287 lines
24 KiB
HTML
287 lines
24 KiB
HTML
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::exclusive_scan</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_algorithm_exclusive_scan skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>exclusive_scan</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-algorithm.html">algorithm</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-numeric.html"><numeric></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17 t-until-cxx20">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> InputIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> OutputIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p>OutputIt exclusive_scan<span class="br0">(</span> InputIt first, InputIt last,<br /></p>
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OutputIt d_first, T init <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx20">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> InputIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> OutputIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p><span class="kw4">constexpr</span> OutputIt exclusive_scan<span class="br0">(</span> InputIt first, InputIt last,<br /></p>
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OutputIt d_first, T init <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ExecutionPolicy, <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt1, <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt2, <span class="kw1">class</span> T <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p>ForwardIt2 exclusive_scan<span class="br0">(</span> ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy3">&&</span> policy, ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,<br /></p>
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ForwardIt2 d_first, T init<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(3)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17 t-until-cxx20">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> InputIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> OutputIt,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> BinaryOperation <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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OutputIt exclusive_scan<span class="br0">(</span> InputIt first, InputIt last,<br /></p>
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OutputIt d_first, T init, BinaryOperation binary_op <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx20">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> InputIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> OutputIt,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> BinaryOperation <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw4">constexpr</span> OutputIt exclusive_scan<span class="br0">(</span> InputIt first, InputIt last,<br /></p>
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OutputIt d_first, T init, BinaryOperation binary_op <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tbody>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ExecutionPolicy, <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt1, <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt2,<br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> BinaryOperation <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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ForwardIt2 exclusive_scan<span class="br0">(</span> ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy3">&&</span> policy, ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,<br /></p>
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ForwardIt2 d_first, T init, BinaryOperation binary_op <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>用 <code>binary_op</code> （或对于重载 <span class="t-v">(1-2)</span> 是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-utility-functional-plus.html"><span class="kw1029">std::<span class="me2">plus</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ）计算范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 上排除性前缀和，以 <code>init</code> 为初始值，并写入结果到从 <code>d_first</code> 开始的范围。“排除性”表示第 i 个输入元素不包含于第 i 个和。</p>
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<p>正式而言，用对于 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">[first, first + (i - d_first))</span> 中的每个 <code>j</code> 在 <code>binary_op</code> 上的广义非交换和 <code>init, *j...</code> 的值，通过 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">[d_first, d_first + (last - first))</span> 中的每个迭代器赋值。</p>
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<p>其中广义非交换和 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">GNSUM(op, a<span class="t-su t-su-b"><br />
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1</span>, ..., a<span class="t-su t-su-b"><br />
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N</span>)</span> 定义如下：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>若 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">N=1</span> ，则为 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">a<span class="t-su t-su-b"><br />
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1</span></span></li>
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<li>若 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">N > 1</span> ，则为 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">op(GNSUM(op, a<span class="t-su t-su-b"><br />
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1</span>, ..., a<span class="t-su t-su-b"><br />
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K</span>), GNSUM(op, a<span class="t-su t-su-b"><br />
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M</span>, ..., a<span class="t-su t-su-b"><br />
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N</span>))</span> ，对于任何 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">1 < K+1 = M ≤ N</span> 中的 K</li>
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</ul>
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<p>换言之，和运算可能以任意顺序进行，而且若 <code>binary_op</code> 非结合，则行为是非确定的。</p>
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<p>重载 <span class="t-v">(2,4)</span> 按照 <code>policy</code> 执行。这些重载仅若 <span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx20"><span><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-algorithm-is_execution_policy.html"><span class="kw1564">std::<span class="me2">is_execution_policy_v</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-types-decay.html"><span class="kw629">std::<span class="me2">decay_t</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy1">>></span></span></span></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></span></span><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx20"><span><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-algorithm-is_execution_policy.html"><span class="kw1564">std::<span class="me2">is_execution_policy_v</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">remove_cvref_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy1">>></span></span></span></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></span></span> 为 true 才参与重载决议。</p>
