177 lines
12 KiB
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177 lines
12 KiB
HTML
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<title>std::abort</title>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_utility_program_abort skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">std::</span>abort</h1>
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="cpp.html">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-utility.html">utility</a>‎ | <a href="cpp-utility-program.html">program</a></span></div>
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<div>定义于头文件 <code><a href="cpp-header-cstdlib.html"><cstdlib></a></code></div>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw4">void</span> abort<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx11">(C++11 前)</span></td>
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<div><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">[</span>noreturn<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="kw4">void</span> abort<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">noexcept</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div>
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<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></td>
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<p>导致不正常程序终止，除非传递给 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-signal.html">std::signal</a></span> 的信号处理函数正在捕捉 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-SIG_types.html">SIGABRT</a></span> ，且该处理函数不返回。</p>
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<p>不调用拥有自动、<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>线程局域</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span>和静态<a href="cpp-language-storage_duration.html">存储期</a>的对象的析构函数。亦不调用以 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html">std::atexit()</a></span> <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>和 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-at_quick_exit.html">std::at_quick_exit</a></span></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11 起)</span></span></span> 注册的函数。是否关闭打开的资源，例如文件是实现定义的。返回给宿主环境指示不成功执行的实现定义状态。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
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<p>（无）</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
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<p>（无）</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.82.E5.B8.B8">异常</span></h3>
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<p>不抛出。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.A7.A3">注解</span></h3>
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<p>POSIX <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/abort.html">指定</a> <code>abort()</code> 函数撤除阻塞，或忽略 <code>SIGABRT</code> 信号。</p>
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<p>某些编译器内建子程序，例如 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Other-Builtins.html"><code>__builtin_trap</code></a> （ gcc、 clang 及 icc ）或 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/intrinsics/debugbreak?view=msvc-160"><code>__debugbreak</code></a> （ msvc ），能用于尽可能快地终止程序。</p>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
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<div class="t-example">
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<div class="t-example-live-link"></div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="cpp source-cpp">
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<pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <csignal></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <iostream></span>
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<span class="co2">#include <cstdlib></span>
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<span class="kw1">class</span> Tester <span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">public</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
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Tester<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Tester ctor<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
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~Tester<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Tester dtor<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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Tester static_tester<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 不调用析构函数</span>
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<span class="kw4">void</span> signal_handler<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> signal<span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>signal <span class="sy1">==</span> <a href="cpp-utility-program-SIG_types.html"><span class="kw981">SIGABRT</span></a><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cerr.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">cerr</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"SIGABRT received<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">else</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cerr.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">cerr</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Unexpected signal "</span> <span class="sy1"><<</span> signal <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">" received<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<a href="cpp-utility-program-_Exit.html"><span class="kw968">std::_Exit</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-utility-program-EXIT_status.html"><span class="kw972">EXIT_FAILURE</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span>
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<span class="br0">{</span>
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Tester automatic_tester<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 不调用析构函数</span>
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<span class="co1">// 安装处理函数</span>
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<span class="kw4">auto</span> previous_handler <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="cpp-utility-program-signal.html"><span class="kw975">std::<span class="me2">signal</span></span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="cpp-utility-program-SIG_types.html"><span class="kw981">SIGABRT</span></a>, signal_handler<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>previous_handler <span class="sy1">==</span> <a href="cpp-utility-program-SIG_ERR.html"><span class="kw980">SIG_ERR</span></a><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cerr.html"><span class="kw1759">std::<span class="me2">cerr</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"Setup failed<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="kw1">return</span> <a href="cpp-utility-program-EXIT_status.html"><span class="kw972">EXIT_FAILURE</span></a><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span>
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std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">abort</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 引发 SIGABRT</span>
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<a href="cpp-io-cout.html"><span class="kw1757">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a> <span class="sy1"><<</span> <span class="st0">"This code is unreachable<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>输出：</p>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="text source-text">
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<pre class="de1">Tester ctor
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Tester ctor
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SIGABRT received</pre></div>
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</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
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<table class="t-dsc-begin">
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>exit</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>导致正常的程序终止并进行清理<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-atexit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>atexit</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>注册将于调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="cpp-utility-program-exit.html">std::exit()</a></span> 时被调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-quick_exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>quick_exit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>导致快速程序终止，不进行完全的清理<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-at_quick_exit.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>at_quick_exit</span></span></a></div>
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<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>注册将于调用 <a href="cpp-utility-program-quick_exit.html"><tt>quick_exit</tt></a> 时被调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<td>
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-utility-program-signal.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>signal</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>为特定信号设置信号处理函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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<tr class="t-dsc">
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<div class="t-dsc-member-div">
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<div><a href="cpp-error-terminate.html"><span class="t-lines"><span>terminate</span></span></a></div>
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</div>
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</td>
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<td>异常处理失败时调用的函数<br />
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<span class="t-mark">(函数)</span></td>
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<div class="visualClear"></div>
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