241 lines
16 KiB
HTML
241 lines
16 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::collate</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site_modules.css" />
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_locale_collate skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>collate</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-locale.html">locale</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<tbody>
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-locale.html"><locale></a></code></div>
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</td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw1">class</span> CharT <span class="sy1">></span><br />
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<span class="kw1">class</span> collate<span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<p>类 <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">std::collate</strong></span> 封装字符串的本地环境限定对照（比较）和哈希。此平面为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-regex-basic_regex.html">std::basic_regex</a></span> 所用，并能以 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">locale</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">operator</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 直接应用到所有期待 string 比较谓词的标准算法。</p>
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<div class="t-inheritance-diagram">
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<div class="center">
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<div class="noresize" style="height: 45px; width: 243px;"><map name="ImageMap_1_588572360" id="ImageMap_1_588572360">
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<area href="cpp-locale-locale-facet.html" shape="rect" coords="5,6,107,39" alt="cpp/locale/locale/facet" /></map><img alt="std-collate-inheritance.svg" src="std-collate-inheritance.svg" width="243" height="45" usemap="#ImageMap_1_588572360" /></div>
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<div style="text-align:center;">
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<p><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">继承图</span></p>
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</div>
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<p>标准库提供二个孤立（不依赖本地环境）的特化：</p>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-header">
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<td colspan="2">
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-locale.html"><locale></a></code></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">collate</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td>实现字节字符串的字典序定序</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">collate</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span><span class="sy1">></span></span></span></td>
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<td>实现宽字符串的字典序定序</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>另外， C++ 程序中构造的每个 locale 对象都实装这些特化的其自身（本地环境限定）版本。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">成员类型</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>成员类型</td>
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<td>定义</td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>char_type</code></td>
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<td><code>CharT</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>string_type</code></td>
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<td><code>std::basic_string<CharT></code></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-collate-collate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>构造新的 collate 平面<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-collate-~collate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>销毁 collate 平面<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(受保护成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-collate-compare.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>compare</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>调用 <code>do_compare</code><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-collate-transform.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>transform</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>调用 <code>do_transform</code><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-collate-hash.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>hash</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>调用 <code>do_hash</code><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.AF.B9.E8.B1.A1">成员对象</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-dsc-small">static std::locale::id</span> id</span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>locale 的 <i>id</i><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员对象)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.97.E4.BF.9D.E6.8A.A4.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">受保护成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-collate-compare.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>do_compare</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>用此平面的对照规则比较二个字符串<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(虚受保护成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-collate-transform.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>do_transform</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>变换字符串，使得能用比较替换对照<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(虚受保护成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-collate-hash.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>do_hash</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[虚]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>生成使用此平面对照规则的整数哈希值<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(虚受保护成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <locale></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <string></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a>.<span class="me1">imbue</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-locale-locale.html"><span class="kw1894">std::<span class="me2">locale</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">""</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1232">std::<span class="me2">wstring</span></span></a><span class="sy1">></span> v <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span>L<span class="st0">"ar"</span>, L<span class="st0">"zebra"</span>, L<span class="st0">"<span class="es3">\u00f6</span>grupp"</span>, L<span class="st0">"Zebra"</span>, L<span class="st0">"<span class="es3">\u00e4</span>ngel"</span>,
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L<span class="st0">"<span class="es3">\u00e5</span>r"</span>, L<span class="st0">"f<span class="es3">\u00f6</span>rnamn"</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Default locale collation order: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-algorithm-sort.html"><span class="kw1618">std::<span class="me2">sort</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, v.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span> s <span class="sy4">:</span> v<span class="br0">)</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> s <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"English locale collation order: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-algorithm-sort.html"><span class="kw1618">std::<span class="me2">sort</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, v.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-locale-locale.html"><span class="kw1894">std::<span class="me2">locale</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"en_US.UTF-8"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span> s <span class="sy4">:</span> v<span class="br0">)</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> s <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Swedish locale collation order: "</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-algorithm-sort.html"><span class="kw1618">std::<span class="me2">sort</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>v.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, v.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, <a href="cpp-locale-locale.html"><span class="kw1894">std::<span class="me2">locale</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sv_SE.UTF-8"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">auto</span> s <span class="sy4">:</span> v<span class="br0">)</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> s <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">wcout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Default locale collation order: Zebra ar förnamn zebra ängel år ögrupp
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English locale collation order: ängel ar år förnamn ögrupp zebra Zebra
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Swedish locale collation order: ar förnamn zebra Zebra år ängel ögrupp</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-locale-operator().html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator()</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>用此 locale 的 collate 刻面以字典序比较两个字符串<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(<code>std::locale</code> 的公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-locale-collate_byname.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>collate_byname</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>为具名 locale 创建 collate 平面<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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