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<p><code>binary_op</code> 不应非法化范围 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">[first, last)</span> 或 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">[d_first, d_first + (last - first))</span> 中的迭代器（含尾迭代器）或子范围，亦不应修改其中的元素。否则行为未定义。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要求和的元素范围</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>d_first</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>目标范围的起始；可以等于 <code>first</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>policy</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>所用的执行策略。细节见<a href="cpp-algorithm-execution_policy_tag_t.html">执行策略</a>。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>init</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>初始值</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>binary_op</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>将应用到解引用输入迭代器的结果、其他 <code>binary_op</code> 的结果和 <code>init</code> 的二元<a href="cpp-named_req-FunctionObject.html"><span style="font-style:italic">函数对象</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(FunctionObject)</span></a> 。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-hitem">
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<td colspan="3">类型要求</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>InputIt</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-InputIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式输入迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyInputIterator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>OutputIt</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-OutputIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式输出迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyOutputIterator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>ForwardIt1, ForwardIt2</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-ForwardIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式向前迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyForwardIterator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>T</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-MoveConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可移动构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(MoveConstructible)</span></a> 的要求。且 <code>binary_op(init, *first)</code> 、 <code>binary_op(init, init)</code> 及 <code>binary_op(*first, *first)</code> 必须能转换到 <code>T</code></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>指向最后写入元素的后一元素的迭代器。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<p><span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">O(last - first)</span> 次应用二元运算</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>拥有名为 <code>ExecutionPolicy</code> 的模板形参的重载按下列方式报告错误：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>若作为算法一部分调用的函数的执行抛出异常，且 <code>ExecutionPolicy</code> 为<a href="cpp-algorithm-execution_policy_tag_t.html">标准策略</a>之一，则调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html">std::terminate</a></span> 。对于任何其他 <code>ExecutionPolicy</code> ，行为是实现定义的。</li>
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<li>若算法无法分配内存，则抛出 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-new-bad_alloc.html">std::bad_alloc</a></span> 。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <functional></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iterator></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <numeric></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a> data <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="nu0">9</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">6</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"exclusive sum: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">exclusive_scan</span><span class="br0">(</span>data.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, data.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
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<a href="cpp-iterator-ostream_iterator.html"><span class="kw670">std::<span class="me2">ostream_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>, <span class="st0">" "</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
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<span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>inclusive sum: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-algorithm-inclusive_scan.html"><span class="kw1657">std::<span class="me2">inclusive_scan</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>data.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, data.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
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<a href="cpp-iterator-ostream_iterator.html"><span class="kw670">std::<span class="me2">ostream_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>, <span class="st0">" "</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span><span class="es1">\n</span>exclusive product: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">exclusive_scan</span><span class="br0">(</span>data.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, data.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
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<a href="cpp-iterator-ostream_iterator.html"><span class="kw670">std::<span class="me2">ostream_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>, <span class="st0">" "</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
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<span class="nu0">1</span>, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-multiplies.html"><span class="kw1031">std::<span class="me2">multiplies</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><></span><span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>inclusive product: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-algorithm-inclusive_scan.html"><span class="kw1657">std::<span class="me2">inclusive_scan</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>data.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, data.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
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<a href="cpp-iterator-ostream_iterator.html"><span class="kw670">std::<span class="me2">ostream_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a>, <span class="st0">" "</span><span class="br0">)</span>,
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<a href="cpp-utility-functional-multiplies.html"><span class="kw1031">std::<span class="me2">multiplies</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><></span><span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">exclusive sum: 0 3 4 8 9 14 23 25
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inclusive sum: 3 4 8 9 14 23 25 31
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exclusive product: 1 3 3 12 12 60 540 1080
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inclusive product: 3 3 12 12 60 540 1080 6480</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-adjacent_difference.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>adjacent_difference</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算范围内各相邻元素之间的差<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-accumulate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>accumulate</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>对一个范围内的元素求和<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-partial_sum.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>partial_sum</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算范围内元素的部分和<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-transform_exclusive_scan.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>transform_exclusive_scan</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>应用一个函数对象，然后进行排除扫描<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-inclusive_scan.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>inclusive_scan</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>类似 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-algorithm-partial_sum.html">std::partial_sum</a></span>，第 i 个和中包含第 i 个输入<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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