#notes-on-availability">可用性注释</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/functions.html">内置函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/constants.html">内置常量</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/constants.html#constants-added-by-the-site-module">由 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code> 模块添加的常量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html">内置类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing">逻辑值检测</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#boolean-operations-and-or-not">布尔运算 --- <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">and</span></code>, <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">or</span></code>, <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">not</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#comparisons">比较运算</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#numeric-types-int-float-complex">数字类型 --- <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complex</span></code></a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#bitwise-operations-on-integer-types">整数类型的按位运算</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#additional-methods-on-integer-types">整数类型的附加方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#additional-methods-on-float">浮点类型的附加方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#hashing-of-numeric-types">数字类型的哈希运算</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#iterator-types">迭代器类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#generator-types">生成器类型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#sequence-types-list-tuple-range">序列类型 --- <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range</span></code></a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#common-sequence-operations">通用序列操作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#immutable-sequence-types">不可变序列类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#mutable-sequence-types">可变序列类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#lists">列表</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#tuples">元组</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#ranges">range 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#text-sequence-type-str">文本序列类型 --- <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#string-methods">字符串的方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf</span></code> 风格的字符串格式化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#binary-sequence-types-bytes-bytearray-memoryview">二进制序列类型 --- <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memoryview</span></code></a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#bytes-objects">bytes 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#bytearray-objects">bytearray 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#bytes-and-bytearray-operations">bytes 和 bytearray 操作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-bytes-formatting"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printf</span></code> 风格的字节串格式化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#memory-views">内存视图</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset">集合类型 --- <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frozenset</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict">映射类型 --- <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#dictionary-view-objects">字典视图对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#context-manager-types">上下文管理器类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#other-built-in-types">其他内置类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#modules">模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#classes-and-class-instances">类与类实例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#functions">函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#methods">方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#code-objects">代码对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#type-objects">类型对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#the-null-object">空对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#the-ellipsis-object">省略符对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#the-notimplemented-object">未实现对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#boolean-values">布尔值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#internal-objects">内部对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#special-attributes">特殊属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#integer-string-conversion-length-limitation">整数字符串转换长度限制</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#affected-apis">受影响的 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#configuring-the-limit">配置限制值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stdtypes.html#recommended-configuration">推荐配置</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/exceptions.html">内置异常</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/exceptions.html#base-classes">基类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/exceptions.html#concrete-exceptions">具体异常</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/exceptions.html#os-exceptions">OS 异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/exceptions.html#warnings">警告</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/exceptions.html#exception-hierarchy">异常层次结构</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/text.html">文本处理服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/string.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code> --- 常见的字符串操作</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/string.html#string-constants">字符串常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/string.html#custom-string-formatting">自定义字符串格式化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/string.html#format-string-syntax">格式字符串语法</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/string.html#format-specification-mini-language">格式规格迷你语言</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/string.html#format-examples">格式示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/string.html#template-strings">模板字符串</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/string.html#helper-functions">辅助函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re</span></code> --- 正则表达式操作</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax">正则表达式语法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#module-contents">模块内容</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#regular-expression-objects">正则表达式对象 （正则对象）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#match-objects">匹配对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#regular-expression-examples">正则表达式例子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#checking-for-a-pair">检查对子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#simulating-scanf">模拟 scanf()</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#search-vs-match">search() vs. match()</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#making-a-phonebook">制作一个电话本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#text-munging">文字整理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#finding-all-adverbs">查找所有副词</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#finding-all-adverbs-and-their-positions">查找所有的副词及其位置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#raw-string-notation">原始字符串标记</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/re.html#writing-a-tokenizer">写一个词法分析器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/difflib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">difflib</span></code> --- 计算差异的辅助工具</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/difflib.html#sequencematcher-objects">SequenceMatcher 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/difflib.html#sequencematcher-examples">SequenceMatcher 的示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/difflib.html#differ-objects">Differ 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/difflib.html#differ-example">Differ 示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/difflib.html#a-command-line-interface-to-difflib">difflib 的命令行接口</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/textwrap.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">textwrap</span></code> --- 文本自动换行与填充</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unicodedata.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unicodedata</span></code> --- Unicode 数据库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stringprep.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stringprep</span></code> --- 因特网字符串预备</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/readline.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readline</span></code> --- GNU readline 接口</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/readline.html#init-file">初始化文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/readline.html#line-buffer">行缓冲区</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/readline.html#history-file">历史文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/readline.html#history-list">历史列表</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/readline.html#startup-hooks">启动钩子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/readline.html#completion">Completion</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/readline.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/rlcompleter.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rlcompleter</span></code> --- GNU readline 的补全函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/rlcompleter.html#completer-objects">Completer 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/binary.html">二进制数据服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/struct.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct</span></code> --- 将字节串解读为打包的二进制数据</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/struct.html#functions-and-exceptions">函数和异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/struct.html#format-strings">格式字符串</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/struct.html#byte-order-size-and-alignment">字节顺序，大小和对齐方式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/struct.html#format-characters">格式字符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/struct.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/struct.html#classes">类</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codecs</span></code> --- 编解码器注册和相关基类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#codec-base-classes">编解码器基类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#error-handlers">错误处理方案</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#stateless-encoding-and-decoding">无状态的编码和解码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#incremental-encoding-and-decoding">增量式的编码和解码</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#incrementalencoder-objects">IncrementalEncoder 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#incrementaldecoder-objects">IncrementalDecoder 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#stream-encoding-and-decoding">流式的编码和解码</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#streamwriter-objects">StreamWriter 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#streamreader-objects">StreamReader 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#streamreaderwriter-objects">StreamReaderWriter 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#streamrecoder-objects">StreamRecoder 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#encodings-and-unicode">编码格式与 Unicode</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#standard-encodings">标准编码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#python-specific-encodings">Python 专属的编码格式</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#text-encodings">文字编码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#binary-transforms">二进制转换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#text-transforms">文字转换</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#module-encodings.idna"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encodings.idna</span></code> --- 应用程序中的国际化域名</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#module-encodings.mbcs"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encodings.mbcs</span></code> --- Windows ANSI代码页</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codecs.html#module-encodings.utf_8_sig"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encodings.utf_8_sig</span></code> --- 带BOM签名的UTF-8编解码器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datatypes.html">数据类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> --- 基本日期和时间类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#aware-and-naive-objects">感知型对象和简单型对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#constants">常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#available-types">有效的类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#common-properties">通用的特征属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive">确定一个对象是感知型还是简单型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#timedelta-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code> 类对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#examples-of-usage-timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code> 用法示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#date-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#examples-of-usage-date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code> 用法示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#datetime-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#examples-of-usage-datetime">用法示例: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#time-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#examples-of-usage-time">用法示例: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#tzinfo-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#timezone-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code> 和 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code> 的行为</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></code> 和 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></code> Format Codes</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/datetime.html#technical-detail">技术细节</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/calendar.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar</span></code> --- 日历相关函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections</span></code> --- 容器数据类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#chainmap-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ChainMap</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#chainmap-examples-and-recipes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ChainMap</span></code> 例子和方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#counter-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Counter</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#deque-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deque</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#deque-recipes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deque</span></code> 用法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#defaultdict-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">defaultdict</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#defaultdict-examples"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">defaultdict</span></code> 例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#namedtuple-factory-function-for-tuples-with-named-fields"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">namedtuple()</span></code> 命名元组的工厂函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#ordereddict-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OrderedDict</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#ordereddict-examples-and-recipes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OrderedDict</span></code> 例子和用法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#userdict-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UserDict</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#userlist-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UserList</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.html#userstring-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UserString</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.abc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections.abc</span></code> --- 容器的抽象基类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/collections.abc.html#collections-abstract-base-classes">容器抽象基类</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/heapq.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">heapq</span></code> --- 堆队列算法</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/heapq.html#basic-examples">基本示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/heapq.html#priority-queue-implementation-notes">优先队列实现说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/heapq.html#theory">理论</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/bisect.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bisect</span></code> --- 数组二分查找算法</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/bisect.html#searching-sorted-lists">搜索有序列表</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/bisect.html#other-examples">其他示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/array.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code> --- 高效的数字数组</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/weakref.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weakref</span></code> --- 弱引用</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/weakref.html#weak-reference-objects">弱引用对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/weakref.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/weakref.html#finalizer-objects">终结器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/weakref.html#comparing-finalizers-with-del-methods">比较终结器与 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__del__()</span></code> 方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/types.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">types</span></code> --- 动态类型创建和内置类型名称</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/types.html#dynamic-type-creation">动态类型创建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/types.html#standard-interpreter-types">标准解释器类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/types.html#additional-utility-classes-and-functions">附加工具类和函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/types.html#coroutine-utility-functions">协程工具函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/copy.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">copy</span></code> --- 浅层 (shallow) 和深层 (deep) 复制操作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pprint.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pprint</span></code> --- 数据美化输出</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pprint.html#prettyprinter-objects">PrettyPrinter 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pprint.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/reprlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reprlib</span></code> --- 另一种 <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr()</span></code> 实现</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/reprlib.html#repr-objects">Repr 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/reprlib.html#subclassing-repr-objects">子类化 Repr 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enum</span></code> --- 对枚举的支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#module-contents">模块内容</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#creating-an-enum">创建 Enum</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#programmatic-access-to-enumeration-members-and-their-attributes">枚举成员及其属性的编程访问</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#duplicating-enum-members-and-values">重复的枚举成员和值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#ensuring-unique-enumeration-values">确保枚举值唯一</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#using-automatic-values">使用自动设定的值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#iteration">迭代</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#comparisons">比较运算</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#allowed-members-and-attributes-of-enumerations">合法的枚举成员和属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#restricted-enum-subclassing">受限的 Enum 子类化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#pickling">打包（pickle）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#functional-api">函数式 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#derived-enumerations">派生的枚举</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#intenum">IntEnum</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#intflag">IntFlag</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#flag">标志位</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#others">其他事项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#when-to-use-new-vs-init">何时使用 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__new__()</span></code> 与 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__()</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#interesting-examples">有趣的示例</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#omitting-values">省略值</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#using-auto">使用 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#using-object">使用 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">object</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#using-a-descriptive-string">使用描述性字符串</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#using-a-custom-new">使用自定义的 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__new__()</span></code></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#orderedenum">OrderedEnum</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#duplicatefreeenum">DuplicateFreeEnum</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#planet">Planet</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#timeperiod">TimePeriod</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#how-are-enums-different">各种枚举有何区别？</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#enum-classes">枚举类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#enum-members-aka-instances">枚举成员（即实例）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#finer-points">细节要点</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#supported-dunder-names">支持的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__dunder__</span></code> 名称</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#supported-sunder-names">支持的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_sunder_</span></code> 名称</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#enum-member-type"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code> 成员类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#boolean-value-of-enum-classes-and-members"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code> 类和成员的布尔值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#enum-classes-with-methods">带有方法的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Enum</span></code> 类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/enum.html#combining-members-of-flag">组合 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Flag</span></code> 的成员</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/numeric.html">数字和数学模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/numbers.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numbers</span></code> --- 数字的抽象基类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/numbers.html#the-numeric-tower">数字的层次</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/numbers.html#notes-for-type-implementors">类型接口注释。</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/numbers.html#adding-more-numeric-abcs">加入更多数字的ABC</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/numbers.html#implementing-the-arithmetic-operations">实现算术运算</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/math.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">math</span></code> --- 数学函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/math.html#number-theoretic-and-representation-functions">数论与表示函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/math.html#power-and-logarithmic-functions">幂函数与对数函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/math.html#trigonometric-functions">三角函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/math.html#angular-conversion">角度转换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/math.html#hyperbolic-functions">双曲函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/math.html#special-functions">特殊函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/math.html#constants">常量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmath.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cmath</span></code> --- 关于复数的数学函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmath.html#conversions-to-and-from-polar-coordinates">到极坐标和从极坐标的转换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmath.html#power-and-logarithmic-functions">幂函数与对数函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmath.html#trigonometric-functions">三角函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmath.html#hyperbolic-functions">双曲函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmath.html#classification-functions">分类函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmath.html#constants">常量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal</span></code> --- 十进制定点和浮点运算</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#quick-start-tutorial">快速入门教程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#decimal-objects">Decimal 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#logical-operands">逻辑操作数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#context-objects">上下文对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#constants">常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#rounding-modes">舍入模式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#signals">信号</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#floating-point-notes">浮点数说明</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#mitigating-round-off-error-with-increased-precision">通过提升精度来解决舍入错误</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#special-values">特殊的值</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#working-with-threads">使用线程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#recipes">例程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/decimal.html#decimal-faq">Decimal 常见问题</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/fractions.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fractions</span></code> --- 分数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/random.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">random</span></code> --- 生成伪随机数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/random.html#bookkeeping-functions">簿记功能</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/random.html#functions-for-integers">整数用函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/random.html#functions-for-sequences">序列用函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/random.html#real-valued-distributions">实值分布</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/random.html#alternative-generator">替代生成器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/random.html#notes-on-reproducibility">关于再现性的说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/random.html#examples-and-recipes">例子和配方</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/statistics.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">statistics</span></code> --- 数学统计函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/statistics.html#averages-and-measures-of-central-location">平均值以及对中心位置的评估</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/statistics.html#measures-of-spread">对分散程度的评估</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/statistics.html#function-details">函数细节</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/statistics.