375 lines
26 KiB
HTML
375 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::locale</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_locale_locale skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>locale</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-locale.html">locale</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-locale.html"><locale></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl">
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">class</span> locale<span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td></td>
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<p><code>std::locale</code> 类型对象是不可变平面的不可变索引集。 C++ 输入/输出库的每个流对象与一个 <code>std::locale</code> 对象关联，并用其平面分析及格式化所有数据。另外， locale 对象与每个 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html">std::basic_regex</a></span> 对象关联。 locale 对象亦可在标准容器和算法中用作进行字符串对照的谓词，而且能被直接访问，以获得或修改其所保有的平面。</p>
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<p>C++ 程序中构造的每个 locale 至少保有下列标准平面，但程序可以定义额外特化，或全新的平面，并将它们添加到任何既存的 locale 对象。</p>
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<table class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.85em">
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<th colspan="2">受支持平面</th>
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</tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-collate.html"><span class="kw1942">std::<span class="me2">collate</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-collate.html"><span class="kw1942">std::<span class="me2">collate</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-ctype.html"><span class="kw1937">std::<span class="me2">ctype</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-ctype.html"><span class="kw1937">std::<span class="me2">ctype</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-codecvt.html"><span class="kw1938">std::<span class="me2">codecvt</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span>,<span class="kw4">char</span>,mbstate_t<span class="sy1">></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-codecvt.html"><span class="kw1938">std::<span class="me2">codecvt</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char16_t</span>,<span class="kw4">char</span>,mbstate_t<span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-codecvt.html"><span class="kw1938">std::<span class="me2">codecvt</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char32_t</span>,<span class="kw4">char</span>,mbstate_t<span class="sy1">></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-codecvt.html"><span class="kw1938">std::<span class="me2">codecvt</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span>,<span class="kw4">char</span>,mbstate_t<span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-moneypunct.html"><span class="kw1971">std::<span class="me2">moneypunct</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-moneypunct.html"><span class="kw1971">std::<span class="me2">moneypunct</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span>,<span class="kw2">true</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-moneypunct.html"><span class="kw1971">std::<span class="me2">moneypunct</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-moneypunct.html"><span class="kw1971">std::<span class="me2">moneypunct</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span>,<span class="kw2">true</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-money_get.html"><span class="kw1963">std::<span class="me2">money_get</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-money_get.html"><span class="kw1963">std::<span class="me2">money_get</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-money_put.html"><span class="kw1967">std::<span class="me2">money_put</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-money_put.html"><span class="kw1967">std::<span class="me2">money_put</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-numpunct.html"><span class="kw1960">std::<span class="me2">numpunct</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-numpunct.html"><span class="kw1960">std::<span class="me2">numpunct</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-num_get.html"><span class="kw1954">std::<span class="me2">num_get</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-num_get.html"><span class="kw1954">std::<span class="me2">num_get</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-num_put.html"><span class="kw1957">std::<span class="me2">num_put</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-num_put.html"><span class="kw1957">std::<span class="me2">num_put</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-time_get.html"><span class="kw1948">std::<span class="me2">time_get</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-time_get.html"><span class="kw1948">std::<span class="me2">time_get</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-time_put.html"><span class="kw1951">std::<span class="me2">time_put</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-time_put.html"><span class="kw1951">std::<span class="me2">time_put</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-messages.html"><span class="kw1945">std::<span class="me2">messages</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-locale-messages.html"><span class="kw1945">std::<span class="me2">messages</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<p>在内部， locale 对象实现为如同它是一个指向（以 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-locale-locale-id.html">std::locale::id</a></span> 索引的）的数组的引用计数指针，数组元素为指向平面的引用计数指针：复制 locale 只复制一个指针，并增加几个引用计数。为维护标准 C++ 库线程安全保证（不同对象上的操作始终为线程安全）， locale 引用计数和每个平面的引用计数都以线程安全方式更新，类似 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-shared_ptr.html">std::shared_ptr</a></span> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">成员类型</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-id.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>id</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>平面索引类型：每个平面类必须声明或继承此类型的公开静态成员<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-facet.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>facet</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>所有平面分类的分类：任何分类的每个 facet 都从此类型导出<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>category</span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1">成员对象</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>none</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指示无平面类别的 <code>category</code> 类型零值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>collate</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><code>category</code> 类型位掩码值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>ctype</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><code>category</code> 类型位掩码值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>monetary</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><code>category</code> 类型位掩码值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>numeric</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><code>category</code> 类型位掩码值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>time</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><code>category</code> 类型位掩码值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>messages</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><code>category</code> 类型位掩码值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span>all</span></span></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">collate <span class="sy3">|</span> ctype <span class="sy3">|</span> monetary <span class="sy3">|</span> numeric <span class="sy3">|</span> time <span class="sy3">|</span> messages</span></span><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员常量)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-locale.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>构造新的 locale<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-~locale.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>析构 locale 和其引用计数变为零的平面<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-operator=.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator=</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>替换 locale<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-combine.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>combine</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>以复制自另一 locale 的编译时鉴别的平面构造 locale<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-name.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>name</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回 locale 的名称，或若它无名则为 "*"<br />
|
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-operator_cmp.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator==</span><span>operator!=</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
|
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<td>locale 对象之间的相等性比较<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
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|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-operator().html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div>
|
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</div>
|
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</td>
|
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<td>用此 locale 的 collate 刻面以字典序比较两个字符串<br />
|
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-global.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>global</span></span></a></div>
|
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
|
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</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>更改全局本地环境<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-classic.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>classic</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>获得到 "C" 本地环境的引用<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="t-example">
|
|
<p>演示本地环境影响的程序（跨平台）的典型前文</p>
|
|
<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="cpp source-cpp">
|
|
<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <locale></span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"User-preferred locale setting is "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">locale</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">""</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">name</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>.<span class="me1">c_str</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="co1">// 在启动时，全局本地环境是 "C" 本地环境</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="nu16">1000.01</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="co1">// 以用户偏好的本地环境替换 C++ 本地环境和 C 本地环境</span>
|
|
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">locale</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">global</span><span class="br0">(</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">locale</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">""</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="co1">// 将来的宽字符输出使用新的全局本地环境</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a>.<span class="me1">imbue</span><span class="br0">(</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">locale</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="co1">// 再次输出同一数字</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="nu16">1000.01</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>可能的输出：</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">User-preferred locale setting is en_US.UTF8
|
|
1000.01
|
|
1,000.01</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-locale-use_facet.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>use_facet</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>从本地环境获得一个刻面<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-locale-has_facet.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>has_facet</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>检查本地环境是否实现特定的刻面<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-imbue.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>imbue</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>设置本地环境<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::ios_base</code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-io-ios_base-getloc.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>getloc</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回当前本地环境<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::ios_base</code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|