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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipaddress</span></code> --- IPv4/IPv6 操作库</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#convenience-factory-functions">方便的工厂函数</a></li>
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<section id="module-ipaddress">
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<span id="ipaddress-ipv4-ipv6-manipulation-library"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-ipaddress" title="ipaddress: IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipaddress</span></code></a> --- IPv4/IPv6 操作库<a class="headerlink" href="#module-ipaddress" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>源代码：</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/ipaddress.py">Lib/ipaddress.py</a></p>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-ipaddress" title="ipaddress: IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipaddress</span></code></a> 提供了创建、处理和操作 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址和网络的功能。</p>
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<p>该模块中的函数和类可以直接处理与IP地址相关的各种任务，包括检查两个主机是否在同一个子网中，遍历某个子网中的所有主机，检查一个字符串是否是一个有效的IP地址或网络定义等等。</p>
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<p>这是完整的模块 API 参考—若要查看概述，请见 <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/ipaddress.html#ipaddress-howto"><span class="std std-ref">ipaddress模块介绍</span></a>.</p>
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能.</span></p>
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<section id="convenience-factory-functions">
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<h2>方便的工厂函数<a class="headerlink" href="#convenience-factory-functions" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-ipaddress" title="ipaddress: IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipaddress</span></code></a> 模块提供来工厂函数来方便地创建 IP 地址，网络和接口：</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="ipaddress.ip_address">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">ip_address</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.ip_address" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address" title="ipaddress.IPv6Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Address</span></code></a> 对象，取决于作为参数传递的 IP 地址。可以提供IPv4或IPv6地址，小于 2**32 的整数默认被认为是 IPv4。如果 <em>address</em> 不是有效的 IPv4 或 IPv6 地址，则会抛出 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
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<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.0.1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2001:db8::'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="go">IPv6Address('2001:db8::')</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="ipaddress.ip_network">
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">ip_network</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em>, <em class="sig-param">strict=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.ip_network" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>返回一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network" title="ipaddress.IPv6Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Network</span></code></a> 对象，具体取决于作为参数传入的 IP 地址。 <em>address</em> 是表示 IP 网址的字符串或整数。 可以提供 IPv4 或 IPv6 网址；小于 2**32 的整数默认被视为 IPv4。 <em>strict</em> 会被传给 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network" title="ipaddress.IPv6Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Network</span></code></a> 构造器。 如果 <em>address</em> 不表示有效的 IPv4 或 IPv6 网址，或者网络设置了 host 比特位，则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
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<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.0.0/28'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="go">IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/28')</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
|
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<dt id="ipaddress.ip_interface">
|
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<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">ip_interface</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.ip_interface" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Interface" title="ipaddress.IPv4Interface"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Interface</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Interface" title="ipaddress.IPv6Interface"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Interface</span></code></a> 对象，取决于作为参数传递的 IP 地址。 <em>address</em> 是代表 IP 地址的字符串或整数。 可以提供 IPv4 或 IPv6 地址，小于 2**32 的整数默认认为是 IPv4。 如果 <em>address</em> 不是有效的IPv4 或 IPv6 地址，则会抛出一个 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<p>这些方便的函数的一个缺点是需要同时处理IPv4和IPv6格式，这意味着提供的错误信息并不精准，因为函数不知道是打算采用IPv4还是IPv6格式。更详细的错误报告可以通过直接调用相应版本的类构造函数来获得。</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="ip-addresses">
|
||
<h2>IP 地址<a class="headerlink" href="#ip-addresses" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<section id="address-objects">
|
||
<h3>地址对象<a class="headerlink" href="#address-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address" title="ipaddress.IPv6Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Address</span></code></a> 对象有很多共同的属性。一些只对IPv6 地址有意义的属性也在 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> 对象实现，以便更容易编写正确处理两种 IP 版本的代码。地址对象是可哈希的 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-hashable"><span class="xref std std-term">hashable</span></a>，所以它们可以作为字典中的键来使用。</p>
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||
<dl class="class">
|
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<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address">
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<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">IPv4Address</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>构造一个 IPv4 地址。 如果 <em>address</em> 不是一个有效的 IPv4 地址，会抛出 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.AddressValueError" title="ipaddress.AddressValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AddressValueError</span></code></a> 。</p>
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<p>以下是有效的 IPv4 地址：</p>
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<ol class="arabic simple">
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<li><p>以十进制小数点表示的字符串，由四个十进制整数组成，范围为0--255，用点隔开(例如 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.168.0.1</span></code> )。每个整数代表地址中的八位（一个字节）。不允许使用前导零，以免与八进制表示产生歧义。</p></li>
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<li><p>一个32位可容纳的整数。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>一个长度为 4 的封装在 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> 对象中的整数(高位优先)。</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.0.1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3232235521</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\xC0\xA8\x00\x01</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.8 版更改: </span>前导零可被接受，即使是在可能与八进制表示混淆的情况下也会被接受。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.8.12 版更改: </span>前导零不再被接受，并且会被视作错误。IPv4地址字符串现在严格按照glibc的 <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.inet_pton" title="socket.inet_pton"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inet_pton()</span></code></a> 函数进行解析。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.version">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">version</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.version" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>合适的版本号：IPv4为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">4</span></code> ，IPv6为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">6</span></code> 。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.max_prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">max_prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.max_prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>在该版本的地址表示中，比特数的总数：IPv4为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">32</span></code> ；IPv6为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">128</span></code> 。</p>
|
||
<p>前缀定义了地址中的前导位数量，通过比较来确定一个地址是否是网络的一部分。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.compressed">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">compressed</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.compressed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.exploded">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">exploded</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.exploded" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>以点符号分割十进制表示的字符串。表示中不包括前导零。</p>
|
||
