269 lines
25 KiB
HTML
269 lines
25 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::minmax_element</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_algorithm_minmax_element skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>minmax_element</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-algorithm.html">algorithm</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-algorithm.html"><algorithm></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11 t-until-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p><a href="cpp-utility-pair.html"><span class="kw1096">std::<span class="me2">pair</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt,ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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minmax_element<span class="br0">(</span> ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p><span class="kw4">constexpr</span> <a href="cpp-utility-pair.html"><span class="kw1096">std::<span class="me2">pair</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt,ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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minmax_element<span class="br0">(</span> ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ExecutionPolicy, <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p><a href="cpp-utility-pair.html"><span class="kw1096">std::<span class="me2">pair</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt,ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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minmax_element<span class="br0">(</span> ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy3">&&</span> policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tbody>
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<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num">
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<tr class="t-dcl-rev-aux">
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<td rowspan="142">(3)</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11 t-until-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p><a href="cpp-utility-pair.html"><span class="kw1096">std::<span class="me2">pair</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt,ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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minmax_element<span class="br0">(</span> ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p><span class="kw4">constexpr</span> <a href="cpp-utility-pair.html"><span class="kw1096">std::<span class="me2">pair</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt,ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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minmax_element<span class="br0">(</span> ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> ExecutionPolicy, <span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare <span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p><a href="cpp-utility-pair.html"><span class="kw1096">std::<span class="me2">pair</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt,ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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minmax_element<span class="br0">(</span> ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy3">&&</span> policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare comp <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(4)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>寻找范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 中最小和最大的元素。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 用 <code>operator<</code> 比较元素。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 用给定的二元比较函数 <code>comp</code> 比较元素。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2,4)</span> 同 <span class="t-v">(1,3)</span> ，但按照 <code>policy</code> 执行。这些重载仅若 <span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx20"><span><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-algorithm-is_execution_policy.html"><span class="kw1564">std::<span class="me2">is_execution_policy_v</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-types-decay.html"><span class="kw629">std::<span class="me2">decay_t</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy1">>></span></span></span></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></span></span><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx20"><span><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-algorithm-is_execution_policy.html"><span class="kw1564">std::<span class="me2">is_execution_policy_v</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">remove_cvref_t</span><span class="sy1"><</span>ExecutionPolicy<span class="sy1">>></span></span></span></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></span></span> 为 true 才参与重载决议。。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>定义要检验的元素范围的迭代器</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>policy</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>所用的执行策略。细节见<a href="cpp-algorithm-execution_policy_tag_t.html">执行策略</a>。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>cmp</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>比较函数对象（即满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Compare.html"><span style="font-style:italic">比较</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Compare)</span></a> 要求的对象），若若 <code>*a</code> <i>小于</i> <code>*b</code> ，则返回 ​<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw2">true</span></span></span> 。<br />
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<p>比较函数的签名应等价于如下：</p>
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<p><span class="t-cc"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"> <span class="kw4">bool</span> cmp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> Type1 <span class="sy3">&</span>a, <span class="kw4">const</span> Type2 <span class="sy3">&</span>b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span></p>
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<p>虽然签名不必有 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> ，函数也不能修改传递给它的对象，而且必须接受（可为 const 的）类型 <code>Type1</code> 与 <code>Type2</code> 的值，无关乎<a href="cpp-language-value_category.html">值类别</a>（从而不允许 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type1 <span class="sy3">&</span></span></span> <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>，亦不允许 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type1</span></span> ，除非 <code>Type1</code> 的移动等价于复制</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span>）。<br />
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类型 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type1</span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Type2</span></span> 必须使得 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">ForwardIt</span></span> 类型的对象能在解引用后隐式转换到这两个类型。 ​</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-hitem">
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<td colspan="3">类型要求</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par-req">
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<td colspan="3">-
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<code>ForwardIt</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-ForwardIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式向前迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyForwardIterator)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>以指向最小元素的迭代器为第一元素，以指向最大元素的迭代器为第二元素的 pair 。若范围为空则返回 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-utility-pair-make_pair.html"><span class="kw1097">std::<span class="me2">make_pair</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>first, first<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。若多个元素等价于最小元素，则返回指向首个这种元素的迭代器。若多个元素等价于最大元素，则返回指向最后一个这种元素的迭代器。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.A4.8D.E6.9D.82.E5.BA.A6">复杂度</span></h3>
