653 lines
40 KiB
HTML
653 lines
40 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::vector</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_container_vector skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>vector</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-container.html">container</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-vector.html"><vector></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">class</span> T,<br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Allocator <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-memory-allocator.html"><span class="kw700">std::<span class="me2">allocator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">></span><br /></p>
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<span class="sy1">></span> <span class="kw1">class</span> vector<span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td>(1)</td>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx17">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">namespace</span> pmr <span class="br0">{</span><br /></span>
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<p> <span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> T<span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw1">using</span> vector <span class="sy1">=</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">vector</span><span class="sy1"><</span>T, <a href="cpp-memory-polymorphic_allocator.html"><span class="kw707">std::<span class="me2">pmr</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">polymorphic_allocator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T<span class="sy1">>></span><span class="sy4">;</span><br /></p>
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<span class="br0">}</span></div>
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</td>
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<td>(2)</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl-sep">
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<td></td>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> <code>std::vector</code> 是封装动态数组的顺序容器。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> <code>std::pmr::vector</code> 是使用<a href="cpp-memory-polymorphic_allocator.html">多态分配器</a>的模板别名。</div>
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<p>连续存储元素,这意味着不仅可通过迭代器,还能用指向元素的常规指针访问元素。这意味着指向 <code>vector</code> 元素的指针能传递给任何期待指向数组元素的指针的函数。</p>
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<p>vector 的存储是自动管理的,按需扩张收缩。 <code>vector</code> 通常占用多于静态数组的空间,因为要分配更多内存以管理将来的增长。 <code>vector</code> 所用的方式不在每次插入元素时,而只在额外内存耗尽时重分配。分配的内存总量可用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-capacity.html">capacity()</a></span> 函数查询。<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>可通过调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-shrink_to_fit.html">shrink_to_fit()</a></span> 返回多出的内存给系统。</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span></p>
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<p>重分配通常是性能上有开销的操作。若元素数量已知,则 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-reserve.html">reserve()</a></span> 函数可用于消除重分配。</p>
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<p><code>vector</code> 上的常见操作复杂度(效率)如下:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>随机访问——常数 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">𝓞(1)</span></li>
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<li>在末尾插入或移除元素——均摊常数 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">𝓞(1)</span></li>
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<li>插入或移除元素——与到 vector 结尾的距离成线性 <span class="texhtml" style="white-space: nowrap;">𝓞(n)</span></li>
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</ul>
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<p><code>std::vector</code> (对于 <code>bool</code> 以外的 <code>T</code> )满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Container.html"><span style="font-style:italic">容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Container)</span></a> 、<a href="cpp-named_req-AllocatorAwareContainer.html"><span style="font-style:italic">知分配器容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(AllocatorAwareContainer)</span></a> 、<a href="cpp-named_req-SequenceContainer.html"><span style="font-style:italic">序列容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(SequenceContainer)</span></a> <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx17"><span>、<a href="cpp-named_req-ContiguousContainer.html"><span style="font-style:italic">连续容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(ContiguousContainer)</span></a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></span></span>及<a href="cpp-named_req-ReversibleContainer.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可逆容器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(ReversibleContainer)</span></a> 的要求。</p>
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p><code>std::vector</code> 的特化是<a href="cpp-named_req-LiteralType.html"><span style="font-style:italic">字面类型</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LiteralType)</span></a> ,从而能在常量表达式的求值中创建它们。</p>
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<p>然而 <code>std::vector</code> 对象通常不能为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">constexpr</span></span></span> ,因为任何动态分配的存储都必须在同一常量表达式求值中释放。</p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.A8.A1.E6.9D.BF.E5.BD.A2.E5.8F.82">模板形参</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>T</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>元素的类型。
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<table class="t-rev-begin">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx11">
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<td><code>T</code> 必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyAssignable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制赋值</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyAssignable)</span></a> 和<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a> 的要求。</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11 t-until-cxx17">
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<td>加诸元素的要求依赖于容器上进行的实际操作。泛言之,要求元素类型是完整类型并满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Erasable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可擦除</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Erasable)</span></a> 的要求,但许多成员函数附带了更严格的要求。</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx17">(C++17 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx17">
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<td>加诸元素的要求依赖于容器上进行的实际操作。泛言之,要求元素类型满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Erasable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可擦除</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Erasable)</span></a> 的要求,但许多成员函数附带了更严格的要求。若分配器满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Allocator.html#.E5.88.86.E9.85.8D.E5.99.A8.E5.AE.8C.E6.95.B4.E6.80.A7.E8.A6.81.E6.B1.82">分配器完整性要求</a>,则容器(但非其成员)能以不完整元素类型实例化。</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p></p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>Allocator</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>用于获取/释放内存及构造/析构内存中元素的分配器。类型必须满足<a href="cpp-named_req-Allocator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">分配器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(Allocator)</span></a> 的要求。若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">Allocator<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">value_type</span></span></span> 与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">T</span></span> 不同则<span class="t-rev-inl t-until-cxx20"><span>行为未定义</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></span></span><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx20"><span>程序非良构</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></span></span>。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.89.B9.E5.8C.96">特化</span></h3>
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<p>标准库提供 <code>std::vector</code> 对类型 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span> 的特化,它可能为空间效率优化。</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-vector_bool.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>vector<span class="t-dsc-small"><bool></span></span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>节省空间的动态 bitset<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板特化)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.AD.E4.BB.A3.E5.99.A8.E9.9D.9E.E6.B3.95.E5.8C.96">迭代器非法化</span></h3>
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<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
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<tr>
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<th>操作</th>