<p>由于IPv4没有为八位数设为零的地址定义速记符号，这两个属性始终与IPv4地址的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(addr)</span></code> 相同。暴露这些属性使得编写能够处理IPv4和IPv6地址的显示代码变得更加容易。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.packed">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">packed</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.packed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>这个地址的二进制表示——一个适当长度的 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> 对象（最高的八位在最前）。 对于 IPv4 来说是 4 字节，对于 IPv6 来说是 16 字节。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.reverse_pointer">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">reverse_pointer</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.reverse_pointer" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>IP地址的反向DNS PTR记录的名称，例如:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"127.0.0.1"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reverse_pointer</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"2001:db8::1"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reverse_pointer</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>这是可用于执行PTR查询的名称，而不是已解析的主机名本身。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.5 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_multicast">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_multicast</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_multicast" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果该地址被保留用作多播用途，返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> 。关于多播地址，请参见 <span class="target" id="index-23"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3171.html"><strong>RFC 3171</strong></a> （IPv4）和 <span class="target" id="index-24"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2373.html"><strong>RFC 2373</strong></a> （IPv6）。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_private</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果地址被 <a class="reference external" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/iana-ipv4-special-registry/iana-ipv4-special-registry.xhtml">iana-ipv4-special-registry</a> (针对 IPv4) 或 <a class="reference external" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/iana-ipv6-special-registry/iana-ipv6-special-registry.xhtml">iana-ipv6-special-registry</a> (针对 IPv6) 定义为非全局可用则为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>，例外情况如下：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p>对于共享地址空间 (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">100.64.0.0/10</span></code>) <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_private</span></code> 为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code></p></li>
|
||
<li><p>对于映射 IPv4 的 IPv6 地址来说 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_private</span></code> 值由下层 IPv4 地址的语义决定并且以下条件将保持成立 (见 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.ipv4_mapped" title="ipaddress.IPv6Address.ipv4_mapped"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Address.ipv4_mapped</span></code></a>):</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_private</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ipv4_mapped</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_private</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_private</span></code> 具有与 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_global" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_global"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_global</span></code></a> 相反的值，除了对于共享的地址空间（即 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">100.64.0.0/10</span></code> 范围）来说它们均为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.8.20 版更改: </span>修复了一些错误的正值和错误的负值。</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.0.0.0/24</span></code> 被视为私有但 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.0.0.9/32</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.0.0.10/32</span></code> 除外（之前：只有 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.0.0.0/29</span></code> 子范围被视为私有）。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">64:ff9b:1::/48</span></code> 被视为私有。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2002::/16</span></code> 被视为私有。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001::/23</span></code> 中存在例外（其余范围被视为私有）: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001:1::1/128</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001:1::2/128</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001:3::/32</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001:4:112::/48</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001:20::/28</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001:30::/28</span></code>。 这些例外不被视为私有。</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_global">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_global</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_global" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果地址被 <a class="reference external" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/iana-ipv4-special-registry/iana-ipv4-special-registry.xhtml">iana-ipv4-special-registry</a> (针对 IPv4) 或 <a class="reference external" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/iana-ipv6-special-registry/iana-ipv6-special-registry.xhtml">iana-ipv6-special-registry</a> (针对 IPv6) 定义为全局可用则为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>，例外情况如下：</p>
|
||
<p>对于映射 IPv4 的 IPv6 地址来说 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_private</span></code> 值由下层 IPv4 地址的语义决定并且以下条件将保持成立 (见 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.ipv4_mapped" title="ipaddress.IPv6Address.ipv4_mapped"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Address.ipv4_mapped</span></code></a>):</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_global</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">address</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ipv4_mapped</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_global</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_global</span></code> 具有与 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_private</span></code></a> 相反的值，除了对于共享的地址空间（即 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">100.64.0.0/10</span></code> 范围）来说它们均为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.4 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.8.20 版更改: </span>修复了一些错误的正值和错误的负值，请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_private</span></code></a> 了解详情。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_unspecified">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_unspecified</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_unspecified" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>当地址未指定时为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> 。 参见 <span class="target" id="index-25"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5735.html"><strong>RFC 5735</strong></a> (IPv4) 或 <span class="target" id="index-26"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2373.html"><strong>RFC 2373</strong></a> (IPv6).</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_reserved">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_reserved</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_reserved" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果该地址属于互联网工程任务组（IETF）所规定的其他保留地址，返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> 。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_loopback">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_loopback</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_loopback" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果该地址为一个回环地址，返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> 。关于回环地址，请见 <span class="target" id="index-27"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3330.html"><strong>RFC 3330</strong></a> （IPv4）和 <span class="target" id="index-28"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2373.html"><strong>RFC 2373</strong></a> （IPv6）。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_link_local">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_link_local</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_link_local" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果该地址被保留用于本地链接则为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。 参见 <span class="target" id="index-29"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3927.html"><strong>RFC 3927</strong></a>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="class">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address">
|
||