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/statistics.html#normaldist-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NormalDist</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/statistics.html#normaldist-examples-and-recipes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NormalDist</span></code> 示例和用法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/functional.html">函数式编程模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/itertools.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">itertools</span></code> --- 为高效循环而创建迭代器的函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/itertools.html#itertool-functions">Itertool函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/itertools.html#itertools-recipes">itertools 配方</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/functools.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">functools</span></code> --- 高阶函数和可调用对象上的操作</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/functools.html#partial-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">partial</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/operator.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">operator</span></code> --- 标准运算符替代函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/operator.html#mapping-operators-to-functions">将运算符映射到函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/operator.html#in-place-operators">原地运算符</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/filesys.html">文件和目录访问</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib</span></code> --- 面向对象的文件系统路径</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html#basic-use">基础使用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html#pure-paths">纯路径</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html#general-properties">通用性质</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html#operators">运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html#accessing-individual-parts">访问个别部分</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html#methods-and-properties">方法和特征属性</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html#concrete-paths">具体路径</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html#methods">方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pathlib.html#correspondence-to-tools-in-the-os-module">对应的 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code> 模块的工具</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.path.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path</span></code> --- 常用路径操作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/fileinput.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileinput</span></code> --- 迭代来自多个输入流的行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/stat.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat</span></code> --- 解析 <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code> 结果</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/filecmp.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filecmp</span></code> --- 文件及目录的比较</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/filecmp.html#the-dircmp-class"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dircmp</span></code> 类</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tempfile.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tempfile</span></code> --- 生成临时文件和目录</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tempfile.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tempfile.html#deprecated-functions-and-variables">已弃用的函数和变量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/glob.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">glob</span></code> --- Unix 风格路径名模式扩展</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/fnmatch.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fnmatch</span></code> --- Unix 文件名模式匹配</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/linecache.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">linecache</span></code> --- 随机读写文本行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shutil.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shutil</span></code> --- 高阶文件操作</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shutil.html#directory-and-files-operations">目录和文件操作</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shutil.html#platform-dependent-efficient-copy-operations">依赖于具体平台的高效拷贝操作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shutil.html#copytree-example">copytree 示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shutil.html#rmtree-example">rmtree 示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shutil.html#archiving-operations">归档操作</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shutil.html#archiving-example">归档程序示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shutil.html#archiving-example-with-base-dir">使用 <em>base_dir</em> 的归档程序示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shutil.html#querying-the-size-of-the-output-terminal">查询输出终端的尺寸</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/persistence.html">数据持久化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle</span></code> --- Python 对象序列化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#relationship-to-other-python-modules">与其他 Python 模块间的关系</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#comparison-with-marshal">与 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">marshal</span></code> 间的关系</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#comparison-with-json">与 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json</span></code> 模块的比较</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#data-stream-format">数据流格式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#module-interface">模块接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#what-can-be-pickled-and-unpickled">可以被封存/解封的对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#pickling-class-instances">封存类实例</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#persistence-of-external-objects">持久化外部对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#dispatch-tables">Dispatch 表</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#handling-stateful-objects">处理有状态的对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#custom-reduction-for-types-functions-and-other-objects">类型，函数和其他对象的自定义归约</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#out-of-band-buffers">外部缓冲区</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#provider-api">提供方 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#consumer-api">使用方 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#restricting-globals">限制全局变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#performance">性能</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickle.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/copyreg.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">copyreg</span></code> --- 注册配合 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle</span></code> 模块使用的函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/copyreg.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shelve.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shelve</span></code> --- Python 对象持久化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shelve.html#restrictions">限制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shelve.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/marshal.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">marshal</span></code> --- 内部 Python 对象序列化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dbm.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dbm</span></code> --- Unix "数据库" 接口</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm.gnu"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dbm.gnu</span></code> --- GNU 对 dbm 的重解析</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm.ndbm"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dbm.ndbm</span></code> --- 基于 ndbm 的接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm.dumb"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dbm.dumb</span></code> --- 便携式 DBM 实现</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3</span></code> --- SQLite 数据库 DB-API 2.0 接口模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#module-functions-and-constants">模块函数和常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#connection-objects">连接对象（Connection）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#cursor-objects">Cursor 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#row-objects">行对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#sqlite-and-python-types">SQLite 与 Python 类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#using-adapters-to-store-additional-python-types-in-sqlite-databases">使用适配器将额外的 Python 类型保存在 SQLite 数据库中。</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#letting-your-object-adapt-itself">让对象自行适配</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#registering-an-adapter-callable">注册可调用的适配器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#converting-sqlite-values-to-custom-python-types">将SQLite 值转换为自定义Python 类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#default-adapters-and-converters">默认适配器和转换器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#controlling-transactions">控制事务</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#using-sqlite3-efficiently">有效使用 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3</span></code></a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#using-shortcut-methods">使用快捷方式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#accessing-columns-by-name-instead-of-by-index">通过名称而不是索引访问索引</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sqlite3.html#using-the-connection-as-a-context-manager">使用连接作为上下文管理器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/archiving.html">数据压缩和存档</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zlib</span></code> --- 与 <strong class="program">gzip</strong> 兼容的压缩</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gzip.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gzip</span></code> --- 对 <strong class="program">gzip</strong> 格式的支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gzip.html#examples-of-usage">用法示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gzip.html#command-line-interface">命令行界面</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gzip.html#command-line-options">命令行选项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/bz2.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bz2</span></code> --- 对 <strong class="program">bzip2</strong> 压缩算法的支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/bz2.html#de-compression-of-files">文件压缩和解压</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/bz2.html#incremental-de-compression">增量压缩和解压</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/bz2.html#one-shot-de-compression">一次性压缩或解压缩</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/bz2.html#examples-of-usage">用法示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/lzma.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lzma</span></code> --- 用 LZMA 算法压缩</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/lzma.html#reading-and-writing-compressed-files">读写压缩文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/lzma.html#compressing-and-decompressing-data-in-memory">在内存中压缩和解压缩数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/lzma.html#miscellaneous">杂项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/lzma.html#specifying-custom-filter-chains">指定自定义的过滤器链</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/lzma.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipfile</span></code> --- 使用ZIP存档</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#zipfile-objects">ZipFile 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#path-objects">Path 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#pyzipfile-objects">PyZipFile 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#zipinfo-objects">ZipInfo 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#command-line-interface">命令行界面</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#command-line-options">命令行选项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#decompression-pitfalls">解压缩的障碍</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#from-file-itself">由于文件本身</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#file-system-limitations">文件系统限制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#resources-limitations">资源限制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#interruption">中断</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipfile.html#default-behaviors-of-extraction">提取的默认行为</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tarfile</span></code> --- 读写tar归档文件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#tarfile-objects">TarFile 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#tarinfo-objects">TarInfo 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#extraction-filters">解压缩过滤器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#default-named-filters">默认的命名过滤器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#filter-errors">过滤器错误</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#hints-for-further-verification">进一步核验的提示</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#supporting-older-python-versions">支持较早的 Python 版本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#stateful-extraction-filter-example">有状态的提取过滤器示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#command-line-interface">命令行接口</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#command-line-options">命令行选项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#supported-tar-formats">受支持的 tar 格式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tarfile.html#unicode-issues">Unicode 问题</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/fileformats.html">文件格式</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/csv.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code> --- CSV 文件读写</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/csv.html#module-contents">模块内容</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/csv.html#dialects-and-formatting-parameters">变种与格式参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/csv.html#reader-objects">Reader 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/csv.html#writer-objects">Writer 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/csv.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">configparser</span></code> --- 配置文件解析器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#quick-start">快速起步</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#supported-datatypes">支持的数据类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#fallback-values">回退值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#supported-ini-file-structure">受支持的 INI 文件结构</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#interpolation-of-values">值的插值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#mapping-protocol-access">映射协议访问</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#customizing-parser-behaviour">定制解析器行为</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#legacy-api-examples">旧式 API 示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#configparser-objects">ConfigParser 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#rawconfigparser-objects">RawConfigParser 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/configparser.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/netrc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code> --- netrc 文件处理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/netrc.html#netrc-objects">netrc 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xdrlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xdrlib</span></code> --- 编码与解码 XDR 数据</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xdrlib.html#packer-objects">Packer 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xdrlib.html#unpacker-objects">Unpacker 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xdrlib.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/plistlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plistlib</span></code> --- 生成与解析 Mac OS X <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.plist</span></code> 文件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/plistlib.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/crypto.html">加密服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hashlib</span></code> --- 安全哈希与消息摘要</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#hash-algorithms">哈希算法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#shake-variable-length-digests">SHAKE 可变长度摘要</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#key-derivation">密钥派生</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#blake2">BLAKE2</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#creating-hash-objects">创建哈希对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#constants">常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#examples">例子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#simple-hashing">简单哈希</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#using-different-digest-sizes">使用不同的摘要大小</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#keyed-hashing">密钥哈希</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#randomized-hashing">随机哈希</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#personalization">个性化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#tree-mode">树形模式</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hashlib.html#credits">开发人员</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/hmac.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hmac</span></code> --- 基于密钥的消息验证</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/secrets.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">secrets</span></code> --- 生成管理密码的安全随机数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/secrets.html#random-numbers">随机数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/secrets.html#generating-tokens">生成 Token</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/secrets.html#how-many-bytes-should-tokens-use">Token 应当使用多少个字节？</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/secrets.html#other-functions">其他功能</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/secrets.html#recipes-and-best-practices">应用技巧与最佳实践</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/allos.html">通用操作系统服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code> --- 多种操作系统接口</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#file-names-command-line-arguments-and-environment-variables">文件名，命令行参数，以及环境变量。</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#process-parameters">进程参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#file-object-creation">创建文件对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#file-descriptor-operations">文件描述符操作</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal">查询终端的尺寸</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#inheritance-of-file-descriptors">文件描述符的继承</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#files-and-directories">文件和目录</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#linux-extended-attributes">Linux 扩展属性</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#process-management">进程管理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#interface-to-the-scheduler">调度器接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#miscellaneous-system-information">其他系统信息</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/os.html#random-numbers">随机数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io</span></code> --- 处理流的核心工具</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#overview">概述</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#text-i-o">文本 I/O</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#binary-i-o">二进制 I/O</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#raw-i-o">原始 I/O</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#high-level-module-interface">高阶模块接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#class-hierarchy">类的层次结构</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#i-o-base-classes">I/O 基类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#raw-file-i-o">原始文件 I/O</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#buffered-streams">缓冲流</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#id1">文本 I/O</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#performance">性能</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#id2">二进制 I/O</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#id3">文本 I/O</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#multi-threading">多线程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/io.html#reentrancy">可重入性</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/time.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code> --- 时间的访问和转换</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/time.html#functions">函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/time.html#clock-id-constants">Clock ID 常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/time.html#timezone-constants">时区常量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">argparse</span></code> --- 命令行选项、参数和子命令解析器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#example">示例</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#creating-a-parser">创建一个解析器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#adding-arguments">添加参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#parsing-arguments">解析参数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#argumentparser-objects">ArgumentParser 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#prog">prog</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#usage">usage</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#description">description</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#epilog">epilog</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#parents">parents</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#formatter-class">formatter_class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#prefix-chars">prefix_chars</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#fromfile-prefix-chars">fromfile_prefix_chars</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#argument-default">argument_default</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#allow-abbrev">allow_abbrev</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#conflict-handler">conflict_handler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#add-help">add_help</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#the-add-argument-method">add_argument() 方法</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#name-or-flags">name or flags</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#action">action</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#nargs">nargs</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#const">const</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#default">默认值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#type">type</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#choices">choices</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#required">required</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#help">help</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#metavar">metavar</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#dest">dest</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#action-classes">Action 类</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#the-parse-args-method">parse_args() 方法</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#option-value-syntax">选项值语法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#invalid-arguments">无效的参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#arguments-containing">包含 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> 的参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#argument-abbreviations-prefix-matching">参数缩写（前缀匹配）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#beyond-sys-argv">在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.argv</span></code> 以外</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#the-namespace-object">命名空间对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#other-utilities">其它实用工具</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#sub-commands">子命令</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#filetype-objects">FileType 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#argument-groups">参数组</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#mutual-exclusion">互斥</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#parser-defaults">解析器默认值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#printing-help">打印帮助</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#partial-parsing">部分解析</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#customizing-file-parsing">自定义文件解析</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#exiting-methods">退出方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#intermixed-parsing">混合解析</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/argparse.html#upgrading-optparse-code">升级 optparse 代码</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/getopt.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getopt</span></code> --- C 风格的命令行选项解析器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging</span></code> --- Python 的日志记录工具</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#logger-objects">记录器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#logging-levels">日志级别</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#handler-objects">处理器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#formatter-objects">格式器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#filter-objects">过滤器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#logrecord-objects">LogRecord 属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#logrecord-attributes">LogRecord 属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#loggeradapter-objects">LoggerAdapter 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#thread-safety">线程安全</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#module-level-functions">模块级函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#module-level-attributes">模块级属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.html#integration-with-the-warnings-module">与警告模块集成</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging.config</span></code> --- 日志记录配置</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#configuration-functions">配置函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#configuration-dictionary-schema">配置字典架构</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#dictionary-schema-details">字典架构细节</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#incremental-configuration">增量配置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#object-connections">对象连接</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#user-defined-objects">用户定义对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#access-to-external-objects">访问外部对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#access-to-internal-objects">访问内部对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#import-resolution-and-custom-importers">导入解析与定制导入器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.config.html#configuration-file-format">配置文件格式</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging.handlers</span></code> --- 日志处理程序</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#streamhandler">StreamHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#filehandler">FileHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#nullhandler">NullHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#watchedfilehandler">WatchedFileHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#baserotatinghandler">BaseRotatingHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#rotatingfilehandler">RotatingFileHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#timedrotatingfilehandler">TimedRotatingFileHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#sockethandler">SocketHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#datagramhandler">DatagramHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#sysloghandler">SysLogHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#nteventloghandler">NTEventLogHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#smtphandler">SMTPHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#memoryhandler">MemoryHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#httphandler">HTTPHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#queuehandler">QueueHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/logging.handlers.html#queuelistener">QueueListener</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/getpass.