208 lines
18 KiB
HTML
208 lines
18 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>std::exit</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_utility_program_exit skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>exit</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-utility.html">utility</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-utility-program.html">program</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-cstdlib.html"><cstdlib></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev">
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<tr class="t-dcl t-until-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> exit<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> exit_code <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">[</span>noreturn<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> exit<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> exit_code <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>导致正常程序终止发生。</p>
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<p>进行一些清理步骤：</p>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 以其<a href="cpp-language-initialization.html#.E5.8A.A8.E6.80.81.E5.88.9D.E5.A7.8B.E5.8C.96">动态初始化</a>完成或构造函数完成的逆序，调用拥有静态存储期的对象的析构函数，并以注册的逆序（从尾到首）调用传递给 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> 的函数。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">a)</span> 任何静态对象，之初始化完成先于 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> 对某函数 F 调用者，将于程序终止期间后于 F 的调用销毁。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">b)</span> 任何静态对象，之初始化开始后于 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> 对某函数 F 调用者，将于程序终止期间先于 F 的调用销毁（这包含从该静态对象的构造函数调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> 的情况）。</div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11">
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 拥有关联到当前线程的线程局域<a href="cpp-language-storage_duration.html">存储期</a>的对象的析构函数、拥有静态存储期的对象的析构函数及以 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> 注册的函数并发执行，同时保持下列保证：</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">a)</span> 线程局域对象的最末析构函数<a href="cpp-language-eval_order.html">先序于</a>静态对象的首个析构函数。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">b)</span> 若线程局域或静态对象 A 的构造函数或<a href="cpp-language-initialization.html#.E5.8A.A8.E6.80.81.E5.88.9D.E5.A7.8B.E5.8C.96">动态初始化</a>完成先序于线程局域或静态对象 B ，则 B 的析构完成先序于 A 的析构开始。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">c)</span> 若静态对象 A 的初始化完成先序于 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> 对某函数 F 的调用，则在终止期间到 F 的调用先序于 A 的析构开始。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">d)</span> 若 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> 对某函数 F 的调用先序于静态对象 A 的初始化完成，则终止期间 A 的析构开始先序于 F 的调用。</div>
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<div class="t-li2"><span class="t-li">e)</span> 若 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> 对某函数 F1 的调用先序于 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit</a></span> 对某函数 F2 的调用，则终止期间 F2 的调用先序于 F1 的调用。</div>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>以上内容中，</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>若任何以 <code>atexit</code> 注册的函数或任何静态/线程局域对象的析构函数抛出异常，则调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html">std::terminate</a></span> 。</li>
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<li>若编译器将对象动态初始化提升到<a href="cpp-language-initialization.html">非局部初始化</a>的静态初始化阶段，则析构顺序忠实于其本应有的动态初始化。</li>
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<li>若函数局域（块作用域）静态对象被销毁，然后该函数从另一静态对象被调用，且控制流经过该对象的定义（或若它被间接使用，则是经过指针或引用），则行为未定义。</li>
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<li>若函数局域（块作用域）静态对象在对象或数组的构造期间初始化，则仅在销毁该类的所有子对象或该数组的所有元素后才销毁它。</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 冲入并关闭所有 C 流</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 移除 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-io-c-tmpfile.html">std::tmpfile</a></span> 所创建的文件</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> 将控制返回给宿主环境。若 <code>exit_code</code> 为 <span class="t-lc">0</span> 或 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-EXIT_status.html">EXIT_SUCCESS</a></span> ，则返回实现定义的指示成功终止的状态。若 <code>exit_code</code> 为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-EXIT_status.html">EXIT_FAILURE</a></span> ，则返回实现定义的指示不成功终止的状态。任何其他情况下返回实现定义的状态值。</div>
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<p>不回溯栈：不调用拥有自动<a href="cpp-language-storage_duration.html">存储期</a>变量的析构函数。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E4.B8.8E_main_.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB">与 main 函数的关系</span></h3>
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<p>从 <a href="cpp-language-main_function.html">main 函数</a>以 <code>return</code> 语句或以抵达函数尾返回，会进行正常函数终止（调用拥有自动<a href="cpp-language-storage_duration.html">存储期</a>的对象的析构函数），再执行 <code>std::exit</code> ，将 return 语句的参数（或若使用隐式 return 则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">​<span class="nu0">0</span>​</span></span> ）作为 <code>exit_code</code> 传递。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>exit_code</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>程序的退出状态</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>（无）</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cstdlib></span>
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Static <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">public</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
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~Static<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Static dtor<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Local <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">public</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
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~Local<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Local dtor<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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Static static_variable<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// *将*调用此对象的析构函数</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> atexit_handler<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"atexit handler<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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Local local_variable<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 将*不*调用此对象的析构函数</span>
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<span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">int</span> result <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html"><span class="kw969">std::<span class="me2">atexit</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>atexit_handler<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 将调用处理函数</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>result <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cerr.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">cerr</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"atexit registration failed<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> <a href="cpp-utility-program-EXIT_status.html"><span class="kw972">EXIT_FAILURE</span></a><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"test<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">exit</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-utility-program-EXIT_status.html"><span class="kw972">EXIT_FAILURE</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">test
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atexit handler
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Static dtor</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-abort.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>abort</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>导致非正常的程序终止（不进行清理）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atexit</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>注册将于调用 <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">std::exit()</strong></span> 时被调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-quick_exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>quick_exit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>导致快速程序终止，不进行完全的清理<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-at_quick_exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>at_quick_exit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>注册将于调用 <a href="cpp-utility-program-quick_exit.html"><tt>quick_exit</tt></a> 时被调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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