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">IPv6Address</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>构造一个 IPv6 地址。 如果 <em>address</em> 不是一个有效的 IPv6 地址，会抛出 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.AddressValueError" title="ipaddress.AddressValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AddressValueError</span></code></a> 。</p>
|
||
<p>以下是有效的 IPv6 地址：</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li><p>一个由八组四个16进制数字组成的字符串, 每组展示为16位. 以冒号分隔. 这可以描述为 <em>分解</em> (普通书写). 此字符可以被 <em>压缩</em> (速记书写) . 详见 <span class="target" id="index-30"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291.html"><strong>RFC 4291</strong></a> . 例如, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0abc:0007:0def"</span></code> 可以被精简为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"::abc:7:def"</span></code>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>适合 128 位的整数.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>一个打包在长度为 16 字节的大端序 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> 对象中的整数。</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv6Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2001:db8::1000'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv6Address('2001:db8::1000')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.compressed">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">compressed</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.compressed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>地址表示的简短形式，省略了组中的前导零，完全由零组成的最长的组序列被折叠成一个空组。</p>
|
||
<p>这也是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(addr)</span></code> 对IPv6地址返回的值。</p>
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.exploded">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">exploded</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.exploded" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>地址的长形式表示，包括所有前导零和完全由零组成的组。</p>
|
||
<p>For the following attributes, see the corresponding documentation of the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> class:</p>
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.packed">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">packed</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.packed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.reverse_pointer">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">reverse_pointer</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.reverse_pointer" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.version">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">version</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.version" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.max_prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">max_prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.max_prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_multicast">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_multicast</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_multicast" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_private">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_private</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_private" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_global">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_global</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_global" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_unspecified">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_unspecified</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_unspecified" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_reserved">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_reserved</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_reserved" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_loopback">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_loopback</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_loopback" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_link_local">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_link_local</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_link_local" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.4 新版功能: </span>is_global</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_site_local">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_site_local</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_site_local" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果地址被保留用于本地站点则为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。 请注意本地站点地址空间已被 <span class="target" id="index-31"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3879.html"><strong>RFC 3879</strong></a> 弃用。 请使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_private</span></code></a> 来检测此地址是否位于 <span class="target" id="index-32"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4193.html"><strong>RFC 4193</strong></a> 所定义的本地唯一地址空间中。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.ipv4_mapped">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">ipv4_mapped</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.ipv4_mapped" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>地址为映射的IPv4地址 (起始为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">::FFFF/96</span></code>), 此属性记录为嵌入IPv4地址. 其他的任何地址, 此属性为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.sixtofour">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">sixtofour</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.sixtofour" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>对于看起来是6to4的地址（以 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2002::/16``开头），如</span> <span class="pre">:RFC:`3056`</span> <span class="pre">所定义的，此属性将返回嵌入的IPv4地址。</span> <span class="pre">对于任何其他地址，该属性将是``None</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Address.teredo">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">teredo</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address.teredo" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>对于看起来是 <span class="target" id="index-33"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4380.html"><strong>RFC 4380</strong></a> 定义的Teredo地址（以 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001::/32</span></code> 开头）的地址，此属性将返回嵌入式IP地址对 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(server,</span> <span class="pre">client)</span></code>。 对于任何其他地址，该属性将是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="conversion-to-strings-and-integers">
|
||
<h3>转换字符串和整数<a class="headerlink" href="#conversion-to-strings-and-integers" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>与网络模块互操作像套接字模块, 地址必须转换为字符串或整数. 这是使用 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int()</span></code></a> 内置函数:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.0.1'</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'192.168.0.1'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.0.1'</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">3232235521</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv6Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'::1'</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'::1'</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv6Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'::1'</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">1</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="operators">
|
||
<h3>运算符<a class="headerlink" href="#operators" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>地址对象支持一些运算符。 除非另有说明，运算符只能在兼容对象之间应用（即IPv4与IPv4，IPv6与IPv6）。</p>
|
||
<section id="comparison-operators">
|
||
<h4>比较运算符<a class="headerlink" href="#comparison-operators" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>Address objects can be compared with the usual set of comparison operators. Some
|
||
examples:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'127.0.0.2'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'127.0.0.1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'127.0.0.2'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'127.0.0.1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">False</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'127.0.0.2'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'127.0.0.1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="arithmetic-operators">
|
||
<h4>算术运算符<a class="headerlink" href="#arithmetic-operators" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>整数可以被添加到地址对象或从地址对象中减去。 一些例子:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'127.0.0.2'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('127.0.0.5')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'127.0.0.2'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('126.255.255.255')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'255.255.255.255'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