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getpass</span></code> --- 便携式密码输入工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">curses</span></code> --- 终端字符单元显示的处理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.html#functions">函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.html#window-objects">Window 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.html#constants">常量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.html#module-curses.textpad"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">curses.textpad</span></code> --- 用于 curses 程序的文本输入控件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.html#textbox-objects">文本框对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.ascii.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">curses.ascii</span></code> --- 用于 ASCII 字符的工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.panel.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">curses.panel</span></code> --- curses 的 panel 栈扩展</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.panel.html#functions">函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/curses.panel.html#panel-objects">Panel 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/platform.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">platform</span></code> --- 获取底层平台的标识数据</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/platform.html#cross-platform">跨平台</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/platform.html#java-platform">Java平台</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/platform.html#windows-platform">Windows平台</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/platform.html#mac-os-platform">Mac OS平台</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/platform.html#unix-platforms">Unix 平台</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/errno.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> --- 标准 errno 系统符号</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes</span></code> --- Python 的外部函数库</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#ctypes-tutorial">ctypes 教程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#loading-dynamic-link-libraries">载入动态连接库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#accessing-functions-from-loaded-dlls">操作导入的动态链接库中的函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#calling-functions">调用函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#fundamental-data-types">基础数据类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#calling-functions-continued">调用函数，继续</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#calling-functions-with-your-own-custom-data-types">使用自定义的数据类型调用函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#specifying-the-required-argument-types-function-prototypes">指定必选参数的类型(函数原型)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#return-types">返回类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#passing-pointers-or-passing-parameters-by-reference">传递指针（或以引用方式传递形参）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#structures-and-unions">结构体和联合</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#structure-union-alignment-and-byte-order">结构体/联合字段对齐及字节顺序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#bit-fields-in-structures-and-unions">结构体和联合中的位域</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#arrays">数组</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#pointers">指针</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#type-conversions">类型转换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#incomplete-types">不完整类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#callback-functions">回调函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#accessing-values-exported-from-dlls">访问 dll 的导出变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#surprises">意外</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#variable-sized-data-types">变长数据类型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#ctypes-reference">ctypes 参考手册</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#finding-shared-libraries">寻找动态链接库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#loading-shared-libraries">加载动态链接库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#foreign-functions">外部函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#function-prototypes">函数原型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#utility-functions">工具函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#data-types">数据类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#ctypes-fundamental-data-types-2">基础数据类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#structured-data-types">结构化数据类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ctypes.html#arrays-and-pointers">数组与指针</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrency.html">并发执行</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading</span></code> --- 基于线程的并行</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#thread-local-data">线程本地数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#thread-objects">线程对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#lock-objects">锁对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#rlock-objects">递归锁对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#condition-objects">条件对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#semaphore-objects">信号量对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#semaphore-example"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Semaphore</span></code> 例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#event-objects">事件对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#timer-objects">定时器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#barrier-objects">栅栏对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/threading.html#using-locks-conditions-and-semaphores-in-the-with-statement">在 <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code> 语句中使用锁、条件和信号量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiprocessing</span></code> --- 基于进程的并行</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#introduction">概述</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#the-process-class"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Process</span></code> 类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#contexts-and-start-methods">上下文和启动方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#exchanging-objects-between-processes">在进程之间交换对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#synchronization-between-processes">进程间同步</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#sharing-state-between-processes">进程间共享状态</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#using-a-pool-of-workers">使用工作进程</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#reference">参考</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#process-and-exceptions"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Process</span></code> 和异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#pipes-and-queues">管道和队列</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#miscellaneous">杂项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#connection-objects">连接对象（Connection）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#synchronization-primitives">同步原语</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#shared-ctypes-objects">共享 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.sharedctypes"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiprocessing.sharedctypes</span></code> 模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#managers">管理器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#customized-managers">自定义管理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#using-a-remote-manager">使用远程管理器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#proxy-objects">代理对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#cleanup">清理</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.pool">进程池</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.connection">监听器及客户端</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#address-formats">地址格式</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#authentication-keys">认证密码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#logging">日志记录</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.dummy"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiprocessing.dummy</span></code> 模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#programming-guidelines">编程指导</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#all-start-methods">所有start方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#the-spawn-and-forkserver-start-methods"><em>spawn</em> 和 <em>forkserver</em> 启动方式</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/multiprocessing.shared_memory.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiprocessing.shared_memory</span></code> --- 可从进程直接访问的共享内存</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrent</span></code> 包</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.futures.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrent.futures</span></code> --- 启动并行任务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.futures.html#executor-objects">Executor 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.futures.html#threadpoolexecutor">ThreadPoolExecutor</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.futures.html#threadpoolexecutor-example">ThreadPoolExecutor 例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.futures.html#processpoolexecutor">ProcessPoolExecutor</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.futures.html#processpoolexecutor-example">ProcessPoolExecutor 例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.futures.html#future-objects">Future 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.futures.html#module-functions">模块函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/concurrent.futures.html#exception-classes">Exception 类</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code> --- 子进程管理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#using-the-subprocess-module">使用 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code> 模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#frequently-used-arguments">常用参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#popen-constructor">Popen 构造函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#security-considerations">安全考量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#popen-objects">Popen 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#windows-popen-helpers">Windows Popen 助手</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#windows-constants">Windows 常数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#older-high-level-api">较旧的高阶 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#replacing-older-functions-with-the-subprocess-module">使用 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code> 模块替换旧函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#replacing-bin-sh-shell-command-substitution">替代 <strong class="program">/bin/sh</strong> shell 命令替换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#replacing-shell-pipeline">替代 shell 管道</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#replacing-os-system">替代 <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.system()</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#replacing-the-os-spawn-family">替代 <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.spawn</span></code> 函数族</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#replacing-os-popen-os-popen2-os-popen3">替代 <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.popen()</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.popen2()</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.popen3()</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#replacing-functions-from-the-popen2-module">来自 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen2</span></code> 模块的替代函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#legacy-shell-invocation-functions">旧式的 Shell 发起函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#notes">备注</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/subprocess.html#converting-an-argument-sequence-to-a-string-on-windows">在 Windows 上将参数列表转换为一个字符串</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sched.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sched</span></code> --- 事件调度器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sched.html#scheduler-objects">调度器对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/queue.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">queue</span></code> --- 一个同步的队列类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/queue.html#queue-objects">Queue对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/queue.html#simplequeue-objects">SimpleQueue 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextvars.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contextvars</span></code> --- 上下文变量</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextvars.html#context-variables">上下文变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextvars.html#manual-context-management">手动上下文管理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextvars.html#asyncio-support">asyncio 支持</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/_thread.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_thread</span></code> --- 底层多线程 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/_dummy_thread.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_dummy_thread</span></code> --- <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_thread</span></code> 的替代模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dummy_threading.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dummy_threading</span></code> --- 可直接替代 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading</span></code> 模块。</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipc.html">网络和进程间通信</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code> --- 异步 I/O</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html">协程与任务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#coroutines">协程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#awaitables">可等待对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#running-an-asyncio-program">运行 asyncio 程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#creating-tasks">创建任务</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#sleeping">休眠</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#running-tasks-concurrently">并发运行任务</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#shielding-from-cancellation">屏蔽取消操作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#timeouts">超时</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#waiting-primitives">简单等待</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#scheduling-from-other-threads">跨线程调度</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#introspection">内省</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#task-object">Task 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-task.html#generator-based-coroutines">基于生成器的协程</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-stream.html">流</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-stream.html#streamreader">StreamReader</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-stream.html#streamwriter">StreamWriter</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-stream.html#examples">例子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-stream.html#tcp-echo-client-using-streams">使用流的 TCP 回显客户端</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-stream.html#tcp-echo-server-using-streams">使用流的 TCP 回显服务器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-stream.html#get-http-headers">获取 HTTP 标头</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-stream.html#register-an-open-socket-to-wait-for-data-using-streams">注册一个打开的套接字以等待使用流的数据</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-sync.html">同步原语</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-sync.html#lock">Lock</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-sync.html#event">Event</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-sync.html#condition">Condition</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-sync.html#semaphore">Semaphore</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-sync.html#boundedsemaphore">BoundedSemaphore</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-subprocess.html">子进程集</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-subprocess.html#creating-subprocesses">创建子进程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-subprocess.html#constants">常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-subprocess.html#interacting-with-subprocesses">与子进程交互</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-subprocess.html#subprocess-and-threads">子进程和线程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-subprocess.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-queue.html">队列集</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-queue.html#queue">Queue</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-queue.html#priority-queue">优先级队列</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-queue.html#lifo-queue">后进先出队列</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-queue.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-queue.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-exceptions.html">异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html">事件循环</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#event-loop-methods">事件循环方法集</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#running-and-stopping-the-loop">运行和停止循环</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#scheduling-callbacks">安排回调</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#scheduling-delayed-callbacks">调度延迟回调</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#creating-futures-and-tasks">创建 Future 和 Task</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#opening-network-connections">打开网络连接</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#creating-network-servers">创建网络服务</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#transferring-files">传输文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#tls-upgrade">TLS 升级</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#watching-file-descriptors">监控文件描述符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#working-with-socket-objects-directly">直接使用 socket 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#dns">DNS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#working-with-pipes">使用管道</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#unix-signals">Unix 信号</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#executing-code-in-thread-or-process-pools">在线程或者进程池中执行代码。</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#error-handling-api">错误处理API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#enabling-debug-mode">开启调试模式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#running-subprocesses">运行子进程</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#callback-handles">回调处理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#server-objects">Server 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#event-loop-implementations">事件循环实现</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#examples">例子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#hello-world-with-call-soon">call_soon() 的 Hello World 示例。</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#display-the-current-date-with-call-later">使用 call_later() 来展示当前的日期</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#watch-a-file-descriptor-for-read-events">监控一个文件描述符的读事件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-eventloop.html#set-signal-handlers-for-sigint-and-sigterm">为SIGINT和SIGTERM设置信号处理器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-future.html">Futures</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-future.html#future-functions">Future 函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-future.html#future-object">Future 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html">传输和协议</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#transports">传输</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#transports-hierarchy">传输层级</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#base-transport">基础传输</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#read-only-transports">只读传输</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#write-only-transports">只写传输</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#datagram-transports">数据报传输</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#subprocess-transports">子进程传输</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#protocols">协议</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#base-protocols">基础协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#base-protocol">基础协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#streaming-protocols">流协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#buffered-streaming-protocols">缓冲流协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#datagram-protocols">数据报协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#subprocess-protocols">子进程协议</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#examples">例子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#tcp-echo-server">TCP回应服务器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#tcp-echo-client">TCP回应客户端</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#udp-echo-server">UDP回应服务器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#udp-echo-client">UDP回应客户端</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#connecting-existing-sockets">链接已存在的套接字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-protocol.html#loop-subprocess-exec-and-subprocessprotocol">loop.subprocess_exec() 与 SubprocessProtocol</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-policy.html">策略</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-policy.html#getting-and-setting-the-policy">获取和设置策略</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-policy.html#policy-objects">策略对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-policy.html#process-watchers">进程监视器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-policy.html#custom-policies">自定义策略</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-platforms.html">平台支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-platforms.html#all-platforms">所有平台</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-platforms.html#windows">Windows</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-platforms.html#subprocess-support-on-windows">Windows的子进程支持</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-platforms.html#macos">macOS</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-api-index.html">高级API索引</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-api-index.html#tasks">任务</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-api-index.html#queues">队列集</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-api-index.html#subprocesses">子进程集</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-api-index.html#streams">流</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-api-index.html#synchronization">同步</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-api-index.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-llapi-index.html">底层API目录</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#obtaining-the-event-loop">获取事件循环</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#event-loop-methods">事件循环方法集</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#transports">传输</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#protocols">协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-llapi-index.html#event-loop-policies">事件循环策略</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-dev.html">用 asyncio 开发</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-dev.html#debug-mode">Debug 模式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-dev.html#concurrency-and-multithreading">并发性和多线程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-dev.html#running-blocking-code">运行阻塞的代码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-dev.html#logging">日志记录</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-dev.html#detect-never-awaited-coroutines">检测 never-awaited 协同程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncio-dev.html#detect-never-retrieved-exceptions">检测就再也没异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code> --- 底层网络接口</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#socket-families">套接字协议族</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#module-contents">模块内容</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#constants">常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#functions">函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#creating-sockets">创建套接字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#other-functions">其他功能</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#socket-objects">套接字对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#notes-on-socket-timeouts">关于套接字超时的说明</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#timeouts-and-the-connect-method">超时与 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connect</span></code> 方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#timeouts-and-the-accept-method">超时与 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">accept</span></code> 方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socket.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl</span></code> --- 套接字对象的 TLS/SSL 包装器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#functions-constants-and-exceptions">方法、常量和异常处理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#socket-creation">套接字创建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#context-creation">上下文创建</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#random-generation">随机生成</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#certificate-handling">证书处理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#constants">常量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#ssl-sockets">SSL 套接字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#ssl-contexts">SSL 上下文</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#certificates">证书</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#certificate-chains">证书链</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#ca-certificates">CA 证书</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#combined-key-and-certificate">合并的密钥和证书</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#self-signed-certificates">自签名证书</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#examples">例子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#testing-for-ssl-support">检测 SSL 支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#client-side-operation">客户端操作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#server-side-operation">服务器端操作</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#notes-on-non-blocking-sockets">关于非阻塞套接字的说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#memory-bio-support">内存 BIO 支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#ssl-session">SSL 会话</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#security-considerations">安全考量</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#best-defaults">最佳默认值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#manual-settings">手动设置</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#verifying-certificates">验证证书</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#protocol-versions">协议版本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#cipher-selection">密码选择</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#multi-processing">多进程</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#tls-1-3">TLS 1.3</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ssl.html#libressl-support">LibreSSL 支持</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/select.