256 lines
15 KiB
HTML
256 lines
15 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>tan, tanf, tanl</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-c_numeric_math_tan skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">tan, tanf, tanl</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="c.html">c</a>‎ | <a href="c-numeric.html">numeric</a>‎ | <a href="c-numeric-math.html">math</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><math.h></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-c99">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">float</span> tanf<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">float</span> arg <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span> tan<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> arg <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> tanl<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span> arg <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(3)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><tgmath.h></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-c99">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="co2">#define tan( arg )</span></span></div>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tbody>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1-3)</span> 计算 <code>arg</code> （以弧度度量）的正切。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> 泛型宏：若参数拥有 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">long</span> <span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 类型，则调用 <code>tanl</code> 。否则，若参数拥有整数类型或 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">double</span></span></span> 类型，则调用 <code>tan</code> 。否则调用 <code>tanf</code> 。若参数为复数，则宏调用对应的复数函数（ <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctan.html"><span class="kw796">ctanf</span></a></span></span> 、 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctan.html"><span class="kw795">ctan</span></a></span></span> 、 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctan.html"><span class="kw797">ctanl</span></a></span></span> ）。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>arg</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>以弧度表示角的浮点值</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>若不出现错误，则返回 <code>arg</code> 的正切（ <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">tan(arg)</span> ）。</p>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-c99">
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<td>
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<p>若 <code>arg</code> 的绝对值很大，则结果可能有较少或无有效数字。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-c99">(C99 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>若出现定义域错误，则返回实现定义值（受支持平台为 NaN ）。</p>
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<p>若发生下溢所致的值域错误，则返回（舍入后的）正确结果。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.94.99.E8.AF.AF.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86">错误处理</span></h3>
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<p>报告 <a href="c-numeric-math-math_errhandling.html">math_errhandling</a> 中指定的错误。</p>
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<p>若实现支持 IEEE 浮点算数（ IEC 60559 ），则</p>
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<ul>
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<li>若参数为 ±0 ，则返回不修改的参数</li>
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<li>若参数为 ±∞ ，则返回 NaN 并引发 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-numeric-fenv-FE_exceptions.html">FE_INVALID</a></span></li>
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<li>若参数为 NaN ，则返回 NaN</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
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<p>C 中参数为无限大的情况未被指定为定义域错误，但它被定义为 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/tan.html">POSIX 中的定义域错误</a>。</p>
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<p>函数在 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">π(1/2 + n)</span> 有数学上的极点；然而无常用浮点表示能准确表示 π/2 ，故而没有值使得极点错误出现。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="c source-c">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stdio.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <math.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <errno.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <fenv.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw4">double</span> pi <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="c-numeric-math-acos.html"><span class="kw672">acos</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 典型用法</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"tan (pi/4) = %+f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, tan<span class="br0">(</span> pi<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 45°</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"tan(3*pi/4) = %+f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, tan<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="sy2">*</span>pi<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 135°</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"tan(5*pi/4) = %+f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, tan<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">5</span><span class="sy2">*</span>pi<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// -135°</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"tan(7*pi/4) = %+f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, tan<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">7</span><span class="sy2">*</span>pi<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// -45°</span>
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<span class="co1">// 特殊值</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"tan(+0) = %f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, tan<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu16">0.0</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"tan(-0) = %f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, tan<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu16">0.0</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 错误处理</span>
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<a href="c-numeric-fenv-feclearexcept.html"><span class="kw717">feclearexcept</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-numeric-fenv-FE_exceptions.html"><span class="kw728">FE_ALL_EXCEPT</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"tan(INFINITY) = %f<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, tan<span class="br0">(</span>INFINITY<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-numeric-fenv-fetestexcept.html"><span class="kw718">fetestexcept</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-numeric-fenv-FE_exceptions.html"><span class="kw731">FE_INVALID</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <a href="c-io-puts.html"><span class="kw835">puts</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">" FE_INVALID raised"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>可能的输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">tan (pi/4) = +1.000000
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tan(3*pi/4) = -1.000000
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tan(5*pi/4) = +1.000000
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tan(7*pi/4) = -1.000000
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tan(+0) = 0.000000
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tan(-0) = -0.000000
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tan(INFINITY) = -nan
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FE_INVALID raised</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
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<div class="t-ref-std-11">
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<ul>
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<li>C11 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:2011）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.12.4.7 The tan functions (p: 240)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>F.10.1.7 The tan functions (p: 519)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
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<ul>
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<li>C99 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:1999）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.12.4.7 The tan functions (p: 220)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>F.9.1.7 The tan functions (p: 457)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
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<ul>
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<li>C89/C90 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:1990）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>4.5.2.7 The tan function</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="c-numeric-math-sin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>sin</span><span>sinf</span><span>sinl</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算正弦（ <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\({\small\sin{x} }\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">sin(x)</span> ）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="c-numeric-math-cos.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>cos</span><span>cosf</span><span>cosl</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算余弦（ <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\({\small\cos{x} }\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">cos(x)</span> ）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="c-numeric-math-atan.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atan</span><span>atanf</span><span>atanl</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算反正切（ <span class="mjax" style="display:none">\({\small\arctan{x} }\)</span><span class="mjax-fallback texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">arctan(x)</span> ）<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="c-numeric-complex-ctan.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ctan</span><span>ctanf</span><span>ctanl</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>计算复数正切<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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