512 lines
34 KiB
HTML
512 lines
34 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>标准库头文件 <cstdlib></title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_header_cstdlib skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">标准库头文件</span> <cstdlib></h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-header.html">header</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<p>此头文件原作为 <code><b><stdlib.h></b></code> 存在于 C 标准库。</p>
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<p>此头文件提供杂项工具。此处所定义的各个符号为多个标准库组件所用。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">类型</span></h3>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-math-div.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>div_t</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>结构体类型,<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-div.html"><span class="kw1303">std::<span class="me2">div</span></span></a></span></span> 函数的返回值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-math-div.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ldiv_t</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>结构体类型,<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-div.html"><span class="kw1304">std::<span class="me2">ldiv</span></span></a></span></span> 函数的返回值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-math-div.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>lldiv_t</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>结构体类型,<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-numeric-math-div.html"><span class="kw1305">std::<span class="me2">lldiv</span></span></a></span></span> 函数的返回值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-types-size_t.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>size_t</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><a href="cpp-language-sizeof.html"><tt>sizeof</tt></a> 运算符返回的无符号整数类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AE.8F.E5.B8.B8.E9.87.8F">宏常量</span></h3>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-EXIT_status.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>EXIT_SUCCESS</span><span>EXIT_FAILURE</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指示程序执行的执行状态<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>MB_CUR_MAX</span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>当前本地环境中多字节字符的最大字节数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-types-NULL.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>NULL</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>实现定义的空指针常量<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-RAND_MAX.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>RAND_MAX</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-numeric-random-rand.html">std::rand</a></span> 生成的最大可能值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(宏常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">函数</span></h3>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B.E6.8E.A7.E5.88.B6">进程控制</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-abort.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>abort</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>导致非正常的程序终止(不进行清理)<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>exit</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>导致正常的程序终止并进行清理<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-quick_exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>quick_exit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>导致快速程序终止,不进行完全的清理<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-_Exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>_Exit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>导致正常的程序终止,不进行清理<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atexit</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>注册将于调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-exit.html">std::exit()</a></span> 时被调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-at_quick_exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>at_quick_exit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>注册将于调用 <a href="cpp-utility-program-quick_exit.html"><tt>quick_exit</tt></a> 时被调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-system.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>system</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>调用宿主环境的命令处理器<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-getenv.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>getenv</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>访问环境变量列表<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E7.AE.A1.E7.90.86">内存管理</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-c-malloc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>malloc</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>分配内存<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-c-aligned_alloc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>aligned_alloc</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>分配对齐的内存<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-c-calloc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>calloc</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>分配并清零内存<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-c-realloc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>realloc</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>扩张或收缩之前分配的内存块<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-memory-c-free.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>free</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>解分配之前分配的内存<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.95.B0.E5.80.BC.E5.AD.97.E7.AC.A6.E4.B8.B2.E8.BD.AC.E6.8D.A2">数值字符串转换</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-byte-atof.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atof</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>转换字节字符串为浮点值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-byte-atoi.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atoi</span><span>atol</span><span>atoll</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>转换字节字符串为整数值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-byte-strtol.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>strtol</span><span>strtoll</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>转换字节字符串为整数值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-byte-strtoul.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>strtoul</span><span>strtoull</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>转换字节字符串为无符号整数值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-byte-strtof.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>strtof</span><span>strtod</span><span>strtold</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>转换字节字符串为浮点值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AE.BD.E5.AD.97.E7.AC.A6.E4.B8.B2.E6.93.8D.E7.BA.B5">宽字符串操纵</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-multibyte-mblen.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>mblen</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回下一个多字节字符中的字节数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-multibyte-mbtowc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>mbtowc</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将下一个多字节字符转换成宽字符<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-multibyte-wctomb.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>wctomb</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>转换宽字符为其多字节表示<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-multibyte-mbstowcs.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>mbstowcs</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>转换窄多字节字符串为宽字符串<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-multibyte-wcstombs.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>wcstombs</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>转换宽字符串为窄多字节字符串<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.9D.82.E9.A1.B9.E7.AE.97.E6.B3.95.E4.B8.8E.E6.95.B0.E5.AD.A6">杂项算法与数学</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-rand.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>rand</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>生成伪随机数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-numeric-random-srand.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>srand</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>初始化伪随机数生成器<br />
|
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-qsort.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>qsort</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
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<td>对未指定类型的元素的一个范围进行排序<br />
|
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-bsearch.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>bsearch</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>在未指定类型的数组中搜索元素<br />
|
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-math-abs.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>abs<span class="t-dsc-small">(int)</span></span><span>labs</span><span>llabs</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算整数值的绝对值( <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\(\small{|x|}\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">|x|</span> )<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-numeric-math-div.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>div<span class="t-dsc-small">(int)</span></span><span>ldiv</span><span>lldiv</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>计算整数除法的商和余数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81">概要</span></h3>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">namespace</span> std <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">using</span> size_t <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="coMULTI">/* 见描述 */</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">using</span> div_t <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="coMULTI">/* 见描述 */</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">using</span> ldiv_t <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="coMULTI">/* 见描述 */</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">using</span> lldiv_t <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="coMULTI">/* 见描述 */</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="co2">#define NULL /* 见描述 */</span>
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<span class="co2">#define EXIT_FAILURE /* 见描述 */</span>
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<span class="co2">#define EXIT_SUCCESS /* 见描述 */</span>
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<span class="co2">#define RAND_MAX /* 见描述 */</span>
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<span class="co2">#define MB_CUR_MAX /* 见描述 */</span>
