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<section id="module-email.errors">
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<span id="email-errors-exception-and-defect-classes"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-email.errors" title="email.errors: The exception classes used by the email package."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.errors</span></code></a>: 异常和缺陷类<a class="headerlink" href="#module-email.errors" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>源代码:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.8/Lib/email/errors.py">Lib/email/errors.py</a></p>
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<p>以下异常类在 <a class="reference internal" href="#module-email.errors" title="email.errors: The exception classes used by the email package."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.errors</span></code></a> 模块中定义：</p>
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<dl class="exception">
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<dt id="email.errors.MessageError">
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">email.errors.</code><code class="sig-name descname">MessageError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.MessageError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>这是 <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code></a> 包可以引发的所有异常的基类。 它源自标准异常 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#Exception" title="Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a> 类，这个类没有定义其他方法。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="exception">
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<dt id="email.errors.MessageParseError">
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">email.errors.</code><code class="sig-name descname">MessageParseError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.MessageParseError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>这是由 <a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#email.parser.Parser" title="email.parser.Parser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Parser</span></code></a> 类引发的异常的基类。它派生自 <a class="reference internal" href="#email.errors.MessageError" title="email.errors.MessageError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MessageError</span></code></a>。 <a class="reference internal" href="email.headerregistry.html#module-email.headerregistry" title="email.headerregistry: Automatic Parsing of headers based on the field name"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">headerregistry</span></code></a> 使用的解析器也在内部使用这个类。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="exception">
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<dt id="email.errors.HeaderParseError">
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">email.errors.</code><code class="sig-name descname">HeaderParseError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.HeaderParseError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>在解析消息的 <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322.html"><strong>RFC 5322</strong></a> 标头时，某些错误条件下会触发，此类派生自 <a class="reference internal" href="#email.errors.MessageParseError" title="email.errors.MessageParseError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MessageParseError</span></code></a>。 如果在调用方法时内容类型未知，则 <a class="reference internal" href="email.message.html#email.message.EmailMessage.set_boundary" title="email.message.EmailMessage.set_boundary"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_boundary()</span></code></a> 方法将引发此错误。 当尝试创建一个看起来包含嵌入式标头的标头时 <a class="reference internal" href="email.header.html#email.header.Header" title="email.header.Header"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Header</span></code></a> 可能会针对某些 base64 解码错误引发此错误（也就是说，应该是一个 没有前导空格并且看起来像标题的延续行）。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="exception">
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<dt id="email.errors.BoundaryError">
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">email.errors.</code><code class="sig-name descname">BoundaryError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.BoundaryError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>已弃用和不再使用的。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="exception">
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<dt id="email.errors.MultipartConversionError">
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">email.errors.</code><code class="sig-name descname">MultipartConversionError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.MultipartConversionError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>当使用 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add_payload()</span></code> 将有效负载添加到 <a class="reference internal" href="email.compat32-message.html#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Message</span></code></a> 对象时，有效负载已经是一个标量，而消息的 <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> 主类型不是 <em class="mimetype">multipart</em> 或者缺少时触发该异常。 <a class="reference internal" href="#email.errors.MultipartConversionError" title="email.errors.MultipartConversionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MultipartConversionError</span></code></a> 多重继承自 <a class="reference internal" href="#email.errors.MessageError" title="email.errors.MessageError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MessageError</span></code></a> 和内置的 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>。</p>
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<p>由于 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Message.add_payload()</span></code> 已被弃用，此异常实际上极少会被引发。 但是如果在派生自 <a class="reference internal" href="email.mime.html#email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart" title="email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MIMENonMultipart</span></code></a> 的类 (例如 <a class="reference internal" href="email.mime.html#email.mime.image.MIMEImage" title="email.mime.image.MIMEImage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MIMEImage</span></code></a>) 的实例上调用 <a class="reference internal" href="email.compat32-message.html#email.message.Message.attach" title="email.message.Message.attach"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">attach()</span></code></a> 方法也可以引发此异常。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="exception">
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<dt id="email.errors.HeaderWriteError">
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">email.errors.</code><code class="sig-name descname">HeaderWriteError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.HeaderWriteError" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>当 <a class="reference internal" href="email.generator.html#module-email.generator" title="email.generator: Generate flat text email messages from a message structure."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">generator</span></code></a> 输出标头发生错误时将被引发。</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<p>以下是 <a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#email.parser.FeedParser" title="email.parser.FeedParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FeedParser</span></code></a> 在解析消息时可发现的缺陷列表。 请注意这些缺陷会在问题被发现时加入到消息中，因此举例来说，如果某条嵌套在 <em class="mimetype">multipart/alternative</em> 中的消息具有错误的标头，该嵌套消息对象就会有一条缺陷，但外层消息对象则没有。</p>
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<p>所有缺陷类都是 <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.errors.MessageDefect</span></code> 的子类。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NoBoundaryInMultipartDefect</span></code> -- 一条消息宣称有多个部分，但却没有 <em class="mimetype">boundary</em> 形参。</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect</span></code> -- 在 <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> 标头中宣称的开始边界无法被找到。</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CloseBoundaryNotFoundDefect</span></code> -- 找到了开始边界，但相应的结束边界无法被找到。</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能.</span></p>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FirstHeaderLineIsContinuationDefect</span></code> -- 消息以一个继续行作为其第一个标头行。</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MisplacedEnvelopeHeaderDefect</span></code> - 在标头块中间发现了一个 "Unix From" 标头。</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MissingHeaderBodySeparatorDefect</span></code> - 在解析没有前缀空格但又不包含 ':' 的标头期间找到一行内容。 解析将假定该行表示消息体的第一行以继续执行。</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">3.3 新版功能.</span></p>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MalformedHeaderDefect</span></code> -- 找到一个缺失了冒号或格式错误的标头。</p>
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<div class="deprecated">
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<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">3.3 版后已移除: </span>此缺陷在近几个 Python 版本中已不再使用。</p>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MultipartInvariantViolationDefect</span></code> -- 一条消息宣称为 <em class="mimetype">multipart</em>，但无法找到任何子部分。 请注意当一条消息有此缺陷时，其 <a class="reference internal" href="email.compat32-message.html#email.message.Message.is_multipart" title="email.message.Message.is_multipart"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_multipart()</span></code></a> 方法可能返回 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>，即使其内容类型宣称为 <em class="mimetype">multipart</em>。</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InvalidBase64PaddingDefect</span></code> -- 当解码一个 base64 编码的字节分块时，填充的数据不正确。 虽然添加了足够的填充数据以执行解码，但作为结果的已解码字节串可能无效。</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InvalidBase64CharactersDefect</span></code> -- 当解码一个 base64 编码的字节分块时，遇到了 base64 字符表以外的字符。 这些字符会被忽略，但作为结果的已解码字节串可能无效。</p></li>
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<li><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InvalidBase64LengthDefect</span></code> -- 当解码一个 base64 编码的字节分块时，非填充 base64 字符的数量无效（比 4 的倍数多 1）。 已编码分块会保持原样。</p></li>
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</ul>
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