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<section id="capsules">
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<span id="id1"></span><h1>胶囊<a class="headerlink" href="#capsules" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p id="index-0">有关使用这些对象的更多信息请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="../extending/extending.html#using-capsules"><span class="std std-ref">给扩展模块提供C API</span></a>。</p>
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.1 新版功能.</span></p>
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c.PyCapsule">
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>这个 <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> 的子类型代表一个隐藏的值，适用于需要将隐藏值（作为 <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">void*</span></code> 指针）通过 Python 代码传递到其他 C 代码的 C 扩展模块。 它常常被用来让在一个模块中定义的 C 函数指针在其他模块中可用，这样就可以使用常规导入机制来访问在动态加载的模块中定义的 C API。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c.PyCapsule_Destructor">
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<code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_Destructor</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_Destructor" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>这种类型的一个析构器返回一个胶囊，定义如下：</p>
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<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">PyCapsule_Destructor</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_New" title="PyCapsule_New"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule_New()</span></code></a> 来获取 PyCapsule_Destructor 返回值的语义。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyCapsule_CheckExact">
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int <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_CheckExact</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_CheckExact" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>如果参数是一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule" title="PyCapsule"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule</span></code></a> 则返回 True</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyCapsule_New">
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<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_New</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>void<em> *pointer</em>, const char<em> *name</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_Destructor" title="PyCapsule_Destructor">PyCapsule_Destructor</a><em> destructor</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_New" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>创建一个封装了 <em>pointer</em> 的 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule" title="PyCapsule"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule</span></code></a>。 <em>pointer</em> 参考可以不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
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<p>在失败时设置一个异常并返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
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<p>字符串 <em>name</em> 可以是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 或是一个指向有效的 C 字符串的指针。 如果不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，则此字符串必须比 capsule 长（虽然也允许在 <em>destructor</em> 中释放它。）</p>
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<p>如果 <em>destructor</em> 参数不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，则当它被销毁时将附带 capsule 作为参数来调用。</p>
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<p>如果此 capsule 将被保存为一个模块的属性，则 <em>name</em> 应当被指定为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">modulename.attributename</span></code>。 这将允许其他模块使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_Import" title="PyCapsule_Import"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule_Import()</span></code></a> 来导入此 capsule。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyCapsule_GetPointer">
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void* <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_GetPointer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *capsule</em>, const char<em> *name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_GetPointer" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>提取保存在 capsule 中的 <em>pointer</em>。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
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<p><em>name</em> 形参必须与保存在 capsule 中的名称进行精确比较。 如果保存在 capsule 中的名称为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，则传入的 <em>name</em> 也必须为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。 Python 会使用 C 函数 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">strcmp()</span></code> 来比较 capsule 名称。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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|
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyCapsule_GetDestructor">
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_Destructor" title="PyCapsule_Destructor">PyCapsule_Destructor</a> <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_GetDestructor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *capsule</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_GetDestructor" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回保存为 capsule 中的当前析构器。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
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<p>具有 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 析构器是合法的。 这会使得 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 返回值有些歧义；请使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_IsValid" title="PyCapsule_IsValid"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule_IsValid()</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> 来消除歧义。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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|
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<dl class="function">
|
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<dt id="c.PyCapsule_GetContext">
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void* <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_GetContext</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *capsule</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_GetContext" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回保存在 capsule 中的当前上下文。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
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<p>capsule 具有 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 上下文是全法的。 这会使得 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 返回码有些歧义；请使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_IsValid" title="PyCapsule_IsValid"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule_IsValid()</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> 来消除歧义。</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
|
||
|
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<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyCapsule_GetName">
|
||
const char* <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_GetName</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *capsule</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_GetName" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回保存在 capsule 中的当前名称。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<p>capsule 具有 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 名称是合法的。 这会使得 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 返回码有些歧义；请使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_IsValid" title="PyCapsule_IsValid"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule_IsValid()</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#c.PyErr_Occurred" title="PyErr_Occurred"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Occurred()</span></code></a> 来消除歧义。</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
|
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|
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<dl class="function">
|
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<dt id="c.PyCapsule_Import">
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||
void* <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_Import</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *name</em>, int<em> no_block</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_Import" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>从一个模块的 capsule 属性导入指向 C 对象的指针。 <em>name</em> 形参应当指定属性的完整名称，与 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">module.attribute</span></code> 中的一致。 保存在 capsule 中的 <em>name</em> 必须完全匹配此字符串。 如果 <em>no_block</em> 为真值，则以无阻塞模式导入模块 (使用 <a class="reference internal" href="import.html#c.PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock" title="PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock()</span></code></a>)。 如果 <em>no_block</em> 为假值，则以传统模式导入模块 (使用 <a class="reference internal" href="import.html#c.PyImport_ImportModule" title="PyImport_ImportModule"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyImport_ImportModule()</span></code></a>)。</p>
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<p>成功时返回 capsule 的内部 <em>指针</em>。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyCapsule_IsValid">
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||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_IsValid</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *capsule</em>, const char<em> *name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_IsValid" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>确定 <em>capsule</em> 是否是一个有效的。 有效的 capsule 必须不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，传递 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_CheckExact" title="PyCapsule_CheckExact"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule_CheckExact()</span></code></a>，在其中存储一个不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> 的指针，并且其内部名称与 <em>name</em> 形参相匹配。 （请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_GetPointer" title="PyCapsule_GetPointer"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule_GetPointer()</span></code></a> 了解如何对 capsule 名称进行比较的有关信息。）</p>
|
||
<p>换句话说，如果 <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_IsValid" title="PyCapsule_IsValid"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule_IsValid()</span></code></a> 返回真值，则任何对访问器（以 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyCapsule_Get()</span></code> 开头的任何函数）的调用都保证会成功。</p>
|
||
<p>如果对象有效并且匹配传入的名称则返回非零值。 否则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>。 此函数一定不会失败。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyCapsule_SetContext">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_SetContext</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *capsule</em>, void<em> *context</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_SetContext" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将 <em>capsule</em> 内部的上下文指针设为 <em>context</em>。</p>
|
||
<p>成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>。 失败时返回非零值并设置一个异常。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyCapsule_SetDestructor">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_SetDestructor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *capsule</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyCapsule_Destructor" title="PyCapsule_Destructor">PyCapsule_Destructor</a><em> destructor</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_SetDestructor" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将 <em>capsule</em> 内部的析构器设为 <em>destructor</em>。</p>
|
||
<p>成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>。 失败时返回非零值并设置一个异常。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyCapsule_SetName">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_SetName</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *capsule</em>, const char<em> *name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_SetName" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将 <em>capsule</em> 内部的名称设为 <em>name</em>。 如果不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，则名称的存在期必须比 capsule 更长。 如果之前保存在 capsule 中的 <em>name</em> 不为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>，则不会尝试释放它。</p>
|
||
<p>成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>。 失败时返回非零值并设置一个异常。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="c.PyCapsule_SetPointer">
|
||
int <code class="sig-name descname">PyCapsule_SetPointer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *capsule</em>, void<em> *pointer</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCapsule_SetPointer" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将 <em>capsule</em> 内部的空指针设为 <em>pointer</em>。 指针不可为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<p>成功时返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>。 失败时返回非零值并设置一个异常。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
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最后更新于 12月 09, 2024.
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