202 lines
15 KiB
HTML
202 lines
15 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>FE_DOWNWARD, FE_TONEAREST, FE_TOWARDZERO, FE_UPWARD</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_numeric_fenv_FE_round skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><small>FE_DOWNWARD, FE_TONEAREST, FE_TOWARDZERO, FE_UPWARD</small></h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-numeric.html">numeric</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-numeric-fenv.html">fenv</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-cfenv.html"><cfenv></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="co2">#define FE_DOWNWARD /*implementation defined*/</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="co2">#define FE_TONEAREST /*implementation defined*/</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="co2">#define FE_TOWARDZERO /*implementation defined*/</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="co2">#define FE_UPWARD /*implementation defined*/</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>每个这种宏展开成非负常量表达式,可被 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-feround.html">std::fesetround</a></span> 或 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-feround.html">std::fegetround</a></span> 用于指示受支持的浮点舍入模式之一。实现可于 <code><cfenv></code> 定义另外的舍入模式常量,它应以 <code>FE_</code> 后随至少一个大写字母开始。每个宏仅若受支持才得到定义。</p>
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<p>大多数实现中,这些宏常量展开成的值等于 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-climits-FLT_ROUNDS.html">FLT_ROUNDS</a></span> 和 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-numeric_limits-float_round_style.html">std::float_round_style</a></span> 的值。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>常量</td>
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<td>解释</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>FE_DOWNWARD</code></td>
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<td>向负无穷大舍入</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>FE_TONEAREST</code></td>
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<td>向最接近可表示值舍入</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>FE_TOWARDZERO</code></td>
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<td>向零舍入</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>FE_UPWARD</code></td>
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<td>向正无穷大舍入</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>实现可支持另外的舍入模式。</p>
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<p>当前舍入模式影响下列内容:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>常量表达式外浮点<a href="cpp-language-operator_arithmetic.html">算术运算符</a>的结果</li>
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</ul>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">double</span> x <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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x<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">10</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 0.09999999999999999167332731531132594682276248931884765625</span>
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<span class="co1">// or 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li>标准库<a href="cpp-numeric-math.html">数学函数</a>的结果</li>
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</ul>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-sqrt.html"><span class="kw1329">std::<span class="me2">sqrt</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 1.41421356237309492343001693370752036571502685546875</span>
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<span class="co1">// or 1.4142135623730951454746218587388284504413604736328125</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li>浮点到浮点隐式转换或转型</li>
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</ul>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw4">double</span> d <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <a href="cpp-types-numeric_limits.html"><span class="kw344">std::<span class="me2">numeric_limits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">double</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">epsilon</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">float</span> f <span class="sy1">=</span> d<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 1.00000000000000000000000</span>
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<span class="co1">// or 1.00000011920928955078125</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li>例如 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-string-byte-strtof.html">std::strtod</a></span> 或 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-c-fprintf.html">std::printf</a></span> 的字符串转换</li>
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</ul>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string-stof.html"><span class="kw1262">std::<span class="me2">stof</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"0.1"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 0.0999999940395355224609375</span>
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<span class="co1">// or 0.100000001490116119384765625</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li>库舍入函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-nearbyint.html">std::nearbyint</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-rint.html">std::rint</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-rint.html">std::lrint</a></span></li>
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</ul>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-rint.html"><span class="kw1358">std::<span class="me2">lrint</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu16">2.1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 2 或 3</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>当前舍入模式不影响:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>浮点到整数的隐式转换或转型(始终向零)</li>
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<li>编译时执行的常量表达式中浮点算术运算符的结果(始终向最接近)</li>
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<li>库函数 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-round.html">std::round</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-round.html">std::lround</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-round.html">std::llround</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-ceil.html">std::ceil</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-floor.html">std::floor</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-trunc.html">std::trunc</a></span></li>
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</ul>
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<p>同任何<a href="cpp-numeric-fenv.html">浮点环境</a>功能,仅若设置了 <code>#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON</code> 才保证舍入。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iomanip></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <string></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cfenv></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cmath></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="co2">#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON</span>
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<a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-feround.html"><span class="kw1456">std::<span class="me2">fesetround</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>FE_DOWNWARD<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1754">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"rounding down: <span class="es1">\n</span>"</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-io-manip-setprecision.html"><span class="kw1792">std::<span class="me2">setprecision</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">50</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" pi = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-numeric-math-acos.html"><span class="kw1337">std::<span class="me2">acos</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span>.<span class="me1">f</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"stof(<span class="es1">\"</span>1.1<span class="es1">\"</span>) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string-stof.html"><span class="kw1262">std::<span class="me2">stof</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"1.1"</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" rint(2.1) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-numeric-math-rint.html"><span class="kw1357">std::<span class="me2">rint</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu16">2.3</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span><span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-feround.html"><span class="kw1456">std::<span class="me2">fesetround</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>FE_UPWARD<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1754">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"rounding up: <span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" pi = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-numeric-math-acos.html"><span class="kw1337">std::<span class="me2">acos</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span>.<span class="me1">f</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"stof(<span class="es1">\"</span>1.1<span class="es1">\"</span>) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-string-basic_string-stof.html"><span class="kw1262">std::<span class="me2">stof</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"1.1"</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span>
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<span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" rint(2.1) = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <a href="cpp-numeric-math-rint.html"><span class="kw1357">std::<span class="me2">rint</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu16">2.3</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">rounding down:
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pi = 3.141592502593994140625
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stof("1.1") = 1.099999904632568359375
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rint(2.1) = 2
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rounding up:
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pi = 3.1415927410125732421875
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stof("1.1") = 1.10000002384185791015625
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rint(2.1) = 3</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-types-numeric_limits-float_round_style.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>float_round_style</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指示浮点舍入模式<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(枚举)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-fenv-feround.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>fegetround</span><span>fesetround</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>获取或设置舍入方向<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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