|
||
File <span class="nb">"<stdin>"</span>, line <span class="m">1</span>, in <span class="n"><module></span>
|
||
<span class="gr">ipaddress.AddressValueError</span>: <span class="n">4294967296 (>= 2**32) is not permitted as an IPv4 address</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="ip-network-definitions">
|
||
<h2>IP网络的定义<a class="headerlink" href="#ip-network-definitions" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network" title="ipaddress.IPv6Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Network</span></code></a> 对象提供了一个定义和检查IP网络定义的机制。一个网络定义由一个 <em>掩码</em> 和一个 <em>网络地址</em> 组成，因此定义了一个IP地址的范围，当用掩码屏蔽（二进制AND）时，等于网络地址。 例如，一个带有掩码 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">255.255.255.0</span></code> 和网络地址 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.168.1.0</span></code> 的网络定义由包括 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.168.1.0</span></code> 到 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.168.1.255</span></code> 的IP地址组成。</p>
|
||
<section id="prefix-net-mask-and-host-mask">
|
||
<h3>前缀、网络掩码和主机掩码<a class="headerlink" href="#prefix-net-mask-and-host-mask" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>有几种相等的方法来指定IP网络掩码。 <em>前缀</em> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/<nbits></span></code> 是一个符号，表示在网络掩码中设置了多少个高阶位。 一个 <em>网络掩码</em> 是一个设置了一定数量高阶位的IP地址。 因此，前缀 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/24</span></code> 等同于IPv4中的网络掩码 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">255.255.255.0</span></code> 或IPv6中的网络掩码 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ffff:ff00::</span></code> 。 此外，<em>主机掩码</em> 是 <em>网络掩码</em> 的逻辑取反，有时被用来表示网络掩码（例如在Cisco访问控制列表中）。 在IPv4中，相当于主机掩码 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0.0.0.255</span></code> 的是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/24</span></code> 。</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="network-objects">
|
||
<h3>网络对象<a class="headerlink" href="#network-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>所有由地址对象实现的属性也由网络对象实现。 此外，网络对象还实现了额外的属性。所有这些在 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network" title="ipaddress.IPv6Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Network</span></code></a> 之间是共同的，所以为了避免重复，它们只在 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a> 中记录。网络对象是 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-hashable"><span class="xref std std-term">hashable</span></a>，所以它们可以作为字典中的键使用。</p>
|
||
<dl class="class">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network">
|
||
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">IPv4Network</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em>, <em class="sig-param">strict=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>构建一个 IPv4 网络定义。 <em>address</em> 可以是以下之一：</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic">
|
||
<li><p>一个由 IP 地址和可选掩码组成的字符串，用斜线 (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code>) 分开。 IP 地址是网络地址，掩码可以是一个单一的数字，这意味着它是一个 <em>前缀</em>，或者是一个 IPv4 地址的字符串表示。 如果是后者，如果掩码以非零字段开始，则被解释为 <em>网络掩码</em>，如果以零字段开始，则被解释为 <em>主机掩码</em>，唯一的例外是全零的掩码被视为 <em>网络掩码</em>。 如果没有提供掩码，它就被认为是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/32</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，以下的*地址*描述是等同的：<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.168.1.0/24</span></code>，<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0``和``192.168.1.0/0.0.0.255</span></code></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>一个可转化为32位的整数。 这相当于一个单地址的网络，网络地址是*address*，掩码是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/32</span></code>。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>一个整数被打包成一个长度为 4 的大端序 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> 对象。 其解释类似于一个整数 <em>address</em>。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>一个地址描述和一个网络掩码的双元组，其中地址描述是一个字符串，一个 32 位的整数，一个 4 字节的打包整数，或一个现有的 IPv4Address 对象；而网络掩码是一个代表前缀长度的整数 (例如 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">24</span></code>) 或一个代表前缀掩码的字符串 (例如 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">255.255.255.0</span></code>)。</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>如果 <em>address</em> 不是一个有效的 IPv4 地址则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.AddressValueError" title="ipaddress.AddressValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AddressValueError</span></code></a>。 如果掩码不是有效的 IPv4 地址则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.NetmaskValueError" title="ipaddress.NetmaskValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NetmaskValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<p>如果 <em>strict</em> 是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>，并且在提供的地址中设置了主机位，那么 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> 将被触发。 否则，主机位将被屏蔽掉，以确定适当的网络地址。</p>
|
||
<p>除非另有说明，如果参数的 IP 版本与 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">self</span></code> 不兼容，所有接受其他网络/地址对象的网络方法都将引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.5 版更改: </span>为*address*构造函数参数添加了双元组形式。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.version">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">version</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.version" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.max_prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">max_prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.max_prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>请参考 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> 中的相应属性文档。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_multicast">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_multicast</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_multicast" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_private">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_private</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_private" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_unspecified">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_unspecified</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_unspecified" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_reserved">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_reserved</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_reserved" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_loopback">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_loopback</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_loopback" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_link_local">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_link_local</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.is_link_local" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果这些属性对网络地址和广播地址都是True，那么它们对整个网络来说就是True。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.network_address">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">network_address</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.network_address" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>网络的网络地址。网络地址和前缀长度一起唯一地定义了一个网络。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.broadcast_address">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">broadcast_address</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.broadcast_address" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>网络的广播地址。发送到广播地址的数据包应该被网络上的每台主机所接收。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.hostmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">hostmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.hostmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>主机掩码，作为一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> 对象。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.netmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">netmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.netmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>网络掩码，作为一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> 对象。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.with_prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.with_prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.compressed">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">compressed</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.compressed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.exploded">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">exploded</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.exploded" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>网络的字符串表示，其中掩码为前缀符号。</p>
|
||