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code> --- 等待 I/O 完成</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/select.html#dev-poll-polling-objects"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/poll</span></code> 轮询对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/select.html#edge-and-level-trigger-polling-epoll-objects">边缘触发和水平触发的轮询 (epoll) 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/select.html#polling-objects">Poll 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/select.html#kqueue-objects">Kqueue 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/select.html#kevent-objects">Kevent 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/selectors.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">selectors</span></code> --- 高级 I/O 复用库</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/selectors.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/selectors.html#classes">类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/selectors.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncore.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncore</span></code> --- 异步套接字处理器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncore.html#asyncore-example-basic-http-client">asyncore 示例基本 HTTP 客户端</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asyncore.html#asyncore-example-basic-echo-server">asyncore 示例基本回显服务器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asynchat.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asynchat</span></code> --- 异步套接字指令/响应处理程序</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/asynchat.html#asynchat-example">asynchat 示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/signal.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal</span></code> --- 设置异步事件处理程序</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/signal.html#general-rules">一般规则</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/signal.html#execution-of-python-signal-handlers">执行 Python 信号处理程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/signal.html#signals-and-threads">信号与线程</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/signal.html#module-contents">模块内容</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/signal.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/signal.html#note-on-sigpipe">对于 SIGPIPE 的说明</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mmap.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mmap</span></code> --- 内存映射文件支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mmap.html#madv-constants">MADV_* 常量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/netdata.html">互联网数据处理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code> --- 电子邮件与 MIME 处理包</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.message.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.message</span></code>: 表示一封电子邮件信息</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.parser.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.parser</span></code>: 解析电子邮件信息</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.parser.html#feedparser-api">FeedParser API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.parser.html#parser-api">Parser API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.parser.html#additional-notes">附加说明</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.generator.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.generator</span></code>: 生成 MIME 文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.policy.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.policy</span></code>: Policy 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.errors.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.errors</span></code>: 异常和缺陷类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.headerregistry.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.headerregistry</span></code>: 自定义标头对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.contentmanager.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.contentmanager</span></code>: 管理 MIME 内容</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.contentmanager.html#content-manager-instances">内容管理器实例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.examples.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code>: 示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.compat32-message.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.message.Message</span></code>: 使用 <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compat32</span></code> API 来表示电子邮件消息</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.mime.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.mime</span></code>: 从头创建电子邮件和 MIME 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.header.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.header</span></code>: 国际化标头</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.charset.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.charset</span></code>: 表示字符集</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.encoders.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.encoders</span></code>: 编码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.utils.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.utils</span></code>: 其他工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/email.iterators.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.iterators</span></code>: 迭代器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json</span></code> --- JSON 编码和解码器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#basic-usage">基本使用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#encoders-and-decoders">编码器和解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#standard-compliance-and-interoperability">标准符合性和互操作性</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#character-encodings">字符编码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#infinite-and-nan-number-values">Infinite 和 NaN 数值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#repeated-names-within-an-object">对象中的重复名称</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#top-level-non-object-non-array-values">顶级非对象，非数组值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#implementation-limitations">实现限制</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#module-json.tool">命令行界面</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/json.html#command-line-options">命令行选项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailcap.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mailcap</span></code> --- Mailcap 文件处理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mailbox</span></code> --- 操作多种格式的邮箱</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#mailbox-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mailbox</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#maildir"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Maildir</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#mbox"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mbox</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#mh"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MH</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#babyl"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Babyl</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#mmdf"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MMDF</span></code></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#message-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Message</span></code> 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#maildirmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MaildirMessage</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#mboxmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mboxMessage</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#mhmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MHMessage</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#babylmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BabylMessage</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#mmdfmessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MMDFMessage</span></code></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mailbox.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mimetypes.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mimetypes</span></code> --- 映射文件夹到 MIME 类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mimetypes.html#mimetypes-objects">MimeTypes 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/base64.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code> --- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 数据编码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/binhex.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binhex</span></code> --- 对binhex4文件进行编码和解码</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/binhex.html#notes">注释</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/binascii.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code> --- 二进制和 ASCII 码互转</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/quopri.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quopri</span></code> --- 编码与解码经过 MIME 转码的可打印数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/uu.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uu</span></code> --- 对 uuencode 文件进行编码与解码</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/markup.html">结构化标记处理工具</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/html.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">html</span></code> --- 超文本标记语言支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/html.parser.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">html.parser</span></code> --- 简单的 HTML 和 XHTML 解析器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/html.parser.html#example-html-parser-application">HTML 解析器的示例程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/html.parser.html#htmlparser-methods"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTMLParser</span></code> 方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/html.parser.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/html.entities.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">html.entities</span></code> --- HTML 一般实体的定义</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.html">XML处理模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities">XML 漏洞</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.html#the-defusedxml-package"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">defusedxml</span></code> 包</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.etree.ElementTree</span></code> --- ElementTree XML API</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#tutorial">教程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml-tree-and-elements">XML 树和元素</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#parsing-xml">解析 XML</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#pull-api-for-non-blocking-parsing">用于非阻塞解析的拉取 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#finding-interesting-elements">查找感兴趣的元素</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#modifying-an-xml-file">修改XML文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#building-xml-documents">构建 XML 文档</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#parsing-xml-with-namespaces">解析带有命名空间的 XML</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#additional-resources">其他资源</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xpath-support">XPath支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#supported-xpath-syntax">支持的XPath语法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#reference">参考</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#functions">函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xinclude-support">XInclude 支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#id3">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#id4">参考</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#elementinclude-functions">函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#element-objects">元素对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#elementtree-objects">ElementTree 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#qname-objects">QName 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#treebuilder-objects">TreeBuilder 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xmlparser-objects">XMLParser对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xmlpullparser-objects">XMLPullParser对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code> --- 文档对象模型 API</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#module-contents">模块内容</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#objects-in-the-dom">DOM 中的对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#domimplementation-objects">DOMImplementation 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#node-objects">节点对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#nodelist-objects">节点列表对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#documenttype-objects">文档类型对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#document-objects">文档对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#element-objects">元素对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#attr-objects">Attr 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#namednodemap-objects">NamedNodeMap 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#comment-objects">注释对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#text-and-cdatasection-objects">Text 和 CDATASection 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#processinginstruction-objects">ProcessingInstruction 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#conformance">一致性</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#type-mapping">类型映射</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.html#accessor-methods">访问器方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.minidom.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code> --- 最小化的 DOM 实现</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.minidom.html#dom-objects">DOM 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.minidom.html#dom-example">DOM 示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.minidom.html#minidom-and-the-dom-standard">minidom 和 DOM 标准</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.pulldom.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code> --- 支持构建部分 DOM 树</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.dom.pulldom.html#domeventstream-objects">DOMEventStream 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax</span></code> --- 支持 SAX2 解析器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.html#saxexception-objects">SAXException 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.handler.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.handler</span></code> --- SAX 处理器的基类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.handler.html#contenthandler-objects">ContentHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.handler.html#dtdhandler-objects">DTDHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.handler.html#entityresolver-objects">EntityResolver 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.handler.html#errorhandler-objects">ErrorHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.utils.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.saxutils</span></code> --- SAX 工具集</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.reader.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.sax.xmlreader</span></code> --- 用于 XML 解析器的接口</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#xmlreader-objects">XMLReader 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#incrementalparser-objects">IncrementalParser 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#locator-objects">Locator 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#inputsource-objects">InputSource 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#the-attributes-interface"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Attributes</span></code> 接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#the-attributesns-interface"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributesNS</span></code> 接口</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pyexpat.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.parsers.expat</span></code> --- 使用 Expat 的快速 XML 解析</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pyexpat.html#xmlparser-objects">XMLParser对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pyexpat.html#expaterror-exceptions">ExpatError 异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pyexpat.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.model">内容模型描述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.errors">Expat 错误常量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/internet.html">互联网协议和支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/webbrowser.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">webbrowser</span></code> --- 方便的Web浏览器控制器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/webbrowser.html#browser-controller-objects">浏览器控制器对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cgi</span></code> --- 通用网关接口支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html#using-the-cgi-module">使用 cgi 模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html#higher-level-interface">更高层级的接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html#functions">函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html#caring-about-security">对于安全性的关注</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html#installing-your-cgi-script-on-a-unix-system">在 Unix 系统上安装你的 CGI 脚本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html#testing-your-cgi-script">测试你的 CGI 脚本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html#debugging-cgi-scripts">调试 CGI 脚本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgi.html#common-problems-and-solutions">常见问题和解决方案</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cgitb.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cgitb</span></code> --- 用于 CGI 脚本的回溯管理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wsgiref.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wsgiref</span></code> --- WSGI 工具和参考实现</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.util"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wsgiref.util</span></code> -- WSGI 环境工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.headers"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wsgiref.headers</span></code> -- WSGI 响应标头工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.simple_server"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wsgiref.simple_server</span></code> -- 一个简单的 WSGI HTTP 服务器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.validate"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wsgiref.validate</span></code> --- WSGI 一致性检查器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.handlers"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wsgiref.handlers</span></code> -- 服务器/网关基类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wsgiref.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib</span></code> --- URL 处理模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.request</span></code> --- 用于打开 URL 的可扩展库</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#request-objects">Request 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#openerdirector-objects">OpenerDirector 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#basehandler-objects">BaseHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#httpredirecthandler-objects">HTTPRedirectHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#httpcookieprocessor-objects">HTTPCookieProcessor 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#proxyhandler-objects">ProxyHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#httppasswordmgr-objects">HTTPPasswordMgr 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#httppasswordmgrwithpriorauth-objects">HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#abstractbasicauthhandler-objects">AbstractBasicAuthHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#httpbasicauthhandler-objects">HTTPBasicAuthHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#proxybasicauthhandler-objects">ProxyBasicAuthHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#abstractdigestauthhandler-objects">AbstractDigestAuthHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#httpdigestauthhandler-objects">HTTPDigestAuthHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#proxydigestauthhandler-objects">ProxyDigestAuthHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#httphandler-objects">HTTPHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#httpshandler-objects">HTTPSHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#filehandler-objects">FileHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#datahandler-objects">DataHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#ftphandler-objects">FTPHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#cacheftphandler-objects">CacheFTPHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#unknownhandler-objects">UnknownHandler 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#httperrorprocessor-objects">HTTPErrorProcessor 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#legacy-interface">已停用的接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#urllib-request-restrictions"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.request</span></code> 的限制</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.request.html#module-urllib.response"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.response</span></code> --- urllib 使用的 Response 类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.parse.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.parse</span></code> 用于解析 URL</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.parse.html#url-parsing">URL 解析</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.parse.html#url-parsing-security">URL parsing security</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.parse.html#parsing-ascii-encoded-bytes">解析ASCII编码字节</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.parse.html#structured-parse-results">结构化解析结果</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.parse.html#url-quoting">URL 转码</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.error.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.error</span></code> --- urllib.request 引发的异常类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/urllib.robotparser.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.robotparser</span></code> --- robots.txt 语法分析程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http</span></code> --- HTTP 模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.html#http-status-codes">HTTP 状态码</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.client.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.client</span></code> --- HTTP 协议客户端</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.client.html#httpconnection-objects">HTTPConnection 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.client.html#httpresponse-objects">HTTPResponse 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.client.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.client.html#httpmessage-objects">HTTPMessage 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ftplib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ftplib</span></code> --- FTP 协议客户端</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ftplib.html#ftp-objects">FTP 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ftplib.html#ftp-tls-objects">FTP_TLS 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/poplib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib</span></code> --- POP3 协议客户端</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/poplib.html#pop3-objects">POP3 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/poplib.html#pop3-example">POP3 示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/imaplib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imaplib</span></code> --- IMAP4 协议客户端</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/imaplib.html#imap4-objects">IMAP4 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/imaplib.html#imap4-example">IMAP4 示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/nntplib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nntplib</span></code> --- NNTP 协议客户端</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/nntplib.html#nntp-objects">NNTP 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/nntplib.html#attributes">属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/nntplib.html#methods">方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/nntplib.html#utility-functions">工具函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/smtplib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtplib</span></code> --- SMTP 协议客户端</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/smtplib.html#smtp-objects">SMTP 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/smtplib.html#smtp-example">SMTP 示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/smtpd.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtpd</span></code> --- SMTP 服务器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/smtpd.html#smtpserver-objects">SMTPServer 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/smtpd.html#debuggingserver-objects">DebuggingServer 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/smtpd.html#pureproxy-objects">PureProxy 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/smtpd.html#mailmanproxy-objects">MailmanProxy 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/smtpd.html#smtpchannel-objects">SMTPChannel 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/telnetlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">telnetlib</span></code> -- Telnet 客户端</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/telnetlib.html#telnet-objects">Telnet 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/telnetlib.html#telnet-example">Telnet 示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/uuid.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uuid</span></code> --- <strong>RFC 4122</strong> 定义的UUID对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/uuid.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socketserver.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socketserver</span></code> --- 用于网络服务器的框架</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socketserver.html#server-creation-notes">服务器创建的说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socketserver.html#server-objects">Server 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socketserver.html#request-handler-objects">请求处理器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socketserver.html#examples">例子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socketserver.html#socketserver-tcpserver-example"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socketserver.TCPServer</span></code> 示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socketserver.html#socketserver-udpserver-example"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socketserver.UDPServer</span></code> 示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/socketserver.html#asynchronous-mixins">异步混合类</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.server.