173 lines
9.2 KiB
HTML
173 lines
9.2 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>exit</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-c_program_exit skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">exit</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="c.html">c</a>‎ | <a href="c-program.html">program</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><stdlib.h></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev">
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<tr class="t-dcl t-until-c11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">void</span> exit<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> exit_code <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-c11">(C11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-c11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">_Noreturn <span class="kw4">void</span> exit<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> exit_code <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>导致正常程序终止出现。</p>
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<p>进行几个清理步骤：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>以注册的逆序调用传递给 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-program-atexit.html">atexit</a></span> 的函数</li>
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<li>冲入并关闭所有 C 流</li>
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<li>移除 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-io-tmpfile.html">tmpfile</a></span> 创建的文件</li>
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<li>将控制返回给宿主环境。若 <code>exit_code</code> 为零或 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-program-EXIT_status.html">EXIT_SUCCESS</a></span> ，则返回指示成功终止的实现定义状态。若 <code>exit_code</code> 为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-program-EXIT_status.html">EXIT_FAILURE</a></span> ，则返回指示不成功终止的实现定义状态。其他情况下返回实现定义的状态值。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>不调用由 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-program-at_quick_exit.html">at_quick_exit</a></span> 注册的函数。</p>
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<p>若程序调用 <code>exit</code> 多于一次，或它调用 <code>exit</code> 和 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-program-quick_exit.html">quick_exit</a></span> ，则行为未定义。</p>
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<p>若在调用由 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-program-atexit.html">atexit</a></span> 注册的函数期间，以 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-program-longjmp.html">longjmp</a></span> 退出该函数，则行为未定义。</p>
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<p>从 <a href="c-language-main_function.html"><code>main</code> 函数</a>返回时，无论是通过 <code>return</code> 语句还是抵达函数尾，都会将 return 语句的参数（或若使用隐式返回，则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">​<span class="nu0">0</span>​</span></span> ）作为 <code>exit_code</code> 传递，执行 <code>exit()</code> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>exit_code</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>程序的退出状态</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>（无）</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="c source-c">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stdio.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <stdlib.h></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="c-io.html"><span class="kw883">FILE</span></a> <span class="sy2">*</span>fp <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="c-io-fopen.html"><span class="kw818">fopen</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"data.txt"</span>,<span class="st0">"r"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>fp <span class="sy1">==</span> <a href="c-types-NULL.html"><span class="kw103">NULL</span></a><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">fprintf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-io.html"><span class="kw887">stderr</span></a>, <span class="st0">"error opening file data.txt in function main()<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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exit<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<a href="c-io-fclose.html"><span class="kw821">fclose</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>fp<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Normal Return<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>可能的输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">error opening file data.txt in function main()</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
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<div class="t-ref-std-11">
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<ul>
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<li>C11 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:2011）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.22.4.4 The exit function (p: 351-352)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
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<ul>
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<li>C99 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:1999）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.20.4.3 The exit function (p: 315-316)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
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<ul>
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<li>C89/C90 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:1990）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>4.10.4.3 The exit function</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="c-program-abort.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>abort</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>引发非正常的程序终止（不清理）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="c-program-atexit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atexit</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>注册一个要在调用 <strong class="selflink"><tt>exit()</tt></strong> 时调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="c-program-quick_exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>quick_exit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>引发正常的程序终止但不完全清理<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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