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<th>非法化</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>所有只读操作</td>
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<td>决不</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-swap.html">swap</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-algorithm-swap.html">std::swap</a></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-end.html">end()</a></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-clear.html">clear</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-operator=.html">operator=</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-assign.html">assign</a></span></td>
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<td>始终</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-reserve.html">reserve</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-shrink_to_fit.html">shrink_to_fit</a></span></td>
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<td>若 vector 更改容量,则为其全部。否则为无。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-erase.html">erase</a></span></td>
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<td>被擦除元素及之后的所有元素(包括 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-end.html">end()</a></span> )。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-push_back.html">push_back</a></span> 、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-emplace_back.html">emplace_back</a></span></td>
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<td>若 vector 更改容量,则为其全部。否则仅 end() 。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-insert.html">insert</a></span>, <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-emplace.html">emplace</a></span></td>
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<td>若 vector 更改容量,则为其全部。否则仅为在或于插入点后者(包括 end() )。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-resize.html">resize</a></span></td>
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<td>若 vector 更改容量,则为其全部。否则仅 end() 与被擦除元素。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-pop_back.html">pop_back</a></span></td>
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<td>被擦除元素及 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-container-vector-end.html">end()</a></span> 。</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">成员类型</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>成员类型</td>
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<td>定义</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>value_type</code></td>
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<td><code>T</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>allocator_type</code></td>
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<td><code>Allocator</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>size_type</code></td>
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<td>无符号整数类型(通常是 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-size_t.html">std::size_t</a></span> )</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>difference_type</code></td>
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<td>有符号整数类型(通常是 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-types-ptrdiff_t.html">std::ptrdiff_t</a></span> )</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>reference</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">value_type<span class="sy3">&</span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>const_reference</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">const</span> value_type<span class="sy3">&</span></span></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>pointer</code></td>
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<td>
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<table class="t-rev-begin t-rev-begin-noborder">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx11">
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<td><code>Allocator::pointer</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11">
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-memory-allocator_traits.html"><span class="kw701">std::<span class="me2">allocator_traits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Allocator<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">pointer</span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>const_pointer</code></td>
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<td>
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<table class="t-rev-begin t-rev-begin-noborder">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx11">
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<td><code>Allocator::const_pointer</code></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx11">
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-memory-allocator_traits.html"><span class="kw701">std::<span class="me2">allocator_traits</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>Allocator<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">const_pointer</span></span></span></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>iterator</code></td>
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<td>
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<table class="t-rev-begin t-rev-begin-noborder">
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<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p>指向 <code>value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ContiguousIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式连续迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyContiguousIterator)</span></a></p>
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</td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx20">
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<td>
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<p>指向 <code>value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 、<a href="cpp-iterator-contiguous_iterator.html"><code>contiguous_iterator</code></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ConstexprIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">常量表达式迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(ConstexprIterator)</span></a></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><code>const_iterator</code></td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<table class="t-rev-begin t-rev-begin-noborder">
|
|
<tr class="t-rev t-until-cxx20">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>指向 <code>const value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ContiguousIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式连续迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyContiguousIterator)</span></a></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-rev t-since-cxx20">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>指向 <code>const value_type</code> 的<a href="cpp-named_req-RandomAccessIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">老式随机访问迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</span></a> 、<a href="cpp-iterator-contiguous_iterator.html"><code>contiguous_iterator</code></a> 及<a href="cpp-named_req-ConstexprIterator.html"><span style="font-style:italic">常量表达式迭代器</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(ConstexprIterator)</span></a></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><code>reverse_iterator</code></td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-iterator-reverse_iterator.html"><span class="kw658">std::<span class="me2">reverse_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>iterator<span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td><code>const_reverse_iterator</code></td>
|
|