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<p>至多应用谓词 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">max(floor(3/2(N−1)), 0)</span> 次，其中 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">N <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-iterator-distance.html"><span class="kw673">std::<span class="me2">distance</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>first, last<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>拥有名为 <code>ExecutionPolicy</code> 的模板形参的重载按下列方式报告错误：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>若作为算法一部分调用的函数的执行抛出异常，且 <code>ExecutionPolicy</code> 为<a href="cpp-algorithm-execution_policy_tag_t.html">标准策略</a>之一，则调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html">std::terminate</a></span> 。对于任何其他 <code>ExecutionPolicy</code> ，行为是实现定义的。</li>
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<li>若算法无法分配内存，则抛出 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-memory-new-bad_alloc.html">std::bad_alloc</a></span> 。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>此算法不仅在效率上异于 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-utility-pair-make_pair.html"><span class="kw1097">std::<span class="me2">make_pair</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-algorithm-min_element.html"><span class="kw1643">std::<span class="me2">min_element</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-algorithm-max_element.html"><span class="kw1641">std::<span class="me2">max_element</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，而且此算法寻找<i>最后</i>的最大元素，而 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-algorithm-max_element.html">std::max_element</a></span> 寻找<i>首个</i>最大元素。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.AF.E8.83.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9E.E7.8E.B0">可能的实现</span></h3>
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<table class="eq-fun-cpp-table">
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<tr>
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<th>版本一</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span>
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<a href="cpp-utility-pair.html"><span class="kw1096">std::<span class="me2">pair</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt, ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span>
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minmax_element<span class="br0">(</span>ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">using</span> value_type <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw1">typename</span> <a href="cpp-iterator-iterator_traits.html"><span class="kw651">std::<span class="me2">iterator_traits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value_type</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">minmax_element</span><span class="br0">(</span>first, last, <a href="cpp-utility-functional-less.html"><span class="kw1039">std::<span class="me2">less</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>value_type<span class="sy1">></span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>版本二</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> ForwardIt, <span class="kw1">class</span> Compare<span class="sy1">></span>
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<a href="cpp-utility-pair.html"><span class="kw1096">std::<span class="me2">pair</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>ForwardIt, ForwardIt<span class="sy1">></span>
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minmax_element<span class="br0">(</span>ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare comp<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> min <span class="sy1">=</span> first, max <span class="sy1">=</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>first <span class="sy1">==</span> last <span class="sy3">||</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>first <span class="sy1">==</span> last<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="br0">{</span>min, max<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>first, <span class="sy2">*</span>min<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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min <span class="sy1">=</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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max <span class="sy1">=</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">while</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">++</span>first <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> last<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> i <span class="sy1">=</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">++</span>first <span class="sy1">==</span> last<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>i, <span class="sy2">*</span>min<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> min <span class="sy1">=</span> i<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">!</span><span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>i, <span class="sy2">*</span>max<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> max <span class="sy1">=</span> i<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">break</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>first, <span class="sy2">*</span>i<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>first, <span class="sy2">*</span>min<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> min <span class="sy1">=</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">!</span><span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>i, <span class="sy2">*</span>max<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> max <span class="sy1">=</span> i<span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>i, <span class="sy2">*</span>min<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> min <span class="sy1">=</span> i<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">!</span><span class="br0">(</span>comp<span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy2">*</span>first, <span class="sy2">*</span>max<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> max <span class="sy1">=</span> first<span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="br0">{</span>min, max<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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|
</div>
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</td>
|
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</tr>
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</table>
|
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="t-example">
|
|
<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="cpp source-cpp">
|
|
<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> v <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="nu0">3</span>, <span class="nu0">9</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="nu0">9</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw4">auto</span> result <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">minmax_element</span><span class="br0">(</span>v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, v.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"min element at: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="br0">(</span>result.<span class="me1">first</span> <span class="sy2">-</span> v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"max element at: "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="br0">(</span>result.<span class="me1">second</span> <span class="sy2">-</span> v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>输出：</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">min element at: 2
|
|
max element at: 6</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-min_element.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>min_element</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回范围内的最小元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-algorithm-max_element.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>max_element</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回范围内的最大元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
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</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html>
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