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.server</span></code> --- HTTP 服务器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.server.html#security-considerations">安全考量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookies.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></code> --- HTTP状态管理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookies.html#cookie-objects">Cookie 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookies.html#morsel-objects">Morsel 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookies.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookiejar.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.cookiejar</span></code> —— HTTP 客户端的 Cookie 处理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookiejar.html#cookiejar-and-filecookiejar-objects">CookieJar 和 FileCookieJar 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookiejar.html#filecookiejar-subclasses-and-co-operation-with-web-browsers">FileCookieJar 的子类及其与 Web 浏览器的协同</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookiejar.html#cookiepolicy-objects">CookiePolicy 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookiejar.html#defaultcookiepolicy-objects">DefaultCookiePolicy 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookiejar.html#cookie-objects">Cookie 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/http.cookiejar.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xmlrpc</span></code> --- XMLRPC 服务端与客户端模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xmlrpc.client</span></code> --- XML-RPC 客户端访问</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#serverproxy-objects">ServerProxy 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#datetime-objects">DateTime 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#binary-objects">Binary 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#fault-objects">Fault 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#protocolerror-objects">ProtocolError 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#multicall-objects">MultiCall 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#convenience-functions">便捷函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#example-of-client-usage">客户端用法的示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#example-of-client-and-server-usage">客户端与服务器用法的示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.server.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xmlrpc.server</span></code> --- 基本 XML-RPC 服务器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.server.html#simplexmlrpcserver-objects">SimpleXMLRPCServer 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.server.html#simplexmlrpcserver-example">SimpleXMLRPCServer 示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.server.html#cgixmlrpcrequesthandler">CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.server.html#documenting-xmlrpc-server">文档 XMLRPC 服务器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.server.html#docxmlrpcserver-objects">DocXMLRPCServer 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/xmlrpc.server.html#doccgixmlrpcrequesthandler">DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipaddress</span></code> --- IPv4/IPv6 操作库</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#convenience-factory-functions">方便的工厂函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#ip-addresses">IP 地址</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#address-objects">地址对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#conversion-to-strings-and-integers">转换字符串和整数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#operators">运算符</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#comparison-operators">比较运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#arithmetic-operators">算术运算符</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#ip-network-definitions">IP网络的定义</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#prefix-net-mask-and-host-mask">前缀、网络掩码和主机掩码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#network-objects">网络对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#id1">运算符</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#logical-operators">逻辑运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#iteration">迭代</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#networks-as-containers-of-addresses">作为地址容器的网络</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#interface-objects">接口对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#id2">运算符</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#id3">逻辑运算符</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#other-module-level-functions">其他模块级别函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ipaddress.html#custom-exceptions">自定义异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/mm.html">多媒体服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/audioop.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">audioop</span></code> --- 处理原始音频数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/aifc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aifc</span></code> --- 读写 AIFF 和 AIFC 文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sunau.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sunau</span></code> --- 读写 Sun AU 文件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sunau.html#au-read-objects">AU_read 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sunau.html#au-write-objects">AU_write 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wave.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wave</span></code> --- 读写WAV格式文件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wave.html#wave-read-objects">Wave_read对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/wave.html#wave-write-objects">Wave_write 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/chunk.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chunk</span></code> --- 读取 IFF 分块数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/colorsys.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">colorsys</span></code> --- 颜色系统间的转换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/imghdr.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imghdr</span></code> --- 推测图像类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sndhdr.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sndhdr</span></code> --- 推测声音文件的类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ossaudiodev.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ossaudiodev</span></code> --- 访问兼容OSS的音频设备</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ossaudiodev.html#audio-device-objects">音频设备对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ossaudiodev.html#mixer-device-objects">混音器设备对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/i18n.html">国际化</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gettext</span></code> --- 多语种国际化服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#gnu-gettext-api">GNU <strong class="program">gettext</strong> API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#class-based-api">基于类的 API</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#the-nulltranslations-class"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NullTranslations</span></code> 类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#the-gnutranslations-class"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GNUTranslations</span></code> 类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#solaris-message-catalog-support">Solaris 消息编目支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#the-catalog-constructor">编目构造器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#internationalizing-your-programs-and-modules">国际化 (I18N) 你的程序和模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#localizing-your-module">本地化你的模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#localizing-your-application">本地化你的应用程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#changing-languages-on-the-fly">即时更改语言</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#deferred-translations">延迟翻译</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gettext.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/locale.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">locale</span></code> --- 国际化服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/locale.html#background-details-hints-tips-and-caveats">背景、细节、提示、技巧和注意事项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/locale.html#for-extension-writers-and-programs-that-embed-python">针对扩展程序编写人员和嵌入Python 运行的程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/locale.html#access-to-message-catalogs">访问消息目录</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/frameworks.html">程序框架</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">turtle</span></code> --- 海龟绘图</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#overview-of-available-turtle-and-screen-methods">可用的 Turtle 和 Screen 方法概览</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#turtle-methods">Turtle 方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#methods-of-turtlescreen-screen">TurtleScreen/Screen 方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#methods-of-rawturtle-turtle-and-corresponding-functions">RawTurtle/Turtle 方法和对应函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#turtle-motion">海龟动作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#tell-turtle-s-state">获取海龟的状态</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#settings-for-measurement">度量单位设置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#pen-control">画笔控制</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#drawing-state">绘图状态</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#color-control">颜色控制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#filling">填充</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#more-drawing-control">更多绘图控制</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#turtle-state">海龟状态</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#visibility">可见性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#appearance">外观</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#using-events">使用事件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#special-turtle-methods">特殊海龟方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#compound-shapes">复合形状</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#methods-of-turtlescreen-screen-and-corresponding-functions">TurtleScreen/Screen 方法及对应函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#window-control">窗口控制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#animation-control">动画控制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#using-screen-events">使用屏幕事件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#input-methods">输入方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#settings-and-special-methods">设置与特殊方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#methods-specific-to-screen-not-inherited-from-turtlescreen">Screen 专有方法, 而非继承自 TurtleScreen</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#public-classes">公共类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#help-and-configuration">帮助与配置</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#how-to-use-help">如何使用帮助</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#translation-of-docstrings-into-different-languages">文档字符串翻译为不同的语言</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#how-to-configure-screen-and-turtles">如何配置 Screen 和 Turtle</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#module-turtledemo"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">turtledemo</span></code> --- 演示脚本集</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#changes-since-python-2-6">Python 2.6 之后的变化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/turtle.html#changes-since-python-3-0">Python 3.0 之后的变化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmd.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cmd</span></code> --- 支持面向行的命令解释器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmd.html#cmd-objects">Cmd 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/cmd.html#cmd-example">Cmd 例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shlex.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shlex</span></code> —— 简单的词义分析</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shlex.html#shlex-objects">shlex 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shlex.html#parsing-rules">解析规则</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/shlex.html#improved-compatibility-with-shells">改进的 shell 兼容性</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tk.html">Tk图形用户界面(GUI)</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code> —— Tcl/Tk 的 Python 接口</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#tkinter-modules">Tkinter 模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#tkinter-life-preserver">Tkinter 拾遗</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#how-to-use-this-section">本节内容的用法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#a-simple-hello-world-program">简单的 Hello World 程序</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#a-very-quick-look-at-tcl-tk">Tcl/Tk 速览</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#mapping-basic-tk-into-tkinter">将简单的 Tk 映射到 Tkinter</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#how-tk-and-tkinter-are-related">Tk 和 Tkinter 如何关联</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#handy-reference">快速参考</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#setting-options">可选配置项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#the-packer">包装器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#packer-options">包装器的参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#coupling-widget-variables">部件与变量的关联</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#the-window-manager">窗口管理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#tk-option-data-types">Tk 参数的数据类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#bindings-and-events">绑定和事件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#the-index-parameter">index 参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#images">图片</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.html#file-handlers">文件处理程序</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.ttk</span></code> --- Tk 风格的控件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#using-ttk">ttk 的用法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-widgets">ttk 控件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#widget">控件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#standard-options">标准属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#scrollable-widget-options">可滚动控件的属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#label-options">标签控件的属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#compatibility-options">兼容性属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#widget-states">控件状态</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-widget">ttk.Widget</a></li>
|
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#combobox">Combobox</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#options">属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#virtual-events">虚拟事件</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-combobox">ttk.Combobox</a></li>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#spinbox">Spinbox</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#id1">属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#id2">虚拟事件</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-spinbox">ttk.Spinbox</a></li>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#notebook">Notebook</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#id3">属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#tab-options">Tab 属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#tab-identifiers">Tab ID</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#id4">虚拟事件</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-notebook">ttk.Notebook</a></li>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#progressbar">Progressbar</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#id5">属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-progressbar">ttk.Progressbar</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#separator">Separator</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#id6">属性</a></li>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#sizegrip">Sizegrip</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#platform-specific-notes">与平台相关的注意事项</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#bugs">Bug</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#treeview">Treeview</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#id7">属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#item-options">数据项的属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#tag-options">tag 属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#column-identifiers">列标识</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#id8">虚拟事件</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-treeview">ttk.Treeview</a></li>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-styling">Ttk 样式</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#layouts">布局</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.tix</span></code> --- TK扩展包</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#using-tix">使用 Tix</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#tix-widgets">Tix 部件</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#basic-widgets">基本部件</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#file-selectors">文件选择器</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#hierarchical-listbox">层级式列表框</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#tabular-listbox">表格式列表框</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#manager-widgets">管理器部件</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#image-types">图像类型</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#miscellaneous-widgets">其他部件</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#form-geometry-manager">表单布局管理器</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.tix.html#tix-commands">Tix 命令</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tkinter.scrolledtext.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.scrolledtext</span></code> --- 滚动文字控件</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html">IDLE</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#menus">目录</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#file-menu-shell-and-editor">文件菜单 （命令行和编辑器）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#edit-menu-shell-and-editor">编辑菜单（命令行和编辑器）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#format-menu-editor-window-only">格式菜单（仅 window 编辑器）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#run-menu-editor-window-only">运行菜单（仅 window 编辑器）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#shell-menu-shell-window-only">Shell 菜单（仅 window 编辑器）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#debug-menu-shell-window-only">调试菜单（仅 window 编辑器）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#options-menu-shell-and-editor">选项菜单（命令行和编辑器）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#window-menu-shell-and-editor">Window 菜单（命令行和编辑器）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#help-menu-shell-and-editor">帮助菜单（命令行和编辑器）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#context-menus">上下文菜单</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#editing-and-navigation">编辑和导航</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#editor-windows">编辑窗口</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#key-bindings">按键绑定</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#automatic-indentation">自动缩进</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#completions">完成</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#calltips">提示</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#code-context">代码上下文</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#python-shell-window">Python Shell 窗口</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#text-colors">文本颜色</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#startup-and-code-execution">启动和代码执行</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#command-line-usage">命令行语法</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#startup-failure">启动失败</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#running-user-code">运行用户代码</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#user-output-in-shell">Shell中的用户输出</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#developing-tkinter-applications">开发 tkinter 应用程序</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#running-without-a-subprocess">在没有子进程的情况下运行</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#help-and-preferences">帮助和偏好</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#help-sources">帮助源</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#setting-preferences">首选项设置</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#idle-on-macos">macOS 上的IDLE</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/idle.html#extensions">扩展</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/othergui.html">其他图形用户界面（GUI）包</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/development.html">开发工具</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/typing.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing</span></code> —— 对类型提示的支持</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/typing.html#type-aliases">类型别名</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/typing.html#newtype">NewType</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/typing.html#callable">可调对象（Callable）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/typing.html#generics">泛型（Generic）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/typing.html#user-defined-generic-types">用户定义的泛型类型</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/typing.html#the-any-type"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Any</span></code> 类型</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/typing.html#nominal-vs-structural-subtyping">名义子类型 vs 结构子类型</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/typing.html#classes-functions-and-decorators">类,函数和修饰器.</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pydoc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pydoc</span></code> --- 文档生成器和在线帮助系统</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">doctest</span></code> --- 测试交互式的 Python 示例</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#simple-usage-checking-examples-in-docstrings">简单用法：检查Docstrings中的示例</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#simple-usage-checking-examples-in-a-text-file">简单的用法：检查文本文件中的例子</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#how-it-works">它是如何工作的</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#which-docstrings-are-examined">哪些文件串被检查了？</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#how-are-docstring-examples-recognized">文档串的例子是如何被识别的？</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#what-s-the-execution-context">什么是执行上下文？</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#what-about-exceptions">异常如何处理？</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#option-flags">选项标记</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#directives">指令</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#warnings">警告</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#basic-api">基本API</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#unittest-api">Unittest API</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#advanced-api">高级 API</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#doctest-objects">DocTest 对象</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#example-objects">Example 对象</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#doctestfinder-objects">DocTestFinder 对象</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#doctestparser-objects">DocTestParser 对象</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#doctestrunner-objects">DocTestRunner 对象</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#outputchecker-objects">OutputChecker 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#debugging">调试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/doctest.html#soapbox">肥皂盒</a></li>
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||
</ul>
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||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest</span></code> --- 单元测试框架</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#basic-example">基本实例</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#command-line-interface">命令行接口</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#command-line-options">命令行选项</a></li>
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</ul>
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||
</li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#test-discovery">探索性测试</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#organizing-test-code">组织你的测试代码</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#re-using-old-test-code">复用已有的测试代码</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#skipping-tests-and-expected-failures">跳过测试与预计的失败</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#distinguishing-test-iterations-using-subtests">使用子测试区分测试迭代</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#classes-and-functions">类与函数</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#test-cases">测试用例</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#deprecated-aliases">一些已被弃用的别名</a></li>
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</ul>
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||
</li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#grouping-tests">分组测试</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#loading-and-running-tests">加载和运行测试</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#load-tests-protocol">load_tests 协议</a></li>
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||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#class-and-module-fixtures">类与模块设定</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#setupclass-and-teardownclass">setUpClass 和 tearDownClass</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#setupmodule-and-teardownmodule">setUpModule 和 tearDownModule</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.html#signal-handling">信号处理</a></li>
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||
</ul>
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</li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.mock</span></code> --- 模拟对象库</a><ul>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#quick-guide">快速上手</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#the-mock-class">Mock 类</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#calling">调用</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#deleting-attributes">删除属性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#mock-names-and-the-name-attribute">Mock 的名称与 name 属性</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#attaching-mocks-as-attributes">附加 Mock 作为属性</a></li>
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</ul>
|
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#the-patchers">patch 装饰器</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#patch">patch</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#patch-object">patch.object</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#patch-dict">patch.dict</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#patch-multiple">patch.multiple</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#patch-methods-start-and-stop">补丁方法: start 和 stop</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#patch-builtins">为内置对象打补丁</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#test-prefix">TEST_PREFIX</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#nesting-patch-decorators">嵌套补丁装饰器</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#where-to-patch">补丁的目标</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#patching-descriptors-and-proxy-objects">对描述器和代理对象打补丁</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#magicmock-and-magic-method-support">MagicMock 与魔术方法支持</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#mocking-magic-methods">模拟魔术方法</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#magic-mock">MagicMock</a></li>