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<span class="kw1">namespace</span> std <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="co1">// 仅用于阐释的函数类型别名</span>
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<span class="kw4">extern</span> <span class="st0">"C"</span> <span class="kw1">using</span> <span class="coMULTI">/*c-atexit-handler*/</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 仅用于阐释</span>
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<span class="kw4">extern</span> <span class="st0">"C++"</span> <span class="kw1">using</span> <span class="coMULTI">/*atexit-handler*/</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 仅用于阐释</span>
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<span class="kw4">extern</span> <span class="st0">"C"</span> <span class="kw1">using</span> <span class="coMULTI">/*c-compare-pred*/</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span>, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 仅用于阐释</span>
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<span class="kw4">extern</span> <span class="st0">"C++"</span> <span class="kw1">using</span> <span class="coMULTI">/*compare-pred*/</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw4">int</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span>, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 仅用于阐释</span>
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<span class="co1">// 启动与终止</span>
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<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">[</span>noreturn<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> abort<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> atexit<span class="br0">(</span><span class="coMULTI">/*c-atexit-handler*/</span><span class="sy2">*</span> func<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> atexit<span class="br0">(</span><span class="coMULTI">/*atexit-handler*/</span><span class="sy2">*</span> func<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> at_quick_exit<span class="br0">(</span><span class="coMULTI">/*c-atexit-handler*/</span><span class="sy2">*</span> func<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> at_quick_exit<span class="br0">(</span><span class="coMULTI">/*atexit-handler*/</span><span class="sy2">*</span> func<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">[</span>noreturn<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> exit<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> status<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">[</span>noreturn<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> _Exit<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> status<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">[</span>noreturn<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> quick_exit<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> status<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> getenv<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> name<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> system<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> string<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// C 库内存分配</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> aligned_alloc<span class="br0">(</span>size_t alignment, size_t size<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> calloc<span class="br0">(</span>size_t nmemb, size_t size<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> free<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> ptr<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> malloc<span class="br0">(</span>size_t size<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> realloc<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> ptr, size_t size<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">double</span> atof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> atoi<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> atol<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> atoll<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">double</span> strtod<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr, <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">**</span> endptr<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">float</span> strtof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr, <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">**</span> endptr<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> strtold<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr, <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">**</span> endptr<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> strtol<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr, <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">**</span> endptr, <span class="kw4">int</span> base<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> strtoll<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr, <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">**</span> endptr, <span class="kw4">int</span> base<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> strtoul<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr, <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">**</span> endptr, <span class="kw4">int</span> base<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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|
<span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> strtoull<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> nptr, <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">**</span> endptr, <span class="kw4">int</span> base<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 多字节/宽字符串及字符转换函数</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> mblen<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> s, size_t n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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|
<span class="kw4">int</span> mbtowc<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy2">*</span> pwc, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> s, size_t n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> wctomb<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> s, <span class="kw4">wchar_t</span> wchar<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
size_t mbstowcs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy2">*</span> pwcs, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> s, size_t n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
size_t wcstombs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> s, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy2">*</span> pwcs, size_t n<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
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|
<span class="co1">// C 标准库算法</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> bsearch<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> key, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
|
|
<span class="coMULTI">/*c-compare-pred*/</span><span class="sy2">*</span> compar<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> bsearch<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> key, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
|
|
<span class="coMULTI">/*compare-pred*/</span><span class="sy2">*</span> compar<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">void</span> qsort<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, <span class="coMULTI">/*c-compare-pred*/</span><span class="sy2">*</span> compar<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">void</span> qsort<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span> base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, <span class="coMULTI">/*compare-pred*/</span><span class="sy2">*</span> compar<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// 低质量随机数生成</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> rand<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">void</span> srand<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> seed<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// 绝对值</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> abs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> j<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> abs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> j<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> abs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> j<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">float</span> abs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">float</span> j<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">double</span> abs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">double</span> j<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> abs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> j<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> labs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> j<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> llabs<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> j<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
div_t div<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> numer, <span class="kw4">int</span> denom<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
ldiv_t div<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> numer, <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> denom<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
lldiv_t div<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> numer, <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> denom<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
ldiv_t ldiv<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> numer, <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> denom<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
lldiv_t lldiv<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> numer, <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> denom<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="cpp-utility-program.html">程序支持工具</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="cpp-numeric-random.html">伪随机数生成</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="cpp-numeric-math.html">常用数学函数</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="cpp-memory-c.html">C 内存管理库</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="cpp-string-byte.html">空终止字节字符串</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="cpp-string-multibyte.html">空终止多字节字符串</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="cpp-algorithm.html">算法库</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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