281 lines
26 KiB
HTML
281 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::filesystem::copy</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_filesystem_copy skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::filesystem::</span>copy</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-filesystem.html">filesystem</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-filesystem.html"><filesystem></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> copy<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> from,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> to <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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<span class="kw4">void</span> copy<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> from,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> to,<br /></p>
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<a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> ec <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> copy<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> from,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> to,<br />
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<a href="cpp-filesystem-copy_options.html"><span class="kw2242">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy_options</span></span></a> options <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span><br />
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<span class="kw4">void</span> copy<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> from,<br />
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-path.html"><span class="kw2199">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">path</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> to,<br />
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<a href="cpp-filesystem-copy_options.html"><span class="kw2242">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy_options</span></span></a> options,<br /></p>
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<a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> ec <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>复制文件与目录，带一些选项</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 默认，等价于以 <code>copy_options::none</code> 为选项的 <span class="t-v">(2)</span></div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 复制文件或目录 <code>from</code> 到文件或目录 <code>to</code> ，使用 <code>options</code> 所指定的复制选项。若 <code>options</code> 中存在 <a href="cpp-filesystem-copy_options.html">copy_options</a> 任一选项组中多于一个的选项（即使在无关乎 <code>copy</code> 的 <code>copy_file</code> 组中）</div>
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<p>行为如下：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>首先，在做任何事前，以对下列之一者不多于一次的调用，获得 <code>from</code> 的类型与权限</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-filesystem-status.html">std::filesystem::symlink_status</a></span> ，若 <code>copy_options::skip_symlinks</code> 、 <code>copy_options::copy_symlinks</code> 或 <code>copy_options::create_symlinks</code> 存在于 <code>options</code> ；</li>
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<li>否则调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-filesystem-status.html">std::filesystem::status</a></span> 。</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<ul>
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<li>若需要，则以对下列之一者不多于一次的调用，获取 <code>to</code> 的状态</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>若 <code>copy_options::skip_symlinks</code> 或 <code>copy_options::create_symlinks</code> 存在于 <code>options</code> ，则调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-filesystem-status.html">std::filesystem::symlink_status</a></span> ；</li>
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<li>否则调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-filesystem-status.html">std::filesystem::status</a></span> （包括 <code>copy_options::copy_symlinks</code> 存在于 <code>options</code> 的情况）。</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<ul>
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<li>若 <code>from</code> 或 <code>to</code> 拥有实现定义的<a href="cpp-filesystem-file_type.html">文件类型</a>，则此函数的效果是实现定义的。</li>
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<li>若 <code>from</code> 不存在，则报告错误。</li>
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<li>若 <code>from</code> 与 <code>to</code> 是如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-filesystem-equivalent.html">std::filesystem::equivalent</a></span> 所确定的同一文件，则报告错误</li>
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<li>若 <code>from</code> 或 <code>to</code> 不是常规文件、目录或符号链接，如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-filesystem-is_other.html">std::filesystem::is_other</a></span> 所确定，则报告错误</li>
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<li>若 <code>from</code> 是目录，但 <code>to</code> 是常规文件，则报告错误</li>
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<li>若 <code>from</code> 是符号链接，则</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>若 <code>copy_options::skip_symlink</code> 存在于 <code>options</code> ，则不做任何事。</li>
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<li>否则，若 <code>to</code> 不存在且 <code>copy_options::copy_symlinks</code> 存在于 <code>options</code> ，则表现如同 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">copy_symlink<span class="br0">(</span>from, to<span class="br0">)</span></span></span></li>
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<li>否则，报告错误</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<ul>
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<li>否则，若 <code>from</code> 是常规文件，则</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>若 <code>copy_options::directories_only</code> 存在于 <code>options</code> ，则不做任何事</li>
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<li>否则，若 <code>copy_options::create_symlinks</code> 存在于 <code>options</code> ，则创建到 <code>to</code> 的符号链接。注意： <code>from</code> 必须是绝对路径，除非 <code>to</code> 在当前目录中。</li>
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<li>否则，若 <code>copy_options::create_hard_links</code> 存在于 <code>options</code> ，则创建到 <code>to</code> 的硬链接</li>
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<li>否则，若 <code>to</code> 是目录，则表现如同 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">copy_file<span class="br0">(</span>from, to<span class="sy2">/</span>from.<span class="me1">filename</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, options<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> （创建 <code>from</code> 的副本，作为 <code>to</code> 目录中的文件）</li>
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<li>否则，表现如同 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">copy_file<span class="br0">(</span>from, to, options<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> （复制文件）</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<ul>
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<li>否则，若 <code>from</code> 是目录而 <code>options</code> 中设置了 <code>copy_options::create_symlinks</code> ，则以等于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">make_error_code</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-error-errc.html"><span class="kw912">std::<span class="me2">errc</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">is_a_directory</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 的错误码报告错误。</li>
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<li>否则，若 <code>from</code> 是目录且 <code>options</code> 拥有 <code>copy_options::recursive</code> 或是 <code>copy_options::none</code> ，则</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>若 <code>to</code> 不存在，则首先执行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">create_directory<span class="br0">(</span>to, from<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> （创建拥有旧目录属性副本的新目录）</li>