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with_prefixlen</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compressed</span></code> 总是与 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(network)</span></code> 相同，<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exploded</span></code> 使用分解形式的网络地址。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.with_netmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_netmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.with_netmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>网络的字符串表示，掩码用网络掩码符号表示。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.with_hostmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_hostmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.with_hostmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>网络的字符串表示，其中的掩码为主机掩码符号。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.num_addresses">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">num_addresses</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.num_addresses" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>网络中的地址总数。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>网络前缀的长度，以比特为单位。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.hosts">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">hosts</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.hosts" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回一个网络中可用主机的迭代器。 可用的主机是属于该网络的所有IP地址，除了网络地址本身和网络广播地址。 对于掩码长度为31的网络，网络地址和网络广播地址也包括在结果中。掩码为32的网络将返回一个包含单一主机地址的列表。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/29'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hosts</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Address('192.0.2.1'), IPv4Address('192.0.2.2'),</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> IPv4Address('192.0.2.3'), IPv4Address('192.0.2.4'),</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> IPv4Address('192.0.2.5'), IPv4Address('192.0.2.6')]</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/31'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hosts</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Address('192.0.2.0'), IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')]</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.1/32'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hosts</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.overlaps">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">overlaps</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.overlaps" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果这个网络部分或全部包含在*other*中，或者*other*全部包含在这个网络中，则为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.address_exclude">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">address_exclude</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">network</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.address_exclude" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>计算从这个网络中移除给定的 <em>network</em> 后产生的网络定义。 返回一个网络对象的迭代器。 如果 <em>network</em> 不完全包含在这个网络中则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">n1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/28'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">n2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.1/32'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">address_exclude</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Network('192.0.2.8/29'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.4/30'),</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> IPv4Network('192.0.2.2/31'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/32')]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.subnets">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">subnets</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">prefixlen_diff=1</em>, <em class="sig-param">new_prefix=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.subnets" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>根据参数值，加入的子网构成当前的网络定义。 <em>prefixlen_diff</em> 是我们的前缀长度应该增加的数量。 <em>new_prefix</em> 是所需的子网的新前缀；它必须大于我们的前缀。 必须设置 <em>prefixlen_diff</em> 和 <em>new_prefix</em> 中的一个，且只有一个。 返回一个网络对象的迭代器。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subnets</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/25'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/25')]</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subnets</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefixlen_diff</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/26'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.64/26'),</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/26'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.192/26')]</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subnets</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/26'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.64/26'),</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/26'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.192/26')]</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subnets</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
|
||
File <span class="nb">"<stdin>"</span>, line <span class="m">1</span>, in <span class="n"><module></span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'new prefix must be longer'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gr">ValueError</span>: <span class="n">new prefix must be longer</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subnets</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/25'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/25')]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.supernet">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">supernet</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">prefixlen_diff=1</em>, <em class="sig-param">new_prefix=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.supernet" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>包含这个网络定义的超级网，取决于参数值。 <em>prefixlen_diff</em> 是我们的前缀长度应该减少的数量。 <em>new_prefix</em> 是超级网的新前缀；它必须比我们的前缀小。 必须设置 <em>prefixlen_diff</em> 和 <em>new_prefix</em> 中的一个，而且只有一个。 返回一个单一的网络对象。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">supernet</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/23')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">supernet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prefixlen_diff</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Network('192.0.0.0/22')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">supernet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Network('192.0.0.0/20')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.subnet_of">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">subnet_of</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.subnet_of" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果这个网络是*other*的子网，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.128/30'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subnet_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.7 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.supernet_of">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">supernet_of</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.supernet_of" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果这个网络是*other*的超网，则返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.1.128/30'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">supernet_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.7 新版功能.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Network.compare_networks">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">compare_networks</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.compare_networks" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>将这个网络与*ohter*网络进行比较。 在这个比较中，只考虑网络地址；不考虑主机位。 返回是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> 、 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0``或``1</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.1/32'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compare_networks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.2/32'</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">-1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.1/32'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compare_networks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/32'</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">1</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.1/32'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compare_networks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip_network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.1/32'</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="go">0</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="deprecated">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">3.7 版后已移除: </span>它使用与"<"、"=="和">"相同的排序和比较算法。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="class">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network">
