369 lines
19 KiB
HTML
369 lines
19 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>概念库 (C++20)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_concepts skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">概念库 <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<p>概念库提供基础库概念们的定义，它们能用于进行模板实参的编译时校验，以及基于类型属性的函数派发。这些概念在程序中提供等式推理的基础。</p>
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<p>标准库中的大多数概念一同加上了语法及语义要求。若符合标准概念的语法要求，则称它被<i>满足</i>，而若满足标准概念并且还符合其语义要求（若存在），则称它被<i>实现</i>。</p>
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<p>通常，编译器只能检查语法要求。若程序的合法性或含义取决于模板实参序列是否实现一个概念，而该概念被满足但未被实现，或若在使用点语义要求未得到满足，则程序非良构，不要求诊断。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于命名空间 <code>std</code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A0.B8.E5.BF.83.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5">核心语言概念</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-concepts.html"><concepts></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-same_as.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>same_as</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定一个类型与另一类型相同<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-derived_from.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>derived_from</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定一个类型派生自另一类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-convertible_to.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>convertible_to</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定一个类型能隐式转换成另一类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-common_reference_with.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>common_reference_with</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定两个类型共有一个公共引用类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-common_with.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>common_with</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定两个类型共有一个公共类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-integral.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>integral</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定类型为整型类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-signed_integral.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>signed_integral</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定类型为有符号的整型类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-unsigned_integral.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>unsigned_integral</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定类型为无符号的整型类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-floating_point.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>floating_point</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定类型为浮点类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-assignable_from.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>assignable_from</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定一个类型能从另一类型赋值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-swappable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>swappable</span><span>swappable_with</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定一个类型能进行交换，或两个类型能彼此交换<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-destructible.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>destructible</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定能销毁该类型的对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-constructible_from.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>constructible_from</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定该类型的变量能从一组实参类型进行构造，或绑定到一组实参类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-default_initializable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>default_initializable</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定能默认构造一个类型的对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-move_constructible.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>move_constructible</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定能移动构造一个类型的对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-copy_constructible.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>copy_constructible</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定能复制构造和移动构造一个类型的对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.AF.94.E8.BE.83.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5">比较概念</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-concepts.html"><concepts></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-boolean-testable.html"><i><span class="t-lines"><span>boolean-testable</span></span></i></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定能用于布尔语境的类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(仅用于阐释的概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-equality_comparable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>equality_comparable</span><span>equality_comparable_with</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定运算符 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy1">==</span></span></span> 为等价关系<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-totally_ordered.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>totally_ordered</span><span>totally_ordered_with</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定比较运算符在该类型上产生全序<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-compare.html"><compare></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-compare-three_way_comparable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>three_way_comparable</span><span>three_way_comparable_with</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定运算符 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy1"><=></span></span></span> 在给定类型上产生一致的结果<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5">对象概念</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-concepts.html"><concepts></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-movable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>movable</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定能移动及交换一个类型的对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-copyable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>copyable</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定能复制、移动及交换一个类型的对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-semiregular.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>semiregular</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定能赋值、移动、交换及默认构造一个类型的对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-regular.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>regular</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定类型为正则，即它既为 <a href="cpp-concepts-semiregular.html"><code>semiregular</code></a> 亦为 <a href="cpp-concepts-equality_comparable.html"><code>equality_comparable</code></a><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.AF.E8.B0.83.E7.94.A8.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5">可调用概念</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-concepts.html"><concepts></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-invocable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>invocable</span><span>regular_invocable</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定能以给定的一组实参类型调用的可调用类型<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-predicate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>predicate</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定可调用类型为布尔谓词<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-relation.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>relation</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定可调用类型为二元关系<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-equivalence_relation.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>equivalence_relation</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定 <a href="cpp-concepts-relation.html"><code>relation</code></a> 施加等价关系<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-concepts-strict_weak_order.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>strict_weak_order</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>指定一个 <a href="cpp-concepts-relation.html"><code>relation</code></a> 所强加的是严格弱序<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(概念)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>更多概念可在<a href="cpp-iterator.html#C.2B.2B20_.E8.BF.AD.E4.BB.A3.E5.99.A8.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5">迭代器库</a>、<a href="cpp-iterator.html#.E7.AE.97.E6.B3.95.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5.E4.B8.8E.E5.B7.A5.E5.85.B7">算法库</a>与<a href="cpp-ranges.html#.E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5">范围库</a>中找到。</p>
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