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<li>然后，不管 <code>to</code> 已存在还是刚被创建，在 <code>from</code> 所含有的文件上迭代，如同用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-directory_entry.html"><span class="kw2203">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">directory_entry</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span> x <span class="sy4">:</span> <a href="cpp-filesystem-directory_iterator.html"><span class="kw2204">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">directory_iterator</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>from<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，并对于每个目录入口，递归地调用 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">copy<span class="br0">(</span>x.<span class="me1">path</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, to<span class="sy2">/</span>x.<span class="me1">path</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">filename</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, options <span class="sy3">|</span> in<span class="sy2">-</span>recursive<span class="sy2">-</span>copy<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，其中 <i>in-recursive-copy</i> 是于 <code>options</code> 设置时无其他效果的特殊位。（设置此位的独有目的是若 <code>options</code> 为 <code>copy_options::none</code> 则阻止递归复制子目录）</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<ul>
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<li>否则不做任何事。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>from</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>源文件、目录或符号链接的路径</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>to</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>目标文件、目录或符号链接的路径</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>ec</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>不抛出重载中报告错误的输出参数</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>（无）</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>不接受 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> 参数的重载在底层 OS API 错误时抛出 <a href="cpp-filesystem-filesystem_error.html"><tt>filesystem_error</tt></a> ，以第一 path 参数 <code>from</code>，第二 path 参数 <code>to</code> 和作为错误码参数的 OS 错误码构造。若 OS API 调用失败，则接受 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-error-error_code.html"><span class="kw877">std::<span class="me2">error_code</span></span></a><span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> 参数的重载设置该参数为 OS API 错误码，而若不出现错误则执行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ec.<span class="me1">clear</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。若内存分配失败，则任何不标记为 <code>noexcept</code> 的重载可能抛出 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-new-bad_alloc.html">std::bad_alloc</a></span> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>复制目录时的默认行为是非递归复制：复制文件，但不复制子目录：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co1">// 给定</span>
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<span class="co1">// /dir1 含有 /dir1/file1 、 /dir1/file2 、 /dir1/dir2</span>
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<span class="co1">// 而 /dir1/dir2 含有 /dir1/dir2/file3</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"/dir1"</span>, <span class="st0">"/dir3"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 之后</span>
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<span class="co1">// 创建 /dir3 （拥有 /dir1 的属性）</span>
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<span class="co1">// /dir1/file1 被复制到 /dir3/file1</span>
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<span class="co1">// /dir1/file2 被复制到 /dir3/file2</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>而带有 <code>copy_options::recursive</code> 时，亦复制子目录，递归地带有其内容。</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co1">// ……但在下一句后</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"/dir1"</span>, <span class="st0">"/dir3"</span>, <a href="cpp-filesystem-copy_options.html"><span class="kw2247">std::<span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy_options</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">recursive</span></span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 创建 /dir3 （拥有 /dir1 的属性）</span>
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<span class="co1">// /dir1/file1 被复制到 /dir3/file1</span>
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<span class="co1">// /dir1/file2 被复制到 /dir3/file2</span>
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<span class="co1">// 创建 /dir3/dir2 （拥有 /dir1/dir2 的属性）</span>
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<span class="co1">// /dir1/dir2/file3 被复制到 /dir3/dir2/file3</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <cstdlib></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <fstream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <filesystem></span>
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<span class="kw1">namespace</span> fs <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">filesystem</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">create_directories</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sandbox/dir/subdir"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-basic_ofstream.html"><span class="kw1733">std::<span class="me2">ofstream</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sandbox/file1.txt"</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">put</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">'a'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sandbox/file1.txt"</span>, <span class="st0">"sandbox/file2.txt"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 复制文件</span>
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fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sandbox/dir"</span>, <span class="st0">"sandbox/dir2"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 复制目录（非递归）</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">auto</span> copyOptions <span class="sy1">=</span> fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy_options</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">update_existing</span>
|
|
<span class="sy3">|</span> fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy_options</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">recursive</span>
|
|
<span class="sy3">|</span> fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy_options</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">directories_only</span>
|
|
<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">copy</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sandbox"</span>, <span class="st0">"sandbox_copy"</span>, copyOptions<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">static_cast</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-utility-program-system.html"><span class="kw974">std::<span class="me2">system</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"tree"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">remove_all</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sandbox"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
fs<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">remove_all</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sandbox_copy"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>可能的输出：</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">.
|
|
├── sandbox
|
|
│ ├── dir
|
|
│ │ └── subdir
|
|
│ ├── dir2
|
|
│ ├── file1.txt
|
|
│ └── file2.txt
|
|
└── sandbox_copy
|
|
├── dir
|
|
│ └── subdir
|
|
└── dir2
|
|
|
|
8 directories, 2 files</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BC.BA.E9.99.B7.E6.8A.A5.E5.91.8A">缺陷报告</span></h3>
|
|
<p>下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。</p>
|
|
<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>DR</th>
|
|
<th>应用于</th>
|
|
<th>出版时的行为</th>
|
|
<th>正确行为</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue3013">LWG 3013</a></td>
|
|
<td>C++17</td>
|
|
<td><code>error_code</code> 重载被标记为 noexcept 但能分配内存</td>
|
|
<td>移除 noexcept</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue2682">LWG 2682</a></td>
|
|
<td>C++17</td>
|
|
<td>试图为目录创建符号链接会成功但不做任何事</td>
|
|
<td>报告错误</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-filesystem-copy_options.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>copy_options</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>指定复制操作的语义<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(枚举)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-filesystem-copy_symlink.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>copy_symlink</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>复制一个符号链接<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-filesystem-copy_file.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>copy_file</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>复制文件内容<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html>
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