|
||
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">IPv6Network</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em>, <em class="sig-param">strict=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>构建一个 IPv6 网络定义。 <em>address</em> 可以是以下之一：</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic">
|
||
<li><p>一个由IP地址和可选前缀长度组成的字符串，用斜线（ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code>）分开。 IP地址是网络地址，前缀长度必须是一个数字，即*prefix*。 如果没有提供前缀长度，就认为是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/128</span></code>。</p>
|
||
<p>请注意，目前不支持扩展的网络掩码。 这意味着 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001:db00::0/24</span></code> 是一个有效的参数，而 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001:db00::0/ffff:ff00::</span></code> 不是。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>一个适合128位的整数。 这相当于一个单地址网络，网络地址是*address*，掩码是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/128</span></code>。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>一个整数被打包成一个长度为 16 的大端序 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> 对象。 其解释类似于一个整数的 <em>address</em>。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>一个地址描述和一个网络掩码的双元组，其中地址描述是一个字符串，一个 128 位的整数，一个 16 字节的打包整数，或者一个现有的 IPv6Address 对象；而网络掩码是一个代表前缀长度的整数。</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>如果 <em>address</em> 不是一个有效的 IPv6 地址则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.AddressValueError" title="ipaddress.AddressValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AddressValueError</span></code></a>。 如果掩码对 IPv6 地址无效则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.NetmaskValueError" title="ipaddress.NetmaskValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NetmaskValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<p>如果 <em>strict</em> 是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>，并且在提供的地址中设置了主机位，那么 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> 将被触发。 否则，主机位将被屏蔽掉，以确定适当的网络地址。</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.5 版更改: </span>为*address*构造函数参数添加了双元组形式。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.version">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">version</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.version" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.max_prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">max_prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.max_prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_multicast">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_multicast</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_multicast" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_private">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_private</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_private" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_unspecified">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_unspecified</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_unspecified" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_reserved">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_reserved</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_reserved" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_loopback">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_loopback</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_loopback" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_link_local">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_link_local</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_link_local" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.network_address">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">network_address</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.network_address" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.broadcast_address">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">broadcast_address</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.broadcast_address" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.hostmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">hostmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.hostmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.netmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">netmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.netmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.with_prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.with_prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.compressed">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">compressed</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.compressed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.exploded">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">exploded</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.exploded" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.with_netmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_netmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.with_netmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.with_hostmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_hostmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.with_hostmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.num_addresses">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">num_addresses</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.num_addresses" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.hosts">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">hosts</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.hosts" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回一个网络中可用主机的迭代器。 可用的主机是属于该网络的所有IP地址，除了Subnet-Router任播的地址。 对于掩码长度为127的网络，子网-路由器任播地址也包括在结果中。掩码为128的网络将返回一个包含单一主机地址的列表。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.overlaps">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">overlaps</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.overlaps" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.address_exclude">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">address_exclude</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">network</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.address_exclude" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.subnets">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">subnets</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">prefixlen_diff=1</em>, <em class="sig-param">new_prefix=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.subnets" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.supernet">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">supernet</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">prefixlen_diff=1</em>, <em class="sig-param">new_prefix=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.supernet" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.subnet_of">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">subnet_of</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.subnet_of" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.supernet_of">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">supernet_of</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.supernet_of" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="method">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.compare_networks">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">compare_networks</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">other</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.compare_networks" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>请参考 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a> 中的相应属性文档。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_site_local">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">is_site_local</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network.is_site_local" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>如果这些属性对网络地址和广播地址都是True，那么对整个网络来说就是True。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="id1">
|
||
<h3>运算符<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>网络对象支持一些运算符。 除非另有说明，运算符只能在兼容的对象之间应用（例如，IPv4与IPv4，IPv6与IPv6）。</p>
|
||
<section id="logical-operators">
|
||
<h4>逻辑运算符<a class="headerlink" href="#logical-operators" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>网络对象可以用常规的逻辑运算符集进行比较。网络对象首先按网络地址排序，然后按网络掩码排序。</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="iteration">
