190 lines
11 KiB
HTML
190 lines
11 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh">
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<head><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>std::thread</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_thread_thread skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<div id="cpp-content-base">
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<div id="content"><a id="top"></a>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>thread</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-thread.html">thread</a></span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" xml:lang="zh">
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<table class="t-dcl-begin">
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<td>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-thread.html"><thread></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr class="t-dcl t-since-cxx11">
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">class</span> thread<span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<td></td>
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<p>类 <code>thread</code> 表示<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_(computing)" class="extiw" title="enwiki:Thread (computing)">单个执行线程</a>。线程允许多个函数同时执行。</p>
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<p>线程在构造关联的线程对象时立即开始执行（等待任何OS调度延迟），从提供给作为<a href="cpp-thread-thread-thread.html">构造函数参数</a>的顶层函数开始。顶层函数的返回值将被忽略，而且若它以抛异常终止，则调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html">std::terminate</a></span> 。顶层函数可以通过 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-thread-promise.html">std::promise</a></span> 或通过修改共享变量（可能需要同步，见 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-thread-mutex.html">std::mutex</a></span> 与 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-atomic-atomic.html">std::atomic</a></span> ）将其返回值或异常传递给调用方。</p>
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<p><code>std::thread</code> 对象也可能处于不表示任何线程的状态（默认构造、被移动、 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-thread-thread-detach.html">detach</a></span> 或 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-thread-thread-join.html">join</a></span> 后），并且执行线程可能与任何 <code>thread</code> 对象无关（ <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-thread-thread-detach.html">detach</a></span> 后）。</p>
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<p>没有两个 <code>std::thread</code> 对象会表示同一执行线程； <code>std::thread</code> 不是<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyConstructible)</span></a> 或<a href="cpp-named_req-CopyAssignable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可复制赋值</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(CopyAssignable)</span></a> 的，尽管它<a href="cpp-named_req-MoveConstructible.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可移动构造</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(MoveConstructible)</span></a> 且<a href="cpp-named_req-MoveAssignable.html"><span style="font-style:italic">可移动赋值</span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; font-style:italic">(MoveAssignable)</span></a> 。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B">成员类型</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
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<td>成员类型</td>
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<td>定义</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td><code>native_handle_type</code> <span class="t-mark">(可选)</span></td>
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<td><i>实现定义</i></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E7.B1.BB">成员类</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-id.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>id</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>表示线程的 <i>id</i><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员类)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-thread.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(构造函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>构造新的 thread 对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div t-dsc-member-nobold-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-~thread.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>(析构函数)</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>析构 thread 对象，必须合并或分离底层线程<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-operator=.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator=</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>移动 thread 对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A7.82.E5.AF.9F.E5.99.A8">观察器</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-joinable.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>joinable</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>检查线程是否可合并，即潜在地运行于平行环境中<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-get_id.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>get_id</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回线程的 <i>id</i><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-native_handle.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>native_handle</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回底层实现定义的线程句柄<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-hardware_concurrency.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>hardware_concurrency</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-cmark">[静态]</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回实现支持的并发线程数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开静态成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.93.8D.E4.BD.9C">操作</span></h5>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-join.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>join</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>等待线程完成其执行<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-detach.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>detach</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>容许线程从线程句柄独立开来执行<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-swap.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>swap</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>交换二个 <code>thread</code> 对象<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E9.9D.9E.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">非成员函数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-thread-thread-swap2.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>std::swap<span class="t-dsc-small">(std::thread)</span></span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>特化 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-algorithm-swap.html">std::swap</a></span> 算法<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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