194 lines
11 KiB
HTML
194 lines
11 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::erase</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::</span>erase</h1>
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-string.html">string</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html">basic string</a></span></div>
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<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">basic_string<span class="sy3">&</span> erase<span class="br0">(</span> size_type index <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span>, size_type count <span class="sy1">=</span> npos <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">constexpr</span> basic_string<span class="sy3">&</span> erase<span class="br0">(</span> size_type index <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span>, size_type count <span class="sy1">=</span> npos <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(2)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator erase<span class="br0">(</span> iterator position <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator erase<span class="br0">(</span> const_iterator position <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">constexpr</span> iterator erase<span class="br0">(</span> const_iterator position <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<td rowspan="142">(3)</td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator erase<span class="br0">(</span> iterator first, iterator last <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">iterator erase<span class="br0">(</span> const_iterator first, const_iterator last <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span><br />
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<span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(C++20 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">constexpr</span> iterator erase<span class="br0">(</span> const_iterator first, const_iterator last <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"></td>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20 起)</span></td>
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<p>从 string 移除指定的字符。</p>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 移除始于 <code>index</code> 的 <i>min(</i><code>count</code>, <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-string-basic_string-size.html">size()</a></span> <code>- index</code><i>)</i> 个字符。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 移除位于 <code>position</code> 的字符。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 移除范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 中的字符。</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<table class="t-par-begin">
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<td>index</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要移除的首个字符</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>count</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要移除的字符数</td>
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<td>position</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>指向要移除的字符的迭代器</td>
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<tr class="t-par">
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<td>first, last</td>
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<td>-</td>
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<td>要移除的字符范围</td>
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</table>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>this</span></span></div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 指向立即后随被擦除字符的迭代器，或若不存在这种字符则为 <code>end()</code></div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> 指向擦除前 <code>last</code> 所指向字符的迭代器，或若不存在这种字符则为 <code>end()</code></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">index <span class="sy1">></span> size<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 则为 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-error-out_of_range.html">std::out_of_range</a></span> 。</div>
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<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2-3)</span> 不抛出。</div>
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<p><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>任何情况下，若因任何原因抛出异常，则此函数无效果（强异常保证）。</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span></p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <algorithm></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <string></span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-string-basic_string.html"><span class="kw1230">std::<span class="me2">string</span></span></a> s <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">"This is an example"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> s <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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s.<span class="me1">erase</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">0</span>, <span class="nu0">5</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 擦除 "This "</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> s <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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s.<span class="me1">erase</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-algorithm-find_if_not.html"><span class="kw1574">std::<span class="me2">find</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span>s.<span class="me1">begin</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, s.<span class="me1">end</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>, <span class="st0">' '</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 擦除 ' '</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> s <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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s.<span class="me1">erase</span><span class="br0">(</span>s.<span class="me1">find</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">' '</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 从 ' ' 到字符串尾裁剪</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1758">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> s <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">This is an example
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is an example
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isan example
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isan</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-string-basic_string-clear.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>clear</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>清除内容<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(公开成员函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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