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#helpers">辅助对象</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#sentinel">sentinel</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#default">DEFAULT</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#call">call</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#create-autospec">create_autospec</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#any">ANY</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#filter-dir">FILTER_DIR</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#mock-open">mock_open</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#autospeccing">自动 spec</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock.html#sealing-mocks">将 mock 封包</a></li>
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.mock</span></code> --- 上手指南</a><ul>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#using-mock">使用 mock</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mock-patching-methods">模拟方法调用</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mock-for-method-calls-on-an-object">对象上的方法调用的 mock</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-classes">模拟类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#naming-your-mocks">命名你的 mock</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#tracking-all-calls">追踪所有的调用</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#setting-return-values-and-attributes">设置返回值和属性</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#raising-exceptions-with-mocks">通过 mock 引发异常</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#side-effect-functions-and-iterables">附带影响函数和可迭代对象</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-asynchronous-iterators">模拟异步迭代器</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-asynchronous-context-manager">模拟异步上下文管理器</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#creating-a-mock-from-an-existing-object">基于现有对象创建模拟对象</a></li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#patch-decorators">补丁装饰器</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#further-examples">更多示例</a><ul>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-chained-calls">模拟链式调用</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#partial-mocking">部分模拟</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-a-generator-method">模拟生成器方法</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#applying-the-same-patch-to-every-test-method">对每个测试方法应用相同的补丁</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-unbound-methods">模拟未绑定方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#checking-multiple-calls-with-mock">通过 mock 检查多次调用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#coping-with-mutable-arguments">处理可变参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#nesting-patches">嵌套补丁</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-a-dictionary-with-magicmock">使用 MagicMock 模拟字典</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mock-subclasses-and-their-attributes">模拟子类及其属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#mocking-imports-with-patch-dict">通过 patch.dict 模拟导入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#tracking-order-of-calls-and-less-verbose-call-assertions">追踪调用顺序和不太冗长的调用断言</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unittest.mock-examples.html#more-complex-argument-matching">更复杂的参数匹配</a></li>
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||
</ul>
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/2to3.html">2to3 - 自动将 Python 2 代码转为 Python 3 代码</a><ul>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/2to3.html#using-2to3">使用 2to3</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/2to3.html#fixers">修复器</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/2to3.html#module-lib2to3"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lib2to3</span></code> —— 2to3 支持库</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/test.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> --- Python 回归测试包</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/test.html#writing-unit-tests-for-the-test-package">为 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> 包编写单元测试</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/test.html#running-tests-using-the-command-line-interface">使用命令行界面运行测试</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/test.html#module-test.support"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code> --- 针对 Python 测试套件的工具</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/test.html#module-test.support.script_helper"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support.script_helper</span></code> --- 用于 Python 执行测试工具</a></li>
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</ul>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/debug.html">调试和分析</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/audit_events.html">审计事件表</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/bdb.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bdb</span></code> --- 调试器框架</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/faulthandler.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler</span></code> —— 转储 Python 的跟踪信息</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/faulthandler.html#dumping-the-traceback">转储跟踪信息</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/faulthandler.html#fault-handler-state">错误处理程序的状态</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/faulthandler.html#dumping-the-tracebacks-after-a-timeout">一定时间后转储跟踪数据。</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/faulthandler.html#dumping-the-traceback-on-a-user-signal">转储用户信号的跟踪信息。</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/faulthandler.html#issue-with-file-descriptors">文件描述符相关话题</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/faulthandler.html#example">示例</a></li>
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||
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pdb.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pdb</span></code> --- Python 的调试器</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pdb.html#debugger-commands">调试器命令</a></li>
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||
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/profile.html">Python Profilers 分析器</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/profile.html#introduction-to-the-profilers">profile分析器简介</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/profile.html#the-stats-class"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Stats</span></code> 类</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/profile.html#what-is-deterministic-profiling">什么是确定性性能分析？</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/profile.html#limitations">局限性</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/profile.html#calibration">准确估量</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/profile.html#using-a-custom-timer">使用自定义计时器</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/trace.html#command-line-usage">命令行用法</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/trace.html#filters">过滤器</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/trace.html#programmatic-interface">编程接口</a></li>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tracemalloc</span></code> --- 跟踪内存分配</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#examples">例子</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#display-the-top-10">显示前10项</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#compute-differences">计算差异</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#get-the-traceback-of-a-memory-block">获取一个内存块的溯源</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#pretty-top">Pretty top</a></li>
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||
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#filter">过滤器</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#frame">Frame</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#statistic">统计</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#statisticdiff">StatisticDiff</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#trace">跟踪</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tracemalloc.html#traceback">回溯</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ensurepip.html#command-line-interface">命令行界面</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/venv.html#creating-virtual-environments">创建虚拟环境</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipapp.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipapp</span></code> —— 管理可执行的 Python zip 打包文件</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipapp.html#basic-example">简单示例</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipapp.html#creating-standalone-applications-with-zipapp">用 zipapp 创建独立运行的应用程序</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipapp.html#making-a-windows-executable">制作 Windows 可执行文件</a></li>
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|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipapp.html#the-python-zip-application-archive-format">Python 打包应用程序的格式</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/python.html">Python 运行时服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sys.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> --- 系统相关的形参和函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sysconfig.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code> —— 提供对 Python 配置信息的访问支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sysconfig.html#configuration-variables">配置变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sysconfig.html#installation-paths">安装路径</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sysconfig.html#other-functions">其他功能</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/sysconfig.html#using-sysconfig-as-a-script">将 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code> 作为脚本使用</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/builtins.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">builtins</span></code> --- 内建对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/__main__.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__main__</span></code> --- 顶层脚本环境</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings</span></code> ——控制警告信息</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#warning-categories">警告类别</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#the-warnings-filter">警告过滤器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#describing-warning-filters">警告过滤器的介绍</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#default-warning-filter">默认警告过滤器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#overriding-the-default-filter">重写默认的过滤器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#temporarily-suppressing-warnings">暂时禁止警告</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#testing-warnings">测试警告</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#updating-code-for-new-versions-of-dependencies">为新版本的依赖关系更新代码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#available-functions">可用的函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/warnings.html#available-context-managers">可用的上下文管理器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclasses</span></code> --- 数据类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html#module-level-decorators-classes-and-functions">模块级装饰器、类和函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html#post-init-processing">初始化后处理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html#class-variables">类变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html#init-only-variables">仅初始化变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html#frozen-instances">冻结的实例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html#inheritance">继承</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html#default-factory-functions">默认工厂函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html#mutable-default-values">可变的默认值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dataclasses.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contextlib</span></code> --- 为 <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code>语句上下文提供的工具</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#utilities">工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#examples-and-recipes">例子和配方</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#supporting-a-variable-number-of-context-managers">支持可变数量的上下文管理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#catching-exceptions-from-enter-methods">捕获 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__enter__</span></code> 方法产生的异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#cleaning-up-in-an-enter-implementation">在一个 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__enter__</span></code> 方法的实现中进行清理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#replacing-any-use-of-try-finally-and-flag-variables">替换任何对 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try-finally</span></code> 和旗标变量的使用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#using-a-context-manager-as-a-function-decorator">将上下文管理器作为函数装饰器使用</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#single-use-reusable-and-reentrant-context-managers">单独使用，可重用并可重进入的上下文管理器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#reentrant-context-managers">重进入上下文管理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/contextlib.html#reusable-context-managers">可重用的上下文管理器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/abc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abc</span></code> --- 抽象基类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/atexit.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> --- 退出处理器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/atexit.html#atexit-example"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> 示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/traceback.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">traceback</span></code> —— 打印或读取栈回溯信息</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/traceback.html#tracebackexception-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TracebackException</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/traceback.html#stacksummary-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StackSummary</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/traceback.html#framesummary-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FrameSummary</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/traceback.html#traceback-examples">回溯示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/__future__.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__future__</span></code> --- Future 语句定义</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/gc.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc</span></code> --- 垃圾回收器接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inspect</span></code> --- 检查对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html#types-and-members">类型和成员</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html#retrieving-source-code">获取源代码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html#introspecting-callables-with-the-signature-object">使用 Signature 对象对可调用对象进行内省</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html#classes-and-functions">类与函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack">解释器栈</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html#fetching-attributes-statically">静态地获取属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html#current-state-of-generators-and-coroutines">生成器和协程的当前状态</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html#code-objects-bit-flags">代码对象位标志</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/inspect.html#command-line-interface">命令行界面</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/site.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code> —— 指定域的配置钩子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/site.html#readline-configuration">Readline 配置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/site.html#module-contents">模块内容</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/site.html#command-line-interface">命令行界面</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/custominterp.html">自定义 Python 解释器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/code.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code> --- 解释器基类</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/code.html#interactive-interpreter-objects">交互解释器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/code.html#interactive-console-objects">交互式控制台对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/codeop.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codeop</span></code> --- 编译Python代码</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/modules.html">导入模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipimport.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code> --- 从 Zip 存档中导入模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipimport.html#zipimporter-objects">zipimporter 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/zipimport.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pkgutil.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkgutil</span></code> --- 包扩展工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/modulefinder.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">modulefinder</span></code> --- 查找脚本使用的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/modulefinder.html#example-usage-of-modulefinder"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ModuleFinder</span></code> 的示例用法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/runpy.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runpy</span></code> ——查找并执行 Python 模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib</span></code> --- <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code> 的实现</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#functions">函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.abc"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.abc</span></code> —— 关于导入的抽象基类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.resources"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources</span></code> -- 资源</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.machinery"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.machinery</span></code> —— 导入器和路径钩子函数。</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.util"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.util</span></code> —— 导入器的工具程序代码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#examples">例子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#importing-programmatically">用编程方式导入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#checking-if-a-module-can-be-imported">检查某模块可否导入。</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#importing-a-source-file-directly">直接导入源码文件。</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#setting-up-an-importer">导入器的配置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.html#approximating-importlib-import-module"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.import_module()</span></code> 的近似实现</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html">使用 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.metadata</span></code></a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html#overview">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html#functional-api">函数式 API</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html#entry-points">入口点</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html#distribution-metadata">分发的元数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html#distribution-versions">分发包的版本</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html#distribution-files">分发包的文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html#distribution-requirements">分发包的依赖</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html#distributions">分发包对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/importlib.metadata.html#extending-the-search-algorithm">扩展搜索算法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/language.html">Python 语言服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/parser.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parser</span></code> --- 访问 Python 解析树</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/parser.html#creating-st-objects">创建 ST 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/parser.html#converting-st-objects">转换 ST 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/parser.html#queries-on-st-objects">Queries on ST Objects</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/parser.html#exceptions-and-error-handling">异常和错误处理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/parser.html#st-objects">ST 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/parser.html#example-emulation-of-compile">示例: <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code> 的模拟</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ast.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ast</span></code> --- 抽象语法树</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ast.html#node-classes">节点类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ast.html#abstract-grammar">抽象文法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/ast.html#ast-helpers"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ast</span></code> 中的辅助函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/symtable.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symtable</span></code> ——访问编译器的符号表</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/symtable.html#generating-symbol-tables">符号表的生成</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/symtable.html#examining-symbol-tables">符号表的查看</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/symbol.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symbol</span></code> --- 与 Python 解析树一起使用的常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/token.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">token</span></code> --- 与Python解析树一起使用的常量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/keyword.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keyword</span></code> --- 检验Python关键字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tokenize.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tokenize</span></code> --- 对 Python 代码使用的标记解析器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tokenize.html#tokenizing-input">对输入进行解析标记</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tokenize.html#command-line-usage">命令行用法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tokenize.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tabnanny.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tabnanny</span></code> --- 模糊缩进检测</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pyclbr.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pyclbr</span></code> --- Python 模块浏览器支持</a><ul>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pyclbr.html#function-objects">函数对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pyclbr.html#class-objects">类对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/py_compile.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile</span></code> --- 编译 Python 源文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/compileall.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compileall</span></code> --- 字节编译 Python 库</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/compileall.html#command-line-use">使用命令行</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/compileall.html#public-functions">公有函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dis.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dis</span></code> --- Python 字节码反汇编器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dis.html#bytecode-analysis">字节码分析</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dis.html#analysis-functions">分析函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dis.html#python-bytecode-instructions">Python字节码说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/dis.html#opcode-collections">操作码集合</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickletools.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickletools</span></code> --- pickle 开发者工具集</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickletools.html#command-line-usage">命令行语法</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickletools.html#command-line-options">命令行选项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pickletools.html#programmatic-interface">编程接口</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/misc.html">杂项服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/formatter.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">formatter</span></code> --- 通用格式化输出</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/formatter.html#the-formatter-interface">格式化程序接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/formatter.html#formatter-implementations">实现格式化程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/formatter.html#the-writer-interface">编写器界面</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/formatter.html#writer-implementations">编写器实现</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/windows.html">Windows系统相关模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">msilib</span></code> --- 读写 Microsoft Installer 文件</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#database-objects">Database Objects</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#view-objects">View Objects</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#summary-information-objects">Summary Information Objects</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#record-objects">Record Objects</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#errors">Errors</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#cab-objects">CAB Objects</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#directory-objects">Directory Objects</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#features">相关特性</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#gui-classes">GUI classes</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msilib.html#precomputed-tables">Precomputed tables</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msvcrt.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">msvcrt</span></code> --- 来自 MS VC++ 运行时的有用例程</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msvcrt.html#file-operations">文件操作</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msvcrt.html#console-i-o">控制台 I/O</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/msvcrt.html#other-functions">其他函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/winreg.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">winreg</span></code> --- 访问 Windows 注册表</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/winreg.html#functions">函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/winreg.html#constants">常量</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/winreg.html#hkey-constants">HKEY_* 常量</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/winreg.html#access-rights">访问权限</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/winreg.html#bit-specific">64 位系统特有</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/winreg.html#value-types">注册表值的类型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/winreg.html#registry-handle-objects">注册表句柄对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/winsound.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">winsound</span></code> —— Windows 系统的声音播放接口</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/unix.html">Unix 专有服务</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/posix.