|
||
<h4>迭代<a class="headerlink" href="#iteration" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>网络对象可以被迭代，以列出属于该网络的所有地址。 对于迭代，<em>所有</em> 主机都会被返回，包括不可用的主机（对于可用的主机，使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network.hosts" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network.hosts"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hosts()</span></code></a> 方法）。 一个例子:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">addr</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">IPv4Network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/28'</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">addr</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">...</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.0')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.2')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.3')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.4')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.5')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.6')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.7')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.8')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.9')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.10')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.11')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.12')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.13')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.14')</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.15')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="networks-as-containers-of-addresses">
|
||
<h4>作为地址容器的网络<a class="headerlink" href="#networks-as-containers-of-addresses" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>网络对象可以作为地址的容器。 一些例子:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/28'</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.0')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/28'</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.15')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.6'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">IPv4Network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/28'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">True</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.3.6'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">IPv4Network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/28'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">False</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="interface-objects">
|
||
<h2>接口对象<a class="headerlink" href="#interface-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>接口对象是 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-hashable"><span class="xref std std-term">hashable</span></a> 的，所以它们可以作为字典中的键使用。</p>
|
||
<dl class="class">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Interface">
|
||
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">IPv4Interface</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Interface" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>构建一个 IPv4 接口。 <em>address</em> 的含义与 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a> 构造器中的一样，不同之处在于任意主机地址总是会被接受。</p>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Interface" title="ipaddress.IPv4Interface"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Interface</span></code></a> 是 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> 的一个子类，所以它继承了该类的所有属性。 此外，还有以下属性可用：</p>
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Interface.ip">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">ip</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Interface.ip" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>地址（<a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a>）没有网络信息。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IPv4Interface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.5')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Interface.network">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">network</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Interface.network" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>该接口所属的网络（<a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a>）。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IPv4Interface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">network</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Interface.with_prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Interface.with_prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>用前缀符号表示的接口与掩码的字符串。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IPv4Interface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">with_prefixlen</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'192.0.2.5/24'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Interface.with_netmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_netmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Interface.with_netmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>带有网络的接口的网络掩码字符串表示。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IPv4Interface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">with_netmask</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'192.0.2.5/255.255.255.0'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv4Interface.with_hostmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_hostmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Interface.with_hostmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>带有网络的接口的主机掩码字符串表示。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IPv4Interface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.5/24'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">with_hostmask</span>
|
||
<span class="go">'192.0.2.5/0.0.0.255'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="class">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Interface">
|
||
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">IPv6Interface</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Interface" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>构建一个 IPv6 接口。 <em>address</em> 的含义与 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network" title="ipaddress.IPv6Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Network</span></code></a> 构造器中的一样，不同之处在于任意主机地址总是会被接受。</p>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Interface" title="ipaddress.IPv6Interface"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Interface</span></code></a> 是 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address" title="ipaddress.IPv6Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Address</span></code></a> 的一个子类，所以它继承了该类的所有属性。 此外，还有以下属性可用：</p>
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Interface.ip">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">ip</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Interface.ip" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Interface.network">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">network</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Interface.network" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Interface.with_prefixlen">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_prefixlen</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Interface.with_prefixlen" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Interface.with_netmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_netmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Interface.with_netmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="attribute">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.IPv6Interface.with_hostmask">
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">with_hostmask</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Interface.with_hostmask" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>请参考 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Interface" title="ipaddress.IPv4Interface"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Interface</span></code></a> 中的相应属性文档。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<section id="id2">
|
||
<h3>运算符<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>接口对象支持一些运算符。 除非另有说明，运算符只能在兼容的对象之间应用（即IPv4与IPv4，IPv6与IPv6）。</p>
|
||
<section id="id3">
|
||
<h4>逻辑运算符<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>接口对象可以用通常的逻辑运算符集进行比较。</p>
|
||
<p>对于相等比较（<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">==</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">!=</span></code>），IP地址和网络都必须是相同的对象才会相等。 一个接口不会与任何地址或网络对象相等。</p>
|