<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="cpp-iterator-reverse_iterator.html"><span class="kw658">std::<span class="me2">reverse_iterator</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>const_iterator<span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-vector.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>构造 <code>vector</code><br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-~vector.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>析构 <code>vector</code><br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-operator=.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator=</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>赋值给容器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-assign.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>assign</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>将值赋给容器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-get_allocator.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>get_allocator</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回相关的分配器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.85.83.E7.B4.A0.E8.AE.BF.E9.97.AE">元素访问</span></h5>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-at.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>at</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>访问指定的元素,同时进行越界检查<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-operator_at.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>访问指定的元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-front.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>front</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>访问第一个元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-back.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>back</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>访问最后一个元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-data.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>data</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>直接访问底层数组<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.AD.E4.BB.A3.E5.99.A8">迭代器</span></h5>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-begin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>begin</span> <span>cbegin</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回指向起始的迭代器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-end.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>end</span> <span>cend</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回指向末尾的迭代器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-rbegin.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>rbegin</span><span>crbegin</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回指向起始的逆向迭代器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-rend.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>rend</span><span>crend</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回指向末尾的逆向迭代器<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.AE.B9.E9.87.8F">容量</span></h5>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>检查容器是否为空<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-size.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>size</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回容纳的元素数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-max_size.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>max_size</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回可容纳的最大元素数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-reserve.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>reserve</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>预留存储空间<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-capacity.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>capacity</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>返回当前存储空间能够容纳的元素数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-shrink_to_fit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>shrink_to_fit</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>通过释放未使用的内存减少内存的使用<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="2">
|
|
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E4.BF.AE.E6.94.B9.E5.99.A8">修改器</span></h5>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-clear.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>clear</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>清除内容<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-insert.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>insert</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>插入元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-emplace.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>emplace</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>原位构造元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-erase.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>erase</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>擦除元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-push_back.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>push_back</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>将元素添加到容器末尾<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-emplace_back.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>emplace_back</span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>在容器末尾就地构造元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-pop_back.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>pop_back</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>移除末元素<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-resize.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>resize</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>改变容器中可存储元素的个数<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-swap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>swap</span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>交换内容<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.9D.9E.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">非成员函数</span></h3>
|
|
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-operator_cmp.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator==</span><span>operator!=</span><span>operator<</span><span>operator<=</span><span>operator></span><span>operator>=</span><span>operator<=></span></span></a></div>
|
|
<div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 中移除)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>按照字典顺序比较 vector 中的值<br />
|
|
<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="t-dsc">
|
|
<td>
|
|
<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
|
|
<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-swap2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>std::swap<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::vector)</span></span></span></a></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>特化 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-algorithm-swap.html">std::swap</a></span> 算法<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-container-vector-erase2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>erase<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::vector)</span></span><span>erase_if<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::vector)</span></span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
|
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<td>擦除所有满足特定判别标准的元素<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.8E.A8.E5.AF.BC.E6.8C.87.E5.BC.95.28C.2B.2B17_.E8.B5.B7.29"><a href="cpp-container-vector-deduction_guides.html">推导指引</a><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17 起)</span></span></h3>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
|
|
<div class="t-example">
|
|
<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="cpp source-cpp">
|
|
<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
|
|
<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<span class="co1">// 创建含有整数的 vector</span>
|
|
std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">vector</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> v <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">7</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span>, <span class="nu0">16</span>, <span class="nu0">8</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// 添加二个整数到 vector</span>
|
|
v.<span class="me1">push_back</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">25</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
v.<span class="me1">push_back</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">13</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="co1">// 迭代并打印 vector 的值</span>
|
|
<span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy4">:</span> v<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
|
|
<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1756">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span>
|
|
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>输出:</p>
|
|
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
|
|
<div class="text source-text">
|
|
<pre class="de1">7
|
|
5
|
|
16
|
|
8
|
|
25
|
|
13</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BC.BA.E9.99.B7.E6.8A.A5.E5.91.8A">缺陷报告</span></h3>
|
|
<p>下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。</p>
|
|
<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>DR</th>
|
|
<th>应用于</th>
|
|
<th>出版时的行为</th>
|
|
<th>正确行为</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue69">LWG 69</a></td>
|
|
<td>C++98</td>
|
|
<td>未要求 <code>vector</code> 的元素存储的连续性</td>
|
|
<td>已要求</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue464">LWG 464</a></td>
|
|
<td>C++98</td>
|
|
<td>访问空的 <code>vector</code> 的底层存储导致未定义行为</td>
|
|
<td>提供 <code>data</code> 函数</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="visualClear"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html>
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