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code> --- 最常见的 POSIX 系统调用</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/posix.html#large-file-support">大文件支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/posix.html#notable-module-contents">重要的模块内容</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pwd.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code> --- 用户密码数据库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/spwd.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code> —— shadow 密码库</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/grp.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code> --- 组数据库</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/crypt.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">crypt</span></code> —— 检查 Unix 口令的函数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/crypt.html#hashing-methods">哈希方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/crypt.html#module-attributes">模块属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/crypt.html#module-functions">模块函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/crypt.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/termios.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code> --- POSIX 风格的 tty 控制</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/termios.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/tty.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tty</span></code> --- 终端控制功能</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pty.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code> --- 伪终端工具</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pty.html#example">示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/fcntl.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl</span></code> —— 系统调用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pipes.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipes</span></code> --- 终端管道接口</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/pipes.html#template-objects">模板对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/resource.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resource</span></code> --- 资源使用信息</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/resource.html#resource-limits">资源限制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/resource.html#resource-usage">资源用量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/nis.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nis</span></code> --- Sun 的 NIS (黄页) 接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/syslog.html">Unix syslog 库例程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/syslog.html#examples">例子</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/syslog.html#simple-example">简单示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/superseded.html">被取代的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optparse</span></code> --- 命令行选项的解析器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#background">背景</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#terminology">术语</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#what-are-options-for">选项的作用是什么？</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#what-are-positional-arguments-for">位置参数有什么用？</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#tutorial">教程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#understanding-option-actions">理解选项动作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#the-store-action">store 动作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#handling-boolean-flag-options">处理布尔值（旗标）选项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#other-actions">其他动作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#default-values">默认值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#generating-help">生成帮助</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#grouping-options">选项分组</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#printing-a-version-string">打印版本字符串</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#how-optparse-handles-errors"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optparse</span></code> 如何处理错误handles errors</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#putting-it-all-together">合并所有代码</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#reference-guide">参考指南</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#creating-the-parser">创建解析器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#populating-the-parser">填充解析器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#defining-options">定义选项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#option-attributes">选项属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#standard-option-actions">标准选项动作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#standard-option-types">标准选项类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#parsing-arguments">解析参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#querying-and-manipulating-your-option-parser">查询和操纵你的选项解析器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#conflicts-between-options">选项之间的冲突</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#cleanup">清理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#other-methods">其他方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#option-callbacks">选项回调</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#defining-a-callback-option">定义回调选项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#how-callbacks-are-called">回调应当如何调用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#raising-errors-in-a-callback">在回调中引发错误</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#callback-example-1-trivial-callback">回调示例 1：最简回调</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#callback-example-2-check-option-order">回调示例 2：检查选项顺序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#callback-example-3-check-option-order-generalized">回调示例 3：检查选项顺序（通用）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#callback-example-4-check-arbitrary-condition">回调示例 4：检查任意条件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#callback-example-5-fixed-arguments">回调示例 5：固定的参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#callback-example-6-variable-arguments">回调示例 6：可变的参数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#extending-optparse">扩展 <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optparse</span></code></a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#adding-new-types">添加新的类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="library/optparse.html#adding-new-actions">添加新的动作</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/imp.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imp</span></code> --- 访问 <span class="xref std std-ref">import</span> 内部对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="library/imp.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="library/undoc.html">未创建文档的模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="library/undoc.html#platform-specific-modules">平台特定模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/index.html">扩展和嵌入 Python 解释器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/index.html#recommended-third-party-tools">推荐的第三方工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/index.html#creating-extensions-without-third-party-tools">不使用第三方工具创建扩展</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html">1. 使用 C 或 C++ 扩展 Python</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#a-simple-example">1.1. 一个简单的例子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#intermezzo-errors-and-exceptions">1.2. 关于错误和异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#back-to-the-example">1.3. 回到例子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#the-module-s-method-table-and-initialization-function">1.4. 模块方法表和初始化函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#compilation-and-linkage">1.5. 编译和链接</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#calling-python-functions-from-c">1.6. 在C中调用Python函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#extracting-parameters-in-extension-functions">1.7. 提取扩展函数的参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#keyword-parameters-for-extension-functions">1.8. 给扩展函数的关键字参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#building-arbitrary-values">1.9. 构造任意值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#reference-counts">1.10. 引用计数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#reference-counting-in-python">1.10.1. Python中的引用计数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#ownership-rules">1.10.2. 拥有规则</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#thin-ice">1.10.3. 危险的薄冰</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#null-pointers">1.10.4. NULL指针</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#writing-extensions-in-c">1.11. 在C++中编写扩展</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/extending.html#providing-a-c-api-for-an-extension-module">1.12. 给扩展模块提供C API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes_tutorial.html">2. 自定义扩展类型：教程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#the-basics">2.1. 基础</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#adding-data-and-methods-to-the-basic-example">2.2. 向基本示例添加数据和方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#providing-finer-control-over-data-attributes">2.3. 提供对于数据属性的更精细控制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#supporting-cyclic-garbage-collection">2.4. 支持循环垃圾回收</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes_tutorial.html#subclassing-other-types">2.5. 子类化其他类型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html">3. 定义扩展类型：已分类主题</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html#finalization-and-de-allocation">3.1. 终结和内存释放</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html#object-presentation">3.2. 对象展示</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html#attribute-management">3.3. 属性管理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html#generic-attribute-management">3.3.1. 泛型属性管理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html#type-specific-attribute-management">3.3.2. 类型专属的属性管理</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html#object-comparison">3.4. 对象比较</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html#abstract-protocol-support">3.5. 抽象协议支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html#weak-reference-support">3.6. 弱引用支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/newtypes.html#more-suggestions">3.7. 更多建议</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/building.html">4. 构建C/C++扩展</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/building.html#building-c-and-c-extensions-with-distutils">4.1. 使用distutils构建C和C++扩展</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/building.html#distributing-your-extension-modules">4.2. 发布你的扩展模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/windows.html">5. 在Windows平台编译C和C++扩展</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/windows.html#a-cookbook-approach">5.1. 菜谱式说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/windows.html#differences-between-unix-and-windows">5.2. Unix 和 Windows 之间的差异</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/windows.html#using-dlls-in-practice">5.3. DLL 的实际使用</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/index.html#embedding-the-cpython-runtime-in-a-larger-application">在更大的应用程序中嵌入 CPython 运行时</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/embedding.html">1. 在其它应用程序嵌入 Python</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/embedding.html#very-high-level-embedding">1.1. 高层次的嵌入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/embedding.html#beyond-very-high-level-embedding-an-overview">1.2. 突破高层次嵌入的限制：概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/embedding.html#pure-embedding">1.3. 纯嵌入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/embedding.html#extending-embedded-python">1.4. 对嵌入 Python 功能进行扩展</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/embedding.html#embedding-python-in-c">1.5. 在 C++ 中嵌入 Python</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="extending/embedding.html#compiling-and-linking-under-unix-like-systems">1.6. 在类 Unix 系统中编译和链接</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/index.html">Python/C API 参考手册</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html">概述</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#coding-standards">代码标准</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#include-files">包含文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#useful-macros">有用的宏</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#objects-types-and-reference-counts">对象、类型和引用计数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#reference-counts">引用计数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#reference-count-details">引用计数细节</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#types">类型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#exceptions">异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#embedding-python">嵌入Python</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/intro.html#debugging-builds">调试构建</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/stable.html">稳定的应用程序二进制接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/veryhigh.html">极高层级 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/refcounting.html">引用计数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html">异常处理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#printing-and-clearing">打印和清理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#raising-exceptions">抛出异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#issuing-warnings">发出警告</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#querying-the-error-indicator">查询错误指示器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#signal-handling">信号处理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#exception-classes">Exception 类</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#exception-objects">异常对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#unicode-exception-objects">Unicode 异常对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#recursion-control">递归控制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#standard-exceptions">标准异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/exceptions.html#standard-warning-categories">标准警告类别</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/utilities.html">工具</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/sys.html">操作系统实用工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/sys.html#system-functions">系统功能</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/sys.html#process-control">过程控制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/import.html">导入模块</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/marshal.html">数据 marshal 操作支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/arg.html">解析参数并构建值变量</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/arg.html#parsing-arguments">解析参数</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/arg.html#strings-and-buffers">字符串和缓存区</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/arg.html#numbers">数字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/arg.html#other-objects">其他对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/arg.html#api-functions">API 函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/arg.html#building-values">创建变量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/conversion.html">字符串转换与格式化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/reflection.html">反射</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/codec.html">编解码器注册与支持功能</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/codec.html#codec-lookup-api">Codec 查找API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/codec.html#registry-api-for-unicode-encoding-error-handlers">用于Unicode编码错误处理程序的注册表API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/abstract.html">抽象对象层</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/object.html">对象协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/number.html">数字协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/sequence.html">序列协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/mapping.html">映射协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/iter.html">迭代器协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html">缓冲协议</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#buffer-structure">缓冲区结构</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#buffer-request-types">缓冲区请求的类型</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#request-independent-fields">与请求无关的字段</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#readonly-format">只读，格式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#shape-strides-suboffsets">形状，步幅，子偏移量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#contiguity-requests">连续性的请求</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#compound-requests">复合请求</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#complex-arrays">复杂数组</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#numpy-style-shape-and-strides">NumPy-风格：形状和步幅</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#pil-style-shape-strides-and-suboffsets">PIL-风格：形状，步幅和子偏移量</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/buffer.html#buffer-related-functions">缓冲区相关函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/objbuffer.html">旧缓冲协议</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/concrete.html">具体的对象层</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/concrete.html#fundamental-objects">基本对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/type.html">类型对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/type.html#creating-heap-allocated-types">创建堆分配类型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/none.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/concrete.html#numeric-objects">数值对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/long.html">整数型对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/bool.html">布尔对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/float.html">浮点数对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/complex.html">复数对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/complex.html#complex-numbers-as-c-structures">表示复数的C结构体</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/complex.html#complex-numbers-as-python-objects">表示复数的Python对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/concrete.html#sequence-objects">序列对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/bytes.html">bytes 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/bytearray.html">字节数组对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/bytearray.html#type-check-macros">类型检查宏</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/bytearray.html#direct-api-functions">直接 API 函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/bytearray.html#macros">宏</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html">Unicode对象和编解码器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#unicode-objects">Unicode对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#unicode-type">Unicode类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#unicode-character-properties">Unicode字符属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#creating-and-accessing-unicode-strings">创建和访问 Unicode 字符串</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#deprecated-py-unicode-apis">已弃用的 Py_UNICODE API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#locale-encoding">语言区域编码格式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#file-system-encoding">文件系统编码格式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#wchar-t-support">wchar_t 支持</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#built-in-codecs">内置编解码器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#generic-codecs">泛型编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#utf-8-codecs">UTF-8 编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#utf-32-codecs">UTF-32 编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#utf-16-codecs">UTF-16 编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#utf-7-codecs">UTF-7 编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#unicode-escape-codecs">Unicode-Escape 编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#raw-unicode-escape-codecs">Raw-Unicode-Escape 编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#latin-1-codecs">Latin-1 编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#ascii-codecs">ASCII 编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#character-map-codecs">字符映射编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#mbcs-codecs-for-windows">Windows 中的 MBCS 编解码器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#methods-slots">方法和槽位</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/unicode.html#methods-and-slot-functions">方法与槽位函数</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/tuple.html">元组对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/tuple.html#struct-sequence-objects">结构序列对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/list.html">列表对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/concrete.html#container-objects">容器对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/dict.html">字典对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/set.html">集合对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/concrete.html#function-objects">函数对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/function.html">函数对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/method.html">实例方法对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/method.html#method-objects">方法对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/cell.html">Cell 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/code.html">代码对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/concrete.html#other-objects">其他对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/file.html">文件对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/module.html">模块对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/module.html#initializing-c-modules">初始化 C 模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/module.html#single-phase-initialization">Single-phase initialization</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/module.html#multi-phase-initialization">Multi-phase initialization</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/module.html#low-level-module-creation-functions">Low-level module creation functions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l6"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/module.html#support-functions">Support functions</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/module.html#module-lookup">Module lookup</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/iterator.html">迭代器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/descriptor.html">描述符对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/slice.html">切片对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/slice.html#ellipsis-object">Ellipsis 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memoryview.html">MemoryView 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/weakref.html">弱引用对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/capsule.html">胶囊</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/gen.html">生成器对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/coro.html">协程对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/contextvars.html">上下文变量对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/datetime.html">DateTime 对象</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html">初始化，最终化和线程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#before-python-initialization">在Python初始化之前</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#global-configuration-variables">全局配置变量</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#initializing-and-finalizing-the-interpreter">初始化和最终化解释器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#process-wide-parameters">进程级参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#thread-state-and-the-global-interpreter-lock">线程状态和全局解释器锁</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#releasing-the-gil-from-extension-code">从扩展扩展代码中释放 GIL</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#non-python-created-threads">非Python创建的线程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#cautions-about-fork">有关 fork() 的注意事项</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#high-level-api">高阶 API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#low-level-api">底层级 API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#sub-interpreter-support">子解释器支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#bugs-and-caveats">错误和警告</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#asynchronous-notifications">异步通知</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#profiling-and-tracing">分析和跟踪</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#advanced-debugger-support">高级调试器支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#thread-local-storage-support">线程本地存储支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#thread-specific-storage-tss-api">线程专属存储 (TSS) API</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#dynamic-allocation">动态分配</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#methods">方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init.html#thread-local-storage-tls-api">线程本地存储 (TLS) API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html">Python初始化配置</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#pywidestringlist">PyWideStringList</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#pystatus">PyStatus</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#pypreconfig">PyPreConfig</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#preinitialization-with-pypreconfig">Preinitialization with PyPreConfig</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#pyconfig">PyConfig</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#initialization-with-pyconfig">使用 PyConfig 初始化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#isolated-configuration">隔离配置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#python-configuration">Python 配置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#path-configuration">路径配置</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#py-runmain">Py_RunMain()</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/init_config.html#multi-phase-initialization-private-provisional-api">多阶段初始化私有暂定 API</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html">内存管理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#overview">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#raw-memory-interface">原始内存接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#memory-interface">内存接口</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#object-allocators">对象分配器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#default-memory-allocators">默认内存分配器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#customize-memory-allocators">自定义内存分配器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#the-pymalloc-allocator">pymalloc 分配器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#customize-pymalloc-arena-allocator">自定义 pymalloc Arena 分配器</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#tracemalloc-c-api">tracemalloc C API</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/memory.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/objimpl.html">对象实现支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/allocation.html">在堆上分配对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/structures.html">公用对象的结构</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html">类型对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#quick-reference">快速参考</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#tp-slots">"tp_方法槽"</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#sub-slots">子方法槽（方法域）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#slot-typedefs">槽位 typedef</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#pytypeobject-definition">PyTypeObject 定义</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#pyobject-slots">PyObject 槽位</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#pyvarobject-slots">PyVarObject 槽位</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#pytypeobject-slots">PyTypeObject 槽</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#heap-types">堆类型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#number-object-structures">数字对象结构体</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#mapping-object-structures">映射对象结构体</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#sequence-object-structures">序列对象结构体</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#buffer-object-structures">缓冲区对象结构体</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#async-object-structures">异步对象结构体</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#slot-type-typedefs">槽位类型 typedef</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/typeobj.