211 lines
16 KiB
HTML
211 lines
16 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::ranges::view_interface</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_ranges_view_interface skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::ranges::</span>view_interface</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-ranges.html">ranges</a></span></div>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-ranges.html"><ranges></a></code></div>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> D<span class="sy1">></span><br /></span>
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<p> requires <a href="cpp-types-is_class.html"><span class="kw477">std::<span class="me2">is_class_v</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>D<span class="sy1">></span> <span class="sy3">&&</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">same_as</span><span class="sy1"><</span>D, <a href="cpp-types-remove_cv.html"><span class="kw597">std::<span class="me2">remove_cv_t</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>D<span class="sy1">>></span><br /></p>
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<span class="kw1">class</span> view_interface<span class="sy4">;</span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<p><code>std::ranges::view_interface</code> 是用于定义范围接口的辅助类模板。</p>
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<p><code>view_interface</code> 常以 <a href="https://zh.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/crtp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="cpp/language/crtp(页面不存在)">CRTP</a> 使用:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="kw1">class</span> my_view <span class="sy4">:</span> <span class="kw1">public</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">view_interface</span><span class="sy1"><</span>my_view<span class="sy1">></span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">public</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> begin<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="coMULTI">/*...*/</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> end<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="coMULTI">/*...*/</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="co1">// 若 begin() 返回向前迭代器且 end() 返回其哨位则提供 empty() 。</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0">成员函数</span></h3>
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<div><a href="cpp-ranges-view_interface-empty.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>empty</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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<td>返回视图是否为空。若视图满足 <a href="cpp-ranges-forward_range.html"><code>forward_range</code></a> 则提供。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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<div><a href="cpp-ranges-view_interface-operator_bool.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator bool</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</td>
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<td>返回派生视图是否为非空。若 <span class="t-lc">ranges::empty</span> 可应用于它则提供。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-ranges-view_interface-data.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>data</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回派生视图的数据的地址。若视图的迭代器类型满足 <a href="cpp-iterator-contiguous_iterator.html"><code>contiguous_iterator</code></a> 则提供。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-ranges-view_interface-size.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>size</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>返回派生视图中的元素数。若视图满足 <a href="cpp-ranges-forward_range.html"><code>forward_range</code></a> 且其哨位与迭代器类型满足 <a href="cpp-iterator-sized_sentinel_for.html"><code>sized_sentinel_for</code></a> 则提供。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-ranges-view_interface-front.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>front</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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<td>返回派生视图中的首元素。若视图满足 <a href="cpp-ranges-forward_range.html"><code>forward_range</code></a> 则提供。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-ranges-view_interface-back.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>back</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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<td>返回派生视图中的末元素。若视图满足 <a href="cpp-ranges-bidirectional_range.html"><code>bidirectional_range</code></a> 与 <a href="cpp-ranges-common_range.html"><code>common_range</code></a> 则提供。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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<div><a href="cpp-ranges-view_interface-operator_at.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>operator[]</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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<td>返回派生视图中的第 n 个元素。若视图满足 <a href="cpp-ranges-random_access_range.html"><code>random_access_range</code></a> 则提供。<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <ranges></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <vector></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="kw1">template</span> <span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw1">class</span> T, <span class="kw1">class</span> A<span class="sy1">></span>
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<span class="kw1">class</span> VectorView <span class="sy4">:</span> <span class="kw1">public</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">ranges</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">view_interface</span><span class="sy1"><</span>VectorView<span class="sy1"><</span>T, A<span class="sy1">>></span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">public</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
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VectorView<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="kw1">default</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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VectorView<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T, A<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy3">&</span> vec<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy4">:</span>
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m_begin<span class="br0">(</span>vec.<span class="me1">cbegin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span>, m_end<span class="br0">(</span>vec.<span class="me1">cend</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> begin<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> m_begin<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> end<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span> m_end<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw1">private</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
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<span class="kw1">typename</span> <a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span>T, A<span class="sy1">></span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">const_iterator</span> m_begin<span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span>, m_end<span class="br0">{</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-container-vector.html"><span class="kw1269">std::<span class="me2">vector</span></span></a><span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">></span> v <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="br0">{</span><span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">4</span>, <span class="nu0">9</span>, <span class="nu0">16</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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VectorView view_over_v<span class="br0">{</span>v<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 我们能以 begin() 与 end() 迭代。</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> n <span class="sy4">:</span> view_over_v<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> n <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="co1">// 我们能在继承 view_interface 时免费地获得 operator[]</span>
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<span class="co1">// 因为我们满足 random_access_range 概念。</span>
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<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-types-ptrdiff_t.html"><span class="kw101">std::<span class="me2">ptrdiff_t</span></span></a> i <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> i <span class="sy1"><</span> view_over_v.<span class="me1">size</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> i<span class="sy2">++</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"v["</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> i <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"] = "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> view_over_v<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出:</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">1 4 9 16
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v[0] = 1
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v[1] = 4
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v[2] = 9
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v[3] = 16</pre></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.BC.BA.E9.99.B7.E6.8A.A5.E5.91.8A">缺陷报告</span></h3>
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<p>下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。</p>
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<table class="dsctable" style="font-size:0.8em">
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<tr>
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<th>DR</th>
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<th>应用于</th>
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<th>出版时的行为</th>
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<th>正确行为</th>
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</tr>
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue3549">LWG 3549</a></td>
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<td>C++20</td>
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<td>要求 <code>view_interface</code> 派生自 <code>view_base</code> ,这有时要求视图中的多个 <code>view_base</code> 子对象</td>
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<td>移除继承</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-ranges-subrange.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>ranges::subrange</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>将迭代器/哨位对结合为一个 <a href="cpp-ranges-view.html"><code>view</code></a><br />
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<span class="t-mark">(类模板)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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