159 lines
16 KiB
HTML
159 lines
16 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<title>mbrtoc16</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-c_string_multibyte_mbrtoc16 skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">mbrtoc16</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="c.html">c</a>‎ | <a href="c-string.html">string</a>‎ | <a href="c-string-multibyte.html">multibyte</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><uchar.h></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-c11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> mbrtoc16<span class="br0">(</span> char16_t <span class="sy2">*</span> <span class="kw4">restrict</span> pc16, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span> <span class="kw4">restrict</span> s,<br />
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<a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> n, <a href="c-string-multibyte-mbstate_t.html"><span class="kw591">mbstate_t</span></a> <span class="sy2">*</span> <span class="kw4">restrict</span> ps <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>从单个编码点的多字节字符表示将它转换成其变长 16 位宽字符（典型地为 UTF-16 ）表示。</p>
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<p>若 <code>s</code> 不是空指针，则审查从 <code>s</code> 所指的字节开始的多字节字符串的至多 <code>n</code> 个字节，以检查完成下个多字节字符的字节数（包含任何迁移序列）。若函数确定 <code>s</code> 中下个多字节字符完整且合法，则将它转换到对应的 16 位宽字符，并将它存储于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>pc16</span></span> （若 <code>pc16</code> 非空）。</p>
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<p>若 <code>*s</code> 中的宽字符对应多 char16_t 序列（例如 UTF-16 中的代理对），则在首次调用此函数后更新 <code>*ps</code> ，以令下次到 <code>mbrtoc16</code> 的调用将写出额外的 char16_t ，而不考虑 <code>*s</code> 。</p>
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<p>若 <code>s</code> 是空指针，则忽略 <code>n</code> 与 <code>pc16</code> 的值，而调用等价于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">mbrtoc16<span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-NULL.html"><span class="kw103">NULL</span></a>, <span class="st0">""</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, ps<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</p>
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<p>若产生的宽字符是空字符，则转换状态 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>ps</span></span> 表示初始迁移状态。</p>
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<p>若定义 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">__STDC_UTF_16__</span></span> 宏，则此函数使用的 16 位编码是 UTF-16 ；否则它是实现定义的。任何情况下，此函数所用的多字节字符编码为当前活跃的 C 本地环境所指定。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>pc16</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向将写入产生的 16-bit 宽字符的位置的指针</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>s</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向用作输入的多字节字符串的指针</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>n</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>能检验的字节数上的限制</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>ps</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向转译多字节字符串时所用转换状态对象的指针</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>下列首个能应用者：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>若从 <code>s</code> 转换的字符是空字符（并存储于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>pc16</span></span> ，若它非空），则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">​<span class="nu0">0</span>​</span></span> 。</li>
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<li>成功从 <code>s</code> 转换的多字节字符的字节数 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">1</span>...<span class="me1">n</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> 。</li>
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<li>若下个 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">char16_t</span></span> 组成多 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">char16_t</span></span> 字符，并已写入 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>pc16</span></span> ，则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">3</span></span></span> 。此情况下不从输入处理字节。</li>
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<li>若接下来 <code>n</code> 个字符组成不完整，但到此还合法的多字节字符，则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">2</span></span></span> 。不写入 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>pc16</span></span> 。</li>
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<li>若出现编码错误则为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> 。不写入 <code>*pc16</code> ，存储值 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-error-errno_macros.html">EILSEQ</a></span> 于 <span class="t-lc"><a href="c-error-errno.html">errno</a></span> ，且 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>ps</span></span> 状态未指定。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="c source-c">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stdio.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <locale.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <uchar.h></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <stdint.h></span>
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<a href="c-string-multibyte-mbstate_t.html"><span class="kw591">mbstate_t</span></a> state<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="c-locale-setlocale.html"><span class="kw900">setlocale</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-locale-LC_categories.html"><span class="kw903">LC_ALL</span></a>, <span class="st0">"en_US.utf8"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">char</span> in<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> u8<span class="st0">"zß水🍌"</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 或 "z\u00df\u6c34\U0001F34C"</span>
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<a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> in_sz <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw4">sizeof</span> in <span class="sy2">/</span> <span class="kw4">sizeof</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>in<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Processing %zu UTF-8 code units: [ "</span>, in_sz<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> n <span class="sy1"><</span> in_sz<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>n<span class="br0">)</span> <a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%#x "</span>, <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="br0">)</span>in<span class="br0">[</span>n<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-puts.html"><span class="kw835">puts</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"]"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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char16_t out<span class="br0">[</span>in_sz<span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>p_in <span class="sy1">=</span> in, <span class="sy2">*</span>end <span class="sy1">=</span> in <span class="sy2">+</span> in_sz<span class="sy4">;</span>
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char16_t <span class="sy2">*</span>p_out <span class="sy1">=</span> out<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> rc<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">while</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">(</span>rc <span class="sy1">=</span> mbrtoc16<span class="br0">(</span>p_out, p_in, end <span class="sy2">-</span> p_in, <span class="sy3">&</span>state<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span><span class="br0">(</span>rc <span class="sy1">==</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="co1">// UTF-16 中的代理对</span>
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p_out <span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="kw1">if</span><span class="br0">(</span>rc <span class="sy1"><=</span> <a href="c-types-limits.html"><span class="kw346">SIZE_MAX</span></a> <span class="sy2">/</span> <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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p_in <span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span> rc<span class="sy4">;</span>
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p_out <span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="kw1">break</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> out_sz <span class="sy1">=</span> p_out <span class="sy2">-</span> out <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"into %zu UTF-16 code units: [ "</span>, out_sz<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="c-types-size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> x <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> x <span class="sy1"><</span> out_sz<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>x<span class="br0">)</span> <a href="c-io-fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%#x "</span>, out<span class="br0">[</span>x<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="c-io-puts.html"><span class="kw835">puts</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"]"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Processing 11 UTF-8 code units: [ 0x7a 0xc3 0x9f 0xe6 0xb0 0xb4 0xf0 0x9f 0x8d 0x8c 0 ]
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into 6 UTF-16 code units: [ 0x7a 0xdf 0x6c34 0xd83c 0xdf4c 0 ]</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
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<div class="t-ref-std-11">
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<ul>
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<li>C11 标准（ISO/IEC 9899:2011）：</li>
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</ul>
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<dl>
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<dd>
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<ul>
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<li>7.28.1.1 The mbrtoc16 function (p: 398-399)</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="c-string-multibyte-c16rtomb.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>c16rtomb</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将16位宽字符转换成窄多字节字符串<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</body>
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