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/gcsupport.html">使对象类型支持循环垃圾回收</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="c-api/apiabiversion.html">API 和 ABI 版本管理</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="distributing/index.html">分发 Python 模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distributing/index.html#key-terms">关键术语</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distributing/index.html#open-source-licensing-and-collaboration">开源许可与协作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distributing/index.html#installing-the-tools">安装相关工具</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distributing/index.html#reading-the-python-packaging-user-guide">阅读 Python 打包用户指南</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distributing/index.html#how-do-i">我该如何...？</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="distributing/index.html#choose-a-name-for-my-project">...为我的项目选择一个名字？</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="distributing/index.html#create-and-distribute-binary-extensions">...创建和分发二进制扩展？</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html">安装 Python 模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#key-terms">关键术语</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#basic-usage">基本使用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#how-do-i">我应如何 ...？</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#install-pip-in-versions-of-python-prior-to-python-3-4">... 在 Python 3.4 之前的 Python 版本中安装 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> ？</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#install-packages-just-for-the-current-user">... 只为当前用户安装软件包？</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#install-scientific-python-packages">... 安装科学计算类 Python 软件包？</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#work-with-multiple-versions-of-python-installed-in-parallel">... 使用并行安装的多个 Python 版本？</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#common-installation-issues">常见的安装问题</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#installing-into-the-system-python-on-linux">在 Linux 的系统 Python 版本上安装</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#pip-not-installed">未安装 pip</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="installing/index.html#installing-binary-extensions">安装二进制编译扩展</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/index.html">Python 指南</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html">将 Python 2 代码迁移到 Python 3</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#the-short-explanation">简要说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#details">详情</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#drop-support-for-python-2-6-and-older">删除对Python 2.6及更早版本的支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#make-sure-you-specify-the-proper-version-support-in-your-setup-py-file">确保你在你的``setup.py``文件中指定适当的版本支持</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#have-good-test-coverage">良好的测试覆盖率</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#learn-the-differences-between-python-2-3">了解Python 2 和 3之间的区别</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#update-your-code">更新代码</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#division">除法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#text-versus-binary-data">文本与二进制数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#use-feature-detection-instead-of-version-detection">使用特征检测而不是版本检测</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#prevent-compatibility-regressions">防止兼容性退步</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#check-which-dependencies-block-your-transition">检查哪些依赖性会阻碍你的过渡</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#update-your-setup-py-file-to-denote-python-3-compatibility">更新你的``setup.py``文件以表示对Python 3的兼容</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#use-continuous-integration-to-stay-compatible">使用持续集成以保持兼容</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/pyporting.html#consider-using-optional-static-type-checking">考虑使用可选的静态类型检查</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/cporting.html">将扩展模块移植到 Python 3</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/curses.html">用 Python 进行 Curses 编程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/curses.html#what-is-curses">curses 是什么？</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/curses.html#the-python-curses-module">Python 的 curses 模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/curses.html#starting-and-ending-a-curses-application">开始和结束curses应用程序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/curses.html#windows-and-pads">窗口和面板</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/curses.html#displaying-text">显示文字</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/curses.html#attributes-and-color">属性和颜色</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/curses.html#user-input">用户输入</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/curses.html#for-more-information">更多的信息</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/descriptor.html">描述器使用指南</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/descriptor.html#abstract">摘要</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/descriptor.html#definition-and-introduction">定义和简介</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/descriptor.html#descriptor-protocol">描述器协议</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/descriptor.html#invoking-descriptors">调用描述器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/descriptor.html#descriptor-example">描述器示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/descriptor.html#properties">属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/descriptor.html#functions-and-methods">函数和方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/descriptor.html#static-methods-and-class-methods">静态方法和类方法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html">函数式编程指引</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#introduction">概述</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#formal-provability">形式证明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#modularity">模块化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#ease-of-debugging-and-testing">易于调试和测试</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#composability">组合性</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#iterators">迭代器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#data-types-that-support-iterators">支持迭代器的数据类型</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#generator-expressions-and-list-comprehensions">生成器表达式和列表推导式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#generators">生成器</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#passing-values-into-a-generator">向生成器传递值</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#built-in-functions">内置函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#the-itertools-module">itertools 模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#creating-new-iterators">创建新的迭代器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#calling-functions-on-elements">对元素使用函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#selecting-elements">选择元素</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#combinatoric-functions">组合函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#grouping-elements">为元素分组</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#the-functools-module">functools 模块</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#the-operator-module">operator 模块</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#small-functions-and-the-lambda-expression">小函数和 lambda 表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#revision-history-and-acknowledgements">修订记录和致谢</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#references">参考文献</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#general">通用文献</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#python-specific">Python 相关</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/functional.html#python-documentation">Python 文档</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html">日志指南</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#basic-logging-tutorial">日志基础教程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#when-to-use-logging">什么时候使用日志</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#a-simple-example">一个简单的例子</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#logging-to-a-file">记录日志到文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#logging-from-multiple-modules">从多个模块记录日志</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#logging-variable-data">记录变量数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#changing-the-format-of-displayed-messages">更改显示消息的格式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#displaying-the-date-time-in-messages">在消息中显示日期/时间</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#next-steps">后续步骤</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#advanced-logging-tutorial">进阶日志教程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#logging-flow">记录流程</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#loggers">记录器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#handlers">处理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#formatters">格式器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#configuring-logging">配置日志记录</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#what-happens-if-no-configuration-is-provided">如果没有提供配置会发生什么</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#configuring-logging-for-a-library">为库配置日志</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#logging-levels">日志级别</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#custom-levels">自定义级别</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#useful-handlers">有用的处理器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#exceptions-raised-during-logging">记录日志时引发的异常</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#using-arbitrary-objects-as-messages">使用任意对象作为消息</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging.html#optimization">优化</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html">日志专题手册</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-logging-in-multiple-modules">在多模块中使用日志</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#logging-from-multiple-threads">在多个线程中记录日志</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#multiple-handlers-and-formatters">多个 handler 和多种 formatter</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#logging-to-multiple-destinations">在多个地方记录日志</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#configuration-server-example">日志配置服务器示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#dealing-with-handlers-that-block">处理日志 handler 的阻塞</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#sending-and-receiving-logging-events-across-a-network">通过网络收发日志事件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#adding-contextual-information-to-your-logging-output">在自己的输出日志中添加上下文信息</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-loggeradapters-to-impart-contextual-information">利用 LoggerAdapter 传递上下文信息</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-objects-other-than-dicts-to-pass-contextual-information">使用除字典之外的其它对象传递上下文信息</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-filters-to-impart-contextual-information">使用过滤器传递上下文信息</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#logging-to-a-single-file-from-multiple-processes">从多个进程记录至单个文件</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-concurrent-futures-processpoolexecutor">concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor 的用法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-file-rotation">轮换日志文件</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#use-of-alternative-formatting-styles">使用其他日志格式化方式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#customizing-logrecord">自定义 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LogRecord</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#subclassing-queuehandler-a-zeromq-example">子类化 QueueHandler - ZeroMQ 示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#subclassing-queuelistener-a-zeromq-example">子类化 QueueListener —— ZeroMQ 示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#an-example-dictionary-based-configuration">基于字典进行日志配置的示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-a-rotator-and-namer-to-customize-log-rotation-processing">利用 rotator 和 namer 自定义日志轮换操作</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#a-more-elaborate-multiprocessing-example">更加详细的多道处理示例</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#inserting-a-bom-into-messages-sent-to-a-sysloghandler">在发送给 SysLogHandler 的信息中插入一个 BOM。</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#implementing-structured-logging">结构化日志的实现代码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#customizing-handlers-with-dictconfig">利用 <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dictConfig()</span></code> 自定义 handler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-particular-formatting-styles-throughout-your-application">生效于整个应用程序的格式化样式</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-logrecord-factories">LogRecord 工厂的用法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-custom-message-objects">自定义信息对象的使用</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#configuring-filters-with-dictconfig">利用 <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dictConfig()</span></code> 定义过滤器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#customized-exception-formatting">异常信息的自定义格式化</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#speaking-logging-messages">语音播报日志信息</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#buffering-logging-messages-and-outputting-them-conditionally">缓冲日志消息并有条件地输出它们</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#formatting-times-using-utc-gmt-via-configuration">通过配置使用UTC (GMT) 格式化时间</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#using-a-context-manager-for-selective-logging">使用上下文管理器的可选的日志记录</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#a-cli-application-starter-template">命令行日志应用起步</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/logging-cookbook.html#a-qt-gui-for-logging">Qt GUI 日志示例</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html">正则表达式指南</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#simple-patterns">简单正则</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#matching-characters">匹配字符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#repeating-things">重复</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#using-regular-expressions">使用正则表达式</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#compiling-regular-expressions">编译正则表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#the-backslash-plague">反斜杠灾难</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#performing-matches">应用匹配</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#module-level-functions">模块级函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#compilation-flags">编译标志</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#more-pattern-power">更多模式能力</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#more-metacharacters">更多元字符</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#grouping">分组</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#non-capturing-and-named-groups">非捕获和命名组</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#lookahead-assertions">前视断言</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#modifying-strings">修改字符串</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#splitting-strings">分割字符串</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#search-and-replace">搜索和替换</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#common-problems">常见问题</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#use-string-methods">使用字符串方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#match-versus-search">match() 和 search()</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#greedy-versus-non-greedy">贪婪与非贪婪</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#using-re-verbose">使用 re.VERBOSE</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/regex.html#feedback">反馈</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html">套接字编程指南</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html#sockets">套接字</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html#history">历史</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html#creating-a-socket">创建套接字</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html#ipc">进程间通信</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html#using-a-socket">使用一个套接字</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html#binary-data">二进制数据</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html#disconnecting">断开连接</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html#when-sockets-die">套接字何时销毁</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sockets.html#non-blocking-sockets">非阻塞的套接字</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sorting.html">排序指南</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sorting.html#sorting-basics">排序的基础知识</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sorting.html#key-functions">键函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sorting.html#operator-module-functions">Operator 模块函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sorting.html#ascending-and-descending">升序与降序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sorting.html#sort-stability-and-complex-sorts">排序稳定性与复杂排序</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sorting.html#the-old-way-using-decorate-sort-undecorate">使用装饰-排序-去装饰的旧方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sorting.html#the-old-way-using-the-cmp-parameter">使用 <em>cmp</em> 参数的旧方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/sorting.html#odd-and-ends">其它</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html">Unicode 指南</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#introduction-to-unicode">Unicode 概述</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#definitions">定义</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#encodings">编码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#references">参考文献</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#python-s-unicode-support">Python对Unicode的支持</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#the-string-type">字符串类型</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#converting-to-bytes">转换为字节</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#unicode-literals-in-python-source-code">Python 源代码中的 Unicode 文字</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#unicode-properties">Unicode属性</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#comparing-strings">字符串比较</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#unicode-regular-expressions">Unicode 正则表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#id2">参考文献</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#reading-and-writing-unicode-data">Unicode 数据的读写</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#unicode-filenames">Unicode 文件名</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#tips-for-writing-unicode-aware-programs">识别 Unicode 的编程技巧</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#converting-between-file-encodings">在文件编码格式之间进行转换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#files-in-an-unknown-encoding">编码格式未知的文件</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#id3">参考文献</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/unicode.html#acknowledgements">致谢</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html">如何利用 urllib 包获取网络资源</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#introduction">概述</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#fetching-urls">获取 URL 资源</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#data">数据</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#headers">HTTP 头部信息</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#handling-exceptions">异常的处理</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#urlerror">URLError</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#httperror">HTTPError</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#error-codes">错误代码</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#wrapping-it-up">总之</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#number-1">第一种方案</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#number-2">第二种方案</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#info-and-geturl">info 和 geturl 方法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#openers-and-handlers">Opener 和 Handler</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#id5">基本认证</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#proxies">代理</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#sockets-and-layers">套接字与分层</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/urllib2.html#footnotes">备注</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html">argparse 教程</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html#concepts">概念</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html#the-basics">基础</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html#introducing-positional-arguments">位置参数介绍</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html#introducing-optional-arguments">可选参数介绍</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html#short-options">短选项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html#combining-positional-and-optional-arguments">结合位置参数和可选参数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html#getting-a-little-more-advanced">进行一些小小的改进</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html#conflicting-options">矛盾的选项</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/argparse.html#conclusion">后记</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html">ipaddress模块介绍</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#creating-address-network-interface-objects">创建 Address/Network/Interface 对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#a-note-on-ip-versions">关于IP版本的说明</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#ip-host-addresses">IP主机地址</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#defining-networks">定义网络</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#host-interfaces">主机接口</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#inspecting-address-network-interface-objects">审查 Address/Network/Interface 对象</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#networks-as-lists-of-addresses">Network 作为 Address 列表</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#comparisons">比较运算</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#using-ip-addresses-with-other-modules">将IP地址与其他模块一起使用</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/ipaddress.html#getting-more-detail-when-instance-creation-fails">实例创建失败时获取更多详细信息</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html">Argument Clinic 的用法</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#the-goals-of-argument-clinic">Argument Clinic 的设计目标</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#basic-concepts-and-usage">基本概念和用法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#converting-your-first-function">函数的转换</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#advanced-topics">进阶</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#symbolic-default-values">符号化默认值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#renaming-the-c-functions-and-variables-generated-by-argument-clinic">对 Argument Clinic 生成的 C 函数和变量进行重命名</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#converting-functions-using-pyarg-unpacktuple">函数转换会用到 PyArg_UnpackTuple</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#optional-groups">可选参数组</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#using-real-argument-clinic-converters-instead-of-legacy-converters">采用真正的 Argument Clinic 转换器，而不是 “传统转换器”</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#py-buffer">Py_buffer</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#advanced-converters">高级转换器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#parameter-default-values">参数的默认值</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#the-null-default-value">默认值 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#expressions-specified-as-default-values">设为默认值的表达式</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#using-a-return-converter">返回值转换器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#cloning-existing-functions">克隆已有的函数</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#calling-python-code">调用 Python 代码</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#using-a-self-converter">self 转换器的用法</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#writing-a-custom-converter">编写自定义转换器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#writing-a-custom-return-converter">编写自定义的返回值转换器</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#meth-o-and-meth-noargs">METH_O 和 METH_NOARGS</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#tp-new-and-tp-init-functions">tp_new 和 tp_init functions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#changing-and-redirecting-clinic-s-output">改变和重定向 Clinic 的输出</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#the-ifdef-trick">#ifdef 使用技巧</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/clinic.html#using-argument-clinic-in-python-files">在 Python 文件中使用 Argument Clinic</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/instrumentation.html">使用 DTrace 和 SystemTap 检测CPython</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/instrumentation.html#enabling-the-static-markers">启用静态标记</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/instrumentation.html#static-dtrace-probes">静态DTrace探针</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/instrumentation.html#static-systemtap-markers">静态SystemTap标记</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/instrumentation.html#available-static-markers">可用的静态标记</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/instrumentation.html#systemtap-tapsets">SystemTap Tapsets</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="howto/instrumentation.html#examples">例子</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/index.html">Python 常见问题</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/general.html">Python常见问题</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/general.html#general-information">一般信息</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/general.html#python-in-the-real-world">现实世界中的 Python</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/programming.html">编程常见问题</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/programming.html#general-questions">一般问题</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/programming.html#core-language">语言核心内容</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/programming.html#numbers-and-strings">数字和字符串</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/programming.html#performance">性能</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/programming.html#sequences-tuples-lists">序列（元组/列表）</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="faq/programming.html#objects">对象</a></li>
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||
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