||
<p>对于排序 (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><</span></code>、<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">></span></code> 等)，规则是不同的。 具有相同 IP 版本的接口和地址对象可以被比较，而地址对象总是在接口对象之前排序。 两个接口对象首先通过它们的网络进行比较，如果它们是相同的，则通过它们的 IP 地址进行比较。</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="other-module-level-functions">
|
||
<h2>其他模块级别函数<a class="headerlink" href="#other-module-level-functions" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>该模块还提供以下模块级函数：</p>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.v4_int_to_packed">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">v4_int_to_packed</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.v4_int_to_packed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>以网络（大端序）顺序将一个地址表示为 4 个打包的字节。<em>address</em> 是一个 IPv4 IP 地址的整数表示。 如果整数是负数或太大而不满足 IPv4 IP 地址要求，会触发一个 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3221225985</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v4_int_to_packed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3221225985</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">b'\xc0\x00\x02\x01'</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.v6_int_to_packed">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">v6_int_to_packed</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.v6_int_to_packed" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>以网络（大端序）顺序将一个地址表示为 4 个打包的字节。<em>address</em> 是一个IPv6 IP地址的整数表示。 如果整数是负数或太大而不满足 IPv6 IP 地址要求，会触发一个 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.summarize_address_range">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">summarize_address_range</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">first</em>, <em class="sig-param">last</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.summarize_address_range" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>给出第一个和最后一个 IP 地址，返回总结的网络范围的迭代器。 <em>first</em> 是范围内的第一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address" title="ipaddress.IPv6Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Address</span></code></a>，<em>last</em> 是范围内的最后一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Address" title="ipaddress.IPv4Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Address</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Address" title="ipaddress.IPv6Address"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Address</span></code></a>。 如果 <em>first</em> 或 <em>last</em> 不是IP地址或不是同一版本则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>。 如果 <em>last</em> 不大于 <em>first</em>，或者 <em>first</em> 的地址版本不是 4 或 6 则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ipaddr</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ipaddr</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">summarize_address_range</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0'</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.130'</span><span class="p">))]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/25'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/31'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.130/32')]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.collapse_addresses">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">collapse_addresses</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">addresses</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.collapse_addresses" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network" title="ipaddress.IPv6Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Network</span></code></a> 对象的迭代器。 <em>addresses</em> 是一个 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv4Network" title="ipaddress.IPv4Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv4Network</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddress.IPv6Network" title="ipaddress.IPv6Network"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPv6Network</span></code></a> 对象的迭代器。 如果 <em>addresses</em> 包含混合版本的对象则会引发 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>。</p>
|
||
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ipaddr</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ipaddr</span> <span class="ow">in</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collapse_addresses</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv4Network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/25'</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IPv4Network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.128/25'</span><span class="p">)])]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')]</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.get_mixed_type_key">
|
||
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">get_mixed_type_key</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">obj</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.get_mixed_type_key" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>返回一个适合在网络和地址之间进行排序的键。 地址和网络对象在默认情况下是不可排序的；它们在本质上是不同的，所以表达式:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">IPv4Address</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">IPv4Network</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'192.0.2.0/24'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>是没有意义的。 然而，有些时候，你可能希望让 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ipaddress" title="ipaddress: IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipaddress</span></code></a> 对这些进行排序。 如果你需要这样做，你可以使用这个函数作为 <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#sorted" title="sorted"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sorted()</span></code></a> 的 <em>key</em> 参数。</p>
|
||
<p><em>obj</em> 是一个网络或地址对象。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="custom-exceptions">
|
||
<h2>自定义异常<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-exceptions" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>为了支持来自类构造函数的更具体的错误报告，模块定义了以下异常：</p>
|
||
<dl class="exception">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.AddressValueError">
|
||
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">AddressValueError</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">ValueError</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.AddressValueError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>与地址有关的任何数值错误。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="exception">
|
||
<dt id="ipaddress.NetmaskValueError">
|
||
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">ipaddress.</code><code class="sig-name descname">NetmaskValueError</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">ValueError</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress.NetmaskValueError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>与网络掩码有关的任何数值错误。</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
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<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">目录</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipaddress</span></code> --- IPv4/IPv6 操作库</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#convenience-factory-functions">方便的工厂函数</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ip-addresses">IP 地址</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#address-objects">地址对象</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conversion-to-strings-and-integers">转换字符串和整数</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#operators">运算符</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#comparison-operators">比较运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#arithmetic-operators">算术运算符</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ip-network-definitions">IP网络的定义</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#prefix-net-mask-and-host-mask">前缀、网络掩码和主机掩码</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#network-objects">网络对象</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">运算符</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#logical-operators">逻辑运算符</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#iteration">迭代</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#networks-as-containers-of-addresses">作为地址容器的网络</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#interface-objects">接口对象</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">运算符</a><ul>
|
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id3">逻辑运算符</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#other-module-level-functions">其他模块级别函数</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#custom-exceptions">自定义异常</a></li>
|
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最后更新于